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馃摑 Update GraphQL docs, recommend Strawberry (#3981)
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| # GraphQL | ||
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| **FastAPI** has optional support for GraphQL (provided by Starlette directly), using the `graphene` library. | ||
| As **FastAPI** is based on the **ASGI** standard, it's very easy to integrate any **GraphQL** library also compatible with ASGI. | ||
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| You can combine normal FastAPI *path operations* with GraphQL on the same application. | ||
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| ## Import and use `graphene` | ||
| !!! tip | ||
| **GraphQL** solves some very specific use cases. | ||
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| GraphQL is implemented with Graphene, you can check <a href="https://docs.graphene-python.org/en/latest/quickstart/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Graphene's docs</a> for more details. | ||
| It has **advantages** and **disadvantages** when compared to common **web APIs**. | ||
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| Import `graphene` and define your GraphQL data: | ||
| Make sure you evaluate if the **benefits** for your use case compensate the **drawbacks**. 馃 | ||
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| ```Python hl_lines="1 6-10" | ||
| {!../../../docs_src/graphql/tutorial001.py!} | ||
| ``` | ||
| ## GraphQL Libraries | ||
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| Here are some of the **GraphQL** libraries that have **ASGI** support. You could use them with **FastAPI**: | ||
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| * <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a> 馃崜 | ||
| * With <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/docs/integrations/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">docs for FastAPI</a> | ||
| * <a href="https://ariadnegraphql.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Ariadne</a> | ||
| * With <a href="https://ariadnegraphql.org/docs/starlette-integration" class="external-link" target="_blank">docs for Starlette</a> (that also apply to FastAPI) | ||
| * <a href="https://tartiflette.io/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tartiflette</a> | ||
| * With <a href="https://tartiflette.github.io/tartiflette-asgi/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tartiflette ASGI</a> to provide ASGI integration | ||
| * <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Graphene</a> | ||
| * With <a href="https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3" class="external-link" target="_blank">starlette-graphene3</a> | ||
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| ## GraphQL with Strawberry | ||
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| If you need or want to work with **GraphQL**, <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">**Strawberry**</a> is the **recommended** library as it has the design closest to **FastAPI's** design, it's all based on **type annotations**. | ||
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| ## Add Starlette's `GraphQLApp` | ||
| Depending on your use case, you might prefer to use a different library, but if you asked me, I would probably suggest you try **Strawberry**. | ||
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| Then import and add Starlette's `GraphQLApp`: | ||
| Here's a small preview of how you could integrate Strawberry with FastAPI: | ||
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| ```Python hl_lines="3 14" | ||
| ```Python hl_lines="3 22 25-26" | ||
| {!../../../docs_src/graphql/tutorial001.py!} | ||
| ``` | ||
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| !!! info | ||
| Here we are using `.add_route`, that is the way to add a route in Starlette (inherited by FastAPI) without declaring the specific operation (as would be with `.get()`, `.post()`, etc). | ||
| You can learn more about Strawberry in the <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry documentation</a>. | ||
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| ## Check it | ||
| And also the docs about <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/docs/integrations/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry with FastAPI</a>. | ||
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| Run it with Uvicorn and open your browser at <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000</a>. | ||
| ## Older `GraphQLApp` from Starlette | ||
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| You will see GraphiQL web user interface: | ||
| Previous versions of Starlette included a `GraphQLApp` class to integrate with <a href="https://graphene-python.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Graphene</a>. | ||
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| <img src="/img/tutorial/graphql/image01.png"> | ||
| It was deprecated from Starlette, but if you have code that used it, you can easily **migrate** to <a href="https://github.com/ciscorn/starlette-graphene3" class="external-link" target="_blank">starlette-graphene3</a>, that covers the same use case and has an **almost identical interface**. | ||
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| ## More details | ||
| !!! tip | ||
| If you need GraphQL, I still would recommend you check out <a href="https://strawberry.rocks/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Strawberry</a>, as it's based on type annotations instead of custom classes and types. | ||
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| For more details, including: | ||
| ## Learn More | ||
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| * Accessing request information | ||
| * Adding background tasks | ||
| * Using normal or async functions | ||
| You can learn more about **GraphQL** in the <a href="https://graphql.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">official GraphQL documentation</a>. | ||
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| check the official <a href="https://www.starlette.io/graphql/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette GraphQL docs</a>. | ||
| You can also read more about each those libraries described above in their links. |
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| Original file line number | Diff line number | Diff line change |
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| import graphene | ||
| import strawberry | ||
| from fastapi import FastAPI | ||
| from starlette.graphql import GraphQLApp | ||
| from strawberry.asgi import GraphQL | ||
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| class Query(graphene.ObjectType): | ||
| hello = graphene.String(name=graphene.String(default_value="stranger")) | ||
| @strawberry.type | ||
| class User: | ||
| name: str | ||
| age: int | ||
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| def resolve_hello(self, info, name): | ||
| return "Hello " + name | ||
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| @strawberry.type | ||
| class Query: | ||
| @strawberry.field | ||
| def user(self) -> User: | ||
| return User(name="Patrick", age=100) | ||
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| schema = strawberry.Schema(query=Query) | ||
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| graphql_app = GraphQL(schema) | ||
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| app = FastAPI() | ||
| app.add_route("/", GraphQLApp(schema=graphene.Schema(query=Query))) | ||
| app.add_route("/graphql", graphql_app) | ||
| app.add_websocket_route("/graphql", graphql_app) |