Fix: properly parse/generate duckdb MAP {..} syntax, annotate MAPs

sqlglot/dialects/bigquery.py

@@ -536,7 +536,9 @@ def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
 
             return json_object
 
-        def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+        def _parse_bracket(
+            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
+        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
             bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
 
             if this is bracket:

sqlglot/dialects/duckdb.py

@@ -293,6 +293,11 @@ class Parser(parser.Parser):
         FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
         FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("DECODE")
 
+        NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
+            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS,
+            "MAP": lambda self: self._parse_map(),
+        }
+
         TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS - {
             TokenType.SEMI,
             TokenType.ANTI,
@@ -307,6 +312,13 @@ class Parser(parser.Parser):
             ),
         }
 
+        def _parse_map(self) -> exp.ToMap | exp.Map:
+            if self._match(TokenType.L_BRACE, advance=False):
+                return self.expression(exp.ToMap, this=self._parse_bracket())
+
+            args = self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_conjunction)
+            return self.expression(exp.Map, keys=seq_get(args, 0), values=seq_get(args, 1))
+
         def _parse_types(
             self, check_func: bool = False, schema: bool = False, allow_identifiers: bool = True
         ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:

sqlglot/expressions.py

@@ -5355,6 +5355,11 @@ def values(self) -> t.List[Expression]:
         return values.expressions if values else []
 
 
+# Represents the MAP {...} syntax in DuckDB - basically convert a struct to a MAP
+class ToMap(Func):
+    pass
+
+
 class MapFromEntries(Func):
     pass
 

sqlglot/generator.py

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ class Generator(metaclass=_Generator):
         exp.TemporaryProperty: lambda *_: "TEMPORARY",
         exp.TitleColumnConstraint: lambda self, e: f"TITLE {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
         exp.Timestamp: lambda self, e: self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.expression),
+        exp.ToMap: lambda self, e: f"MAP {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
         exp.ToTableProperty: lambda self, e: f"TO {self.sql(e.this)}",
         exp.TransformModelProperty: lambda self, e: self.func("TRANSFORM", *e.expressions),
         exp.TransientProperty: lambda *_: "TRANSIENT",
@@ -2996,30 +2997,6 @@ def havingmax_sql(self, expression: exp.HavingMax) -> str:
         kind = "MAX" if expression.args.get("max") else "MIN"
         return f"{this_sql} HAVING {kind} {expression_sql}"
 
-    def _embed_ignore_nulls(self, expression: exp.IgnoreNulls | exp.RespectNulls, text: str) -> str:
-        if self.IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC and not expression.meta.get("inline"):
-            # The first modifier here will be the one closest to the AggFunc's arg
-            mods = sorted(
-                expression.find_all(exp.HavingMax, exp.Order, exp.Limit),
-                key=lambda x: 0
-                if isinstance(x, exp.HavingMax)
-                else (1 if isinstance(x, exp.Order) else 2),
-            )
-
-            if mods:
-                mod = mods[0]
-                this = expression.__class__(this=mod.this.copy())
-                this.meta["inline"] = True
-                mod.this.replace(this)
-                return self.sql(expression.this)
-
-            agg_func = expression.find(exp.AggFunc)
-
-            if agg_func:
-                return self.sql(agg_func)[:-1] + f" {text})"
-
-        return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')} {text}"
-
     def intdiv_sql(self, expression: exp.IntDiv) -> str:
         return self.sql(
             exp.Cast(
@@ -3565,30 +3542,6 @@ def arrayany_sql(self, expression: exp.ArrayAny) -> str:
 
         return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
 
-    def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
-        this = expression.this
-        if isinstance(this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
-            this = self.json_path_part(this)
-            return f".{this}" if this else ""
-
-        if exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(this):
-            return f".{this}"
-
-        this = self.json_path_part(this)
-        return f"[{this}]" if self.JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED else f".{this}"
-
-    def _jsonpathsubscript_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathSubscript) -> str:
-        this = self.json_path_part(expression.this)
-        return f"[{this}]" if this else ""
-
-    def _simplify_unless_literal(self, expression: E) -> E:
-        if not isinstance(expression, exp.Literal):
-            from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify
-
-            expression = simplify(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
-
-        return expression
-
     def generateseries_sql(self, expression: exp.GenerateSeries) -> str:
         expression.set("is_end_exclusive", None)
         return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
@@ -3675,3 +3628,51 @@ def convert_sql(self, expression: exp.Convert) -> str:
             transformed = cast(this=value, to=to, safe=safe)
 
         return self.sql(transformed)
+
+    def _jsonpathkey_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathKey) -> str:
+        this = expression.this
+        if isinstance(this, exp.JSONPathWildcard):
+            this = self.json_path_part(this)
+            return f".{this}" if this else ""
+
+        if exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(this):
+            return f".{this}"
+
+        this = self.json_path_part(this)
+        return f"[{this}]" if self.JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED else f".{this}"
+
+    def _jsonpathsubscript_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONPathSubscript) -> str:
+        this = self.json_path_part(expression.this)
+        return f"[{this}]" if this else ""
+
+    def _simplify_unless_literal(self, expression: E) -> E:
+        if not isinstance(expression, exp.Literal):
+            from sqlglot.optimizer.simplify import simplify
+
+            expression = simplify(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
+
+        return expression
+
+    def _embed_ignore_nulls(self, expression: exp.IgnoreNulls | exp.RespectNulls, text: str) -> str:
+        if self.IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC and not expression.meta.get("inline"):
+            # The first modifier here will be the one closest to the AggFunc's arg
+            mods = sorted(
+                expression.find_all(exp.HavingMax, exp.Order, exp.Limit),
+                key=lambda x: 0
+                if isinstance(x, exp.HavingMax)
+                else (1 if isinstance(x, exp.Order) else 2),
+            )
+
+            if mods:
+                mod = mods[0]
+                this = expression.__class__(this=mod.this.copy())
+                this.meta["inline"] = True
+                mod.this.replace(this)
+                return self.sql(expression.this)
+
+            agg_func = expression.find(exp.AggFunc)
+
+            if agg_func:
+                return self.sql(agg_func)[:-1] + f" {text})"
+
+        return f"{self.sql(expression, 'this')} {text}"

sqlglot/optimizer/annotate_types.py

@@ -271,22 +271,23 @@ class TypeAnnotator(metaclass=_TypeAnnotator):
         exp.Interval: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.INTERVAL),
         exp.Least: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
         exp.Literal: lambda self, e: self._annotate_literal(e),
-        exp.Map: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.MAP),
+        exp.Map: lambda self, e: self._annotate_map(e),
         exp.Max: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expressions"),
         exp.Min: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expressions"),
         exp.Null: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.NULL),
         exp.Nullif: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
         exp.PropertyEQ: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expression"),
         exp.Slice: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN),
-        exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions", struct=True),
+        exp.Struct: lambda self, e: self._annotate_struct(e),
         exp.Sum: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expressions", promote=True),
         exp.Timestamp: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(
             e,
             exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ if e.args.get("with_tz") else exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP,
         ),
+        exp.ToMap: lambda self, e: self._annotate_to_map(e),
         exp.TryCast: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, e.args["to"]),
         exp.Unnest: lambda self, e: self._annotate_unnest(e),
-        exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: self._annotate_with_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.MAP),
+        exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: self._annotate_map(e),
     }
 
     NESTED_TYPES = {
@@ -428,23 +429,13 @@ def _maybe_coerce(
         if exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN in (type1_value, type2_value):
             return exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN
 
-        if type1_value in self.NESTED_TYPES:
-            return type1
-        if type2_value in self.NESTED_TYPES:
-            return type2
+        return type2_value if type2_value in self.coerces_to.get(type1_value, {}) else type1_value
 
-        return type2_value if type2_value in self.coerces_to.get(type1_value, {}) else type1_value  # type: ignore
-
-    # Note: the following "no_type_check" decorators were added because mypy was yelling due
-    # to assigning Type values to expression.type (since its getter returns Optional[DataType]).
-    # This is a known mypy issue: https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/3004
-
-    @t.no_type_check
     def _annotate_binary(self, expression: B) -> B:
         self._annotate_args(expression)
 
         left, right = expression.left, expression.right
-        left_type, right_type = left.type.this, right.type.this
+        left_type, right_type = left.type.this, right.type.this  # type: ignore
 
         if isinstance(expression, exp.Connector):
             if left_type == exp.DataType.Type.NULL and right_type == exp.DataType.Type.NULL:
@@ -465,7 +456,6 @@ def _annotate_binary(self, expression: B) -> B:
 
         return expression
 
-    @t.no_type_check
     def _annotate_unary(self, expression: E) -> E:
         self._annotate_args(expression)
 
@@ -476,7 +466,6 @@ def _annotate_unary(self, expression: E) -> E:
 
         return expression
 
-    @t.no_type_check
     def _annotate_literal(self, expression: exp.Literal) -> exp.Literal:
         if expression.is_string:
             self._set_type(expression, exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
@@ -487,33 +476,17 @@ def _annotate_literal(self, expression: exp.Literal) -> exp.Literal:
 
         return expression
 
-    @t.no_type_check
     def _annotate_with_type(self, expression: E, target_type: exp.DataType.Type) -> E:
         self._set_type(expression, target_type)
         return self._annotate_args(expression)
 
-    @t.no_type_check
-    def _annotate_struct_value(
-        self, expression: exp.Expression
-    ) -> t.Optional[exp.DataType] | exp.ColumnDef:
-        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
-        if alias:
-            return exp.ColumnDef(this=alias.copy(), kind=expression.type)
-
-        # Case: key = value or key := value
-        if expression.expression:
-            return exp.ColumnDef(this=expression.this.copy(), kind=expression.expression.type)
-
-        return expression.type
-
     @t.no_type_check
     def _annotate_by_args(
         self,
         expression: E,
         *args: str,
         promote: bool = False,
         array: bool = False,
-        struct: bool = False,
     ) -> E:
         self._annotate_args(expression)
 
@@ -549,16 +522,6 @@ def _annotate_by_args(
                 ),
             )
 
-        if struct:
-            self._set_type(
-                expression,
-                exp.DataType(
-                    this=exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT,
-                    expressions=[self._annotate_struct_value(expr) for expr in expressions],
-                    nested=True,
-                ),
-            )
-
         return expression
 
     def _annotate_timeunit(
@@ -638,3 +601,68 @@ def _annotate_unnest(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> exp.Unnest:
         child = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
         self._set_type(expression, child and seq_get(child.type.expressions, 0))
         return expression
+
+    def _annotate_struct_value(
+        self, expression: exp.Expression
+    ) -> t.Optional[exp.DataType] | exp.ColumnDef:
+        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
+        if alias:
+            return exp.ColumnDef(this=alias.copy(), kind=expression.type)
+
+        # Case: key = value or key := value
+        if expression.expression:
+            return exp.ColumnDef(this=expression.this.copy(), kind=expression.expression.type)
+
+        return expression.type
+
+    def _annotate_struct(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> exp.Struct:
+        self._annotate_args(expression)
+        self._set_type(
+            expression,
+            exp.DataType(
+                this=exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT,
+                expressions=[self._annotate_struct_value(expr) for expr in expression.expressions],
+                nested=True,
+            ),
+        )
+        return expression
+
+    @t.overload
+    def _annotate_map(self, expression: exp.Map) -> exp.Map: ...
+
+    @t.overload
+    def _annotate_map(self, expression: exp.VarMap) -> exp.VarMap: ...
+
+    def _annotate_map(self, expression):
+        self._annotate_args(expression)
+
+        keys = expression.args.get("keys")
+        values = expression.args.get("values")
+
+        map_type = exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.MAP)
+        if isinstance(keys, exp.Array) and isinstance(values, exp.Array):
+            key_type = seq_get(keys.type.expressions, 0) or exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN
+            value_type = seq_get(values.type.expressions, 0) or exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN
+
+            if key_type != exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN and value_type != exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN:
+                map_type.set("expressions", [key_type, value_type])
+                map_type.set("nested", True)
+
+        self._set_type(expression, map_type)
+        return expression
+
+    def _annotate_to_map(self, expression: exp.ToMap) -> exp.ToMap:
+        self._annotate_args(expression)
+
+        map_type = exp.DataType(this=exp.DataType.Type.MAP)
+        arg = expression.this
+        if arg.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
+            for coldef in arg.type.expressions:
+                kind = coldef.kind
+                if kind != exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN:
+                    map_type.set("expressions", [exp.DataType.build("varchar"), kind])
+                    map_type.set("nested", True)
+                    break
+
+        self._set_type(expression, map_type)
+        return expression

sqlglot/parser.py

@@ -4789,7 +4789,7 @@ def _parse_primary_key(
     def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
         return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_conjunction(), explicit=True))
 
-    def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression]) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
+    def _parse_bracket(self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
         if not self._match_set((TokenType.L_BRACKET, TokenType.L_BRACE)):
             return this
 

tests/dialects/test_duckdb.py

@@ -238,6 +238,8 @@ def test_duckdb(self):
             parse_one("a // b", read="duckdb").assert_is(exp.IntDiv).sql(dialect="duckdb"), "a // b"
         )
 
+        self.validate_identity("SELECT MAP(['key1', 'key2', 'key3'], [10, 20, 30])")
+        self.validate_identity("SELECT MAP {'x': 1}")
         self.validate_identity("SELECT df1.*, df2.* FROM df1 POSITIONAL JOIN df2")
         self.validate_identity("MAKE_TIMESTAMP(1992, 9, 20, 13, 34, 27.123456)")
         self.validate_identity("MAKE_TIMESTAMP(1667810584123456)")

tests/test_optimizer.py

@@ -1119,6 +1119,21 @@ def test_unnest_annotation(self):
             exp.DataType.build("date"),
         )
 
+    def test_map_annotation(self):
+        # ToMap annotation
+        expression = annotate_types(parse_one("SELECT MAP {'x': 1}", read="duckdb"))
+        self.assertEqual(expression.selects[0].type, exp.DataType.build("MAP(VARCHAR, INT)"))
+
+        # Map annotation
+        expression = annotate_types(
+            parse_one("SELECT MAP(['key1', 'key2', 'key3'], [10, 20, 30])", read="duckdb")
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(expression.selects[0].type, exp.DataType.build("MAP(VARCHAR, INT)"))
+
+        # VarMap annotation
+        expression = annotate_types(parse_one("SELECT MAP('a', 'b')", read="spark"))
+        self.assertEqual(expression.selects[0].type, exp.DataType.build("MAP(VARCHAR, VARCHAR)"))
+
     def test_recursive_cte(self):
         query = parse_one(
             """