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elasticsearch_backend.py
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elasticsearch_backend.py
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import datetime
import logging
import warnings
from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.db.models.loading import get_model
import haystack
from haystack.backends import BaseEngine, BaseSearchBackend, BaseSearchQuery, log_query
from haystack.constants import ID, DJANGO_CT, DJANGO_ID, DEFAULT_OPERATOR
from haystack.exceptions import MissingDependency, MoreLikeThisError
from haystack.inputs import PythonData, Clean, Exact
from haystack.models import SearchResult
from haystack.utils import get_identifier
try:
from django.db.models.sql.query import get_proxied_model
except ImportError:
# Likely on Django 1.0
get_proxied_model = None
try:
import requests
except ImportError:
raise MissingDependency("The 'elasticsearch' backend requires the installation of 'requests'.")
try:
import pyelasticsearch
except ImportError:
raise MissingDependency("The 'elasticsearch' backend requires the installation of 'pyelasticsearch'. Please refer to the documentation.")
class ElasticsearchSearchBackend(BaseSearchBackend):
# Word reserved by Elasticsearch for special use.
RESERVED_WORDS = (
'AND',
'NOT',
'OR',
'TO',
)
# Characters reserved by Elasticsearch for special use.
# The '\\' must come first, so as not to overwrite the other slash replacements.
RESERVED_CHARACTERS = (
'\\', '+', '-', '&&', '||', '!', '(', ')', '{', '}',
'[', ']', '^', '"', '~', '*', '?', ':',
)
# Settings to add an n-gram & edge n-gram analyzer.
DEFAULT_SETTINGS = {
'settings': {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"ngram_analyzer": {
"type": "custom",
"tokenizer": "lowercase",
"filter": ["haystack_ngram"]
},
"edgengram_analyzer": {
"type": "custom",
"tokenizer": "lowercase",
"filter": ["haystack_edgengram"]
}
},
"tokenizer": {
"haystack_ngram_tokenizer": {
"type": "nGram",
"min_gram" : 3,
"max_gram" : 15,
},
"haystack_edgengram_tokenizer": {
"type": "edgeNGram",
"min_gram" : 2,
"max_gram" : 15,
"side": "front"
}
},
"filter" : {
"haystack_ngram" : {
"type" : "nGram",
"min_gram" : 3,
"max_gram" : 15
},
"haystack_edgengram" : {
"type" : "edgeNGram",
"min_gram" : 2,
"max_gram" : 15
}
}
}
}
}
def __init__(self, connection_alias, **connection_options):
super(ElasticsearchSearchBackend, self).__init__(connection_alias, **connection_options)
if not 'URL' in connection_options:
raise ImproperlyConfigured("You must specify a 'URL' in your settings for connection '%s'." % connection_alias)
if not 'INDEX_NAME' in connection_options:
raise ImproperlyConfigured("You must specify a 'INDEX_NAME' in your settings for connection '%s'." % connection_alias)
self.conn = pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearch(connection_options['URL'], timeout=self.timeout)
self.index_name = connection_options['INDEX_NAME']
self.log = logging.getLogger('haystack')
self.setup_complete = False
self.existing_mapping = {}
def setup(self):
"""
Defers loading until needed.
"""
# Get the existing mapping & cache it. We'll compare it
# during the ``update`` & if it doesn't match, we'll put the new
# mapping.
try:
self.existing_mapping = self.conn.get_mapping(indexes=[self.index_name])
except Exception, e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
unified_index = haystack.connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index()
self.content_field_name, field_mapping = self.build_schema(unified_index.all_searchfields())
current_mapping = {
'modelresult': {
'properties': field_mapping
}
}
if current_mapping != self.existing_mapping:
try:
# Make sure the index is there first.
self.conn.create_index(self.index_name, self.DEFAULT_SETTINGS)
self.conn.put_mapping('modelresult', current_mapping, indexes=[self.index_name])
self.existing_mapping = current_mapping
except Exception, e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.setup_complete = True
def update(self, index, iterable, commit=True):
if not self.setup_complete:
try:
self.setup()
except pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError, e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.log.error("Failed to add documents to Elasticsearch: %s", e)
return
prepped_docs = []
for obj in iterable:
try:
prepped_data = index.full_prepare(obj)
final_data = {}
# Convert the data to make sure it's happy.
for key, value in prepped_data.items():
final_data[key] = self.conn.from_python(value)
prepped_docs.append(final_data)
except (requests.RequestException, pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError), e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
# We'll log the object identifier but won't include the actual object
# to avoid the possibility of that generating encoding errors while
# processing the log message:
self.log.error(u"%s while preparing object for update" % e.__name__, exc_info=True, extra={
"data": {
"index": index,
"object": get_identifier(obj)
}
})
self.conn.bulk_index(self.index_name, 'modelresult', prepped_docs, id_field=ID)
if commit:
self.conn.refresh(indexes=[self.index_name])
def remove(self, obj_or_string, commit=True):
doc_id = get_identifier(obj_or_string)
if not self.setup_complete:
try:
self.setup()
except pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError, e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.log.error("Failed to remove document '%s' from Elasticsearch: %s", doc_id, e)
return
try:
self.conn.delete(self.index_name, 'modelresult', doc_id)
if commit:
self.conn.refresh(indexes=[self.index_name])
except (requests.RequestException, pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError), e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.log.error("Failed to remove document '%s' from Elasticsearch: %s", doc_id, e)
def clear(self, models=[], commit=True):
# We actually don't want to do this here, as mappings could be
# very different.
# if not self.setup_complete:
# self.setup()
try:
if not models:
self.conn.delete_index(self.index_name)
else:
models_to_delete = []
for model in models:
models_to_delete.append("%s:%s.%s" % (DJANGO_CT, model._meta.app_label, model._meta.module_name))
# Delete by query in Elasticsearch asssumes you're dealing with
# a ``query`` root object. :/
self.conn.delete_by_query(self.index_name, 'modelresult', {'query_string': {'query': " OR ".join(models_to_delete)}})
if commit:
self.conn.refresh(indexes=[self.index_name])
except (requests.RequestException, pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError), e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
if len(models):
self.log.error("Failed to clear Elasticsearch index of models '%s': %s", ','.join(models_to_delete), e)
else:
self.log.error("Failed to clear Elasticsearch index: %s", e)
def build_search_kwargs(self, query_string, sort_by=None, start_offset=0, end_offset=None,
fields='', highlight=False, facets=None,
date_facets=None, query_facets=None,
narrow_queries=None, spelling_query=None,
within=None, dwithin=None, distance_point=None,
models=None, limit_to_registered_models=None,
result_class=None):
index = haystack.connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index()
content_field = index.document_field
if query_string == '*:*':
kwargs = {
'query': {
'filtered': {
'query': {
'query_string': {
'query': '*:*',
},
},
},
},
}
else:
kwargs = {
'query': {
'filtered': {
'query': {
'query_string': {
'default_field': content_field,
'default_operator': DEFAULT_OPERATOR,
'query': query_string,
'analyze_wildcard': True,
'auto_generate_phrase_queries': True,
},
},
},
},
}
if fields:
if isinstance(fields, (list, set)):
fields = " ".join(fields)
kwargs['fields'] = fields
if sort_by is not None:
order_list = []
for field, direction in sort_by:
if field == 'distance' and distance_point:
# Do the geo-enabled sort.
lng, lat = distance_point['point'].get_coords()
sort_kwargs = {
"_geo_distance": {
distance_point['field']: [lng, lat],
"order" : direction,
"unit" : "km"
}
}
else:
if field == 'distance':
warnings.warn("In order to sort by distance, you must call the '.distance(...)' method.")
# Regular sorting.
sort_kwargs = {field: {'order': direction}}
order_list.append(sort_kwargs)
kwargs['sort'] = order_list
# From/size offsets don't seem to work right in Elasticsearch's DSL. :/
# if start_offset is not None:
# kwargs['from'] = start_offset
# if end_offset is not None:
# kwargs['size'] = end_offset - start_offset
if highlight is True:
kwargs['highlight'] = {
'fields': {
content_field: {'store': 'yes'},
}
}
if self.include_spelling is True:
warnings.warn("Elasticsearch does not handle spelling suggestions.", Warning, stacklevel=2)
if narrow_queries is None:
narrow_queries = set()
if facets is not None:
kwargs.setdefault('facets', {})
for facet_fieldname in facets:
kwargs['facets'][facet_fieldname] = {
'terms': {
'field': facet_fieldname,
},
}
if date_facets is not None:
kwargs.setdefault('facets', {})
for facet_fieldname, value in date_facets.items():
# Need to detect on gap_by & only add amount if it's more than one.
interval = value.get('gap_by').lower()
# Need to detect on amount (can't be applied on months or years).
if value.get('gap_amount', 1) != 1 and not interval in ('month', 'year'):
# Just the first character is valid for use.
interval = "%s%s" % (value['gap_amount'], interval[:1])
kwargs['facets'][facet_fieldname] = {
'date_histogram': {
'field': facet_fieldname,
'interval': interval,
},
'facet_filter': {
"range": {
facet_fieldname: {
'from': self.conn.from_python(value.get('start_date')),
'to': self.conn.from_python(value.get('end_date')),
}
}
}
}
if query_facets is not None:
kwargs.setdefault('facets', {})
for facet_fieldname, value in query_facets:
kwargs['facets'][facet_fieldname] = {
'query': {
'query_string': {
'query': value,
}
},
}
if limit_to_registered_models is None:
limit_to_registered_models = getattr(settings, 'HAYSTACK_LIMIT_TO_REGISTERED_MODELS', True)
if models and len(models):
model_choices = sorted(['%s.%s' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.module_name) for model in models])
elif limit_to_registered_models:
# Using narrow queries, limit the results to only models handled
# with the current routers.
model_choices = self.build_models_list()
else:
model_choices = []
if len(model_choices) > 0:
if narrow_queries is None:
narrow_queries = set()
narrow_queries.add('%s:(%s)' % (DJANGO_CT, ' OR '.join(model_choices)))
if narrow_queries:
kwargs['query'].setdefault('filtered', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered'].setdefault('filter', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered']['filter'] = {
'fquery': {
'query': {
'query_string': {
'query': u' AND '.join(list(narrow_queries)),
},
},
'_cache': True,
}
}
if within is not None:
from haystack.utils.geo import generate_bounding_box
((min_lat, min_lng), (max_lat, max_lng)) = generate_bounding_box(within['point_1'], within['point_2'])
kwargs['query'].setdefault('filtered', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered'].setdefault('filter', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered']['filter'] = {
"geo_bounding_box": {
within['field']: {
"top_left": {
"lat": max_lat,
"lon": max_lng
},
"bottom_right": {
"lat": min_lat,
"lon": min_lng
}
}
},
}
if dwithin is not None:
lng, lat = dwithin['point'].get_coords()
kwargs['query'].setdefault('filtered', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered'].setdefault('filter', {})
kwargs['query']['filtered']['filter'] = {
"geo_distance": {
"distance": dwithin['distance'].km,
dwithin['field']: {
"lat": lat,
"lon": lng
}
}
}
# Remove the "filtered" key if we're not filtering. Otherwise,
# Elasticsearch will blow up.
if not kwargs['query']['filtered'].get('filter'):
kwargs['query'] = kwargs['query']['filtered']['query']
return kwargs
@log_query
def search(self, query_string, **kwargs):
if len(query_string) == 0:
return {
'results': [],
'hits': 0,
}
if not self.setup_complete:
self.setup()
search_kwargs = self.build_search_kwargs(query_string, **kwargs)
# Because Elasticsearch.
query_params = {
'from': kwargs.get('start_offset', 0),
}
if kwargs.get('end_offset') is not None and kwargs.get('end_offset') > kwargs.get('start_offset', 0):
query_params['size'] = kwargs.get('end_offset') - kwargs.get('start_offset', 0)
try:
raw_results = self.conn.search(None, search_kwargs, indexes=[self.index_name], doc_types=['modelresult'], **query_params)
except (requests.RequestException, pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError), e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.log.error("Failed to query Elasticsearch using '%s': %s", query_string, e)
raw_results = {}
return self._process_results(raw_results, highlight=kwargs.get('highlight'), result_class=kwargs.get('result_class', SearchResult))
def more_like_this(self, model_instance, additional_query_string=None,
start_offset=0, end_offset=None, models=None,
limit_to_registered_models=None, result_class=None, **kwargs):
from haystack import connections
if not self.setup_complete:
self.setup()
# Handle deferred models.
if get_proxied_model and hasattr(model_instance, '_deferred') and model_instance._deferred:
model_klass = get_proxied_model(model_instance._meta)
else:
model_klass = type(model_instance)
index = connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index().get_index(model_klass)
field_name = index.get_content_field()
params = {}
if start_offset is not None:
params['search_from'] = start_offset
if end_offset is not None:
params['search_size'] = end_offset - start_offset
doc_id = get_identifier(model_instance)
try:
raw_results = self.conn.morelikethis(self.index_name, 'modelresult', doc_id, [field_name], **params)
except (requests.RequestException, pyelasticsearch.ElasticSearchError), e:
if not self.silently_fail:
raise
self.log.error("Failed to fetch More Like This from Elasticsearch for document '%s': %s", doc_id, e)
raw_results = {}
return self._process_results(raw_results, result_class=result_class)
def _process_results(self, raw_results, highlight=False, result_class=None):
from haystack import connections
results = []
hits = raw_results.get('hits', {}).get('total', 0)
facets = {}
spelling_suggestion = None
if result_class is None:
result_class = SearchResult
if 'facets' in raw_results:
facets = {
'fields': {},
'dates': {},
'queries': {},
}
for facet_fieldname, facet_info in raw_results['facets'].items():
if facet_info.get('_type', 'terms') == 'terms':
facets['fields'][facet_fieldname] = [(individual['term'], individual['count']) for individual in facet_info['terms']]
elif facet_info.get('_type', 'terms') == 'date_histogram':
# Elasticsearch provides UTC timestamps with an extra three
# decimals of precision, which datetime barfs on.
facets['dates'][facet_fieldname] = [(datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(individual['time'] / 1000), individual['count']) for individual in facet_info['entries']]
elif facet_info.get('_type', 'terms') == 'query':
facets['queries'][facet_fieldname] = facet_info['count']
unified_index = connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index()
indexed_models = unified_index.get_indexed_models()
content_field = unified_index.document_field
for raw_result in raw_results.get('hits', {}).get('hits', []):
source = raw_result['_source']
app_label, model_name = source[DJANGO_CT].split('.')
additional_fields = {}
model = get_model(app_label, model_name)
if model and model in indexed_models:
for key, value in source.items():
index = unified_index.get_index(model)
string_key = str(key)
if string_key in index.fields and hasattr(index.fields[string_key], 'convert'):
additional_fields[string_key] = index.fields[string_key].convert(value)
else:
additional_fields[string_key] = self.conn.to_python(value)
del(additional_fields[DJANGO_CT])
del(additional_fields[DJANGO_ID])
if 'highlight' in raw_result:
additional_fields['highlighted'] = raw_result['highlight'].get(content_field, '')
result = result_class(app_label, model_name, source[DJANGO_ID], raw_result['_score'], **additional_fields)
results.append(result)
else:
hits -= 1
return {
'results': results,
'hits': hits,
'facets': facets,
'spelling_suggestion': spelling_suggestion,
}
def build_schema(self, fields):
content_field_name = ''
mapping = {}
for field_name, field_class in fields.items():
field_mapping = {
'boost': field_class.boost,
'index': 'analyzed',
'store': 'yes',
'type': 'string',
}
if field_class.document is True:
content_field_name = field_class.index_fieldname
# DRL_FIXME: Perhaps move to something where, if none of these
# checks succeed, call a custom method on the form that
# returns, per-backend, the right type of storage?
if field_class.field_type in ['date', 'datetime']:
field_mapping['type'] = 'date'
elif field_class.field_type == 'integer':
field_mapping['type'] = 'long'
elif field_class.field_type == 'float':
field_mapping['type'] = 'float'
elif field_class.field_type == 'boolean':
field_mapping['type'] = 'boolean'
elif field_class.field_type == 'ngram':
field_mapping['analyzer'] = "ngram_analyzer"
elif field_class.field_type == 'edge_ngram':
field_mapping['analyzer'] = "edgengram_analyzer"
elif field_class.field_type == 'location':
field_mapping['type'] = 'geo_point'
# The docs claim nothing is needed for multivalue...
# if field_class.is_multivalued:
# field_data['multi_valued'] = 'true'
if field_class.stored is False:
field_mapping['store'] = 'no'
# Do this last to override `text` fields.
if field_class.indexed is False or hasattr(field_class, 'facet_for'):
field_mapping['index'] = 'not_analyzed'
if field_mapping['type'] == 'string' and field_class.indexed:
field_mapping["term_vector"] = "with_positions_offsets"
if not hasattr(field_class, 'facet_for') and not field_class.field_type in('ngram', 'edge_ngram'):
field_mapping["analyzer"] = "snowball"
mapping[field_class.index_fieldname] = field_mapping
return (content_field_name, mapping)
# Sucks that this is almost an exact copy of what's in the Solr backend,
# but we can't import due to dependencies.
class ElasticsearchSearchQuery(BaseSearchQuery):
def matching_all_fragment(self):
return '*:*'
def add_spatial(self, lat, lon, sfield, distance, filter='bbox'):
"""Adds spatial query parameters to search query"""
kwargs = {
'lat': lat,
'long': long,
'sfield': sfield,
'distance': distance,
}
self.spatial_query.update(kwargs)
def add_order_by_distance(self, lat, long, sfield):
"""Orders the search result by distance from point."""
kwargs = {
'lat': lat,
'long': long,
'sfield': sfield,
}
self.order_by_distance.update(kwargs)
def build_query_fragment(self, field, filter_type, value):
from haystack import connections
query_frag = ''
if not hasattr(value, 'input_type_name'):
# Handle when we've got a ``ValuesListQuerySet``...
if hasattr(value, 'values_list'):
value = list(value)
if isinstance(value, basestring):
# It's not an ``InputType``. Assume ``Clean``.
value = Clean(value)
else:
value = PythonData(value)
# Prepare the query using the InputType.
prepared_value = value.prepare(self)
if not isinstance(prepared_value, (set, list, tuple)):
# Then convert whatever we get back to what pysolr wants if needed.
prepared_value = self.backend.conn.from_python(prepared_value)
# 'content' is a special reserved word, much like 'pk' in
# Django's ORM layer. It indicates 'no special field'.
if field == 'content':
index_fieldname = ''
else:
index_fieldname = u'%s:' % connections[self._using].get_unified_index().get_index_fieldname(field)
filter_types = {
'contains': u'%s',
'startswith': u'%s*',
'exact': u'%s',
'gt': u'{%s TO *}',
'gte': u'[%s TO *]',
'lt': u'{* TO %s}',
'lte': u'[* TO %s]',
}
if value.post_process is False:
query_frag = prepared_value
else:
if filter_type in ['contains', 'startswith']:
if value.input_type_name == 'exact':
query_frag = prepared_value
else:
# Iterate over terms & incorportate the converted form of each into the query.
terms = []
if isinstance(prepared_value, basestring):
for possible_value in prepared_value.split(' '):
terms.append(filter_types[filter_type] % self.backend.conn.from_python(possible_value))
else:
terms.append(filter_types[filter_type] % self.backend.conn.from_python(prepared_value))
if len(terms) == 1:
query_frag = terms[0]
else:
query_frag = u"(%s)" % " AND ".join(terms)
elif filter_type == 'in':
in_options = []
for possible_value in prepared_value:
in_options.append(u'"%s"' % self.backend.conn.from_python(possible_value))
query_frag = u"(%s)" % " OR ".join(in_options)
elif filter_type == 'range':
start = self.backend.conn.from_python(prepared_value[0])
end = self.backend.conn.from_python(prepared_value[1])
query_frag = u'["%s" TO "%s"]' % (start, end)
elif filter_type == 'exact':
if value.input_type_name == 'exact':
query_frag = prepared_value
else:
prepared_value = Exact(prepared_value).prepare(self)
query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value
else:
if value.input_type_name != 'exact':
prepared_value = Exact(prepared_value).prepare(self)
query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value
if len(query_frag) and not query_frag.startswith('(') and not query_frag.endswith(')'):
query_frag = "(%s)" % query_frag
return u"%s%s" % (index_fieldname, query_frag)
def build_alt_parser_query(self, parser_name, query_string='', **kwargs):
if query_string:
kwargs['v'] = query_string
kwarg_bits = []
for key in sorted(kwargs.keys()):
if isinstance(kwargs[key], basestring) and ' ' in kwargs[key]:
kwarg_bits.append(u"%s='%s'" % (key, kwargs[key]))
else:
kwarg_bits.append(u"%s=%s" % (key, kwargs[key]))
return u"{!%s %s}" % (parser_name, ' '.join(kwarg_bits))
def run(self, spelling_query=None, **kwargs):
"""Builds and executes the query. Returns a list of search results."""
final_query = self.build_query()
search_kwargs = {
'start_offset': self.start_offset,
'result_class': self.result_class,
}
order_by_list = None
if self.order_by:
if order_by_list is None:
order_by_list = []
for field in self.order_by:
direction = 'asc'
if field.startswith('-'):
direction = 'desc'
field = field[1:]
order_by_list.append((field, direction))
search_kwargs['sort_by'] = order_by_list
if self.end_offset is not None:
search_kwargs['end_offset'] = self.end_offset
if self.highlight:
search_kwargs['highlight'] = self.highlight
if self.facets:
search_kwargs['facets'] = list(self.facets)
if self.date_facets:
search_kwargs['date_facets'] = self.date_facets
if self.query_facets:
search_kwargs['query_facets'] = self.query_facets
if self.narrow_queries:
search_kwargs['narrow_queries'] = self.narrow_queries
if self.fields:
search_kwargs['fields'] = self.fields
if self.models:
search_kwargs['models'] = self.models
if spelling_query:
search_kwargs['spelling_query'] = spelling_query
if self.within:
search_kwargs['within'] = self.within
if self.dwithin:
search_kwargs['dwithin'] = self.dwithin
if self.distance_point:
search_kwargs['distance_point'] = self.distance_point
results = self.backend.search(final_query, **search_kwargs)
self._results = results.get('results', [])
self._hit_count = results.get('hits', 0)
self._facet_counts = self.post_process_facets(results)
self._spelling_suggestion = results.get('spelling_suggestion', None)
def run_mlt(self, **kwargs):
"""Builds and executes the query. Returns a list of search results."""
if self._more_like_this is False or self._mlt_instance is None:
raise MoreLikeThisError("No instance was provided to determine 'More Like This' results.")
additional_query_string = self.build_query()
search_kwargs = {
'start_offset': self.start_offset,
'result_class': self.result_class,
}
if self.end_offset is not None:
search_kwargs['end_offset'] = self.end_offset - self.start_offset
results = self.backend.more_like_this(self._mlt_instance, additional_query_string, **search_kwargs)
self._results = results.get('results', [])
self._hit_count = results.get('hits', 0)
class ElasticsearchSearchEngine(BaseEngine):
backend = ElasticsearchSearchBackend
query = ElasticsearchSearchQuery