- remove errstr stuff, use exception instead.

- do not pass template path at creating new instance.

eg/sinatraish/lib/Sinatraish.pm

@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ has res => (
 sub render {
     my ($self, $path, @args) = @_;
 
-    my $tfall = "Tfall::$view_class"->new($path, @view_opt);
-    my $html = $tfall->render(@args) or die $tfall->errstr;
+    my $tfall = "Tfall::$view_class"->new(@view_opt);
+    my $html = $tfall->render($path, @args) or die $tfall->errstr;
     $self->res->header('Content-Length' => length($html));
     $self->res->body($html);
 }

lib/Tfall.pm

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ sub new {
             $loaded{$klass}++ or do {
                 $klass->use or die $@;
             };
-            return $klass->new($path, @args);
+            my $tmpl = $klass->new(@args);
+            return bless { tmpl => $tmpl, path => $path}, $class;
         } else {
             Carp::croak("Cannot detect file type from file name: $path");
         }
@@ -31,6 +32,16 @@ sub new {
     }
 }
 
+sub render {
+    my ($self, @args) = @_;
+    return $self->{tmpl}->render($self->{path}, @args);
+}
+
+sub errstr {
+    my ($self) = @_;
+    $self->{tmpl}->errstr;
+}
+
 sub is_registered {
     my ($class, $ext) = @_;
     return exists $MAP->{lc $ext};

lib/Tfall/HTML/Template.pm

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 package Tfall::HTML::Template;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use HTML::Template;
-use Try::Tiny;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my %args = @_ == 1 ? %{$_[0]} : @_;
+    bless {%args}, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, $args) = @_;
-    try {
-        my $type = ref $self->{stuff} ? 'scalarref' : 'filename';
-        my $ht = HTML::Template->new($type => $self->{stuff}, @{$self->{args}});
-        while (my ($k, $v) = each %$args) {
-            $ht->param($k => $v);
-        }
-        return $ht->output();
-    } catch {
-        $self->errstr($_);
-        return undef;
-    };
+    my ($self, $stuff, $args) = @_;
+
+    my $type = ref $stuff ? 'scalarref' : 'filename';
+    my $ht = HTML::Template->new($type => $stuff, %$self);
+    while (my ($k, $v) = each %$args) {
+        $ht->param($k => $v);
+    }
+    return $ht->output();
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/TT.pm

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 package Tfall::TT;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use Template;
 
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+
+    my $tt = Template->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        tt => $tt,
+    }, $class;
+}
+
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
 
-    my $tt = Template->new(@{$self->{args}});
-    $tt->process( $self->{stuff}, @args, \my $out )
-      or do { $self->errstr( $tt->error ); return };
+    $self->{tt}->process( $stuff, @args, \my $out )
+      or do { $self->errstr( $self->{tt}->error ); return };
     $out;
 }
 

lib/Tfall/Template/Semantic.pm

@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
 package Tfall::Template::Semantic;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use Template::Semantic;
-use Try::Tiny;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $ts = Template::Semantic->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        ts => $ts,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
-    try {
-        my $ts = Template::Semantic->new(@{$self->{args}});
-        $ts->process( $self->{stuff}, @args);
-    } catch {
-        $self->errstr($_);
-        return undef;
-    };
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
+    $self->{ts}->process( $stuff, @args);
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Text/Markdown.pm

@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 package Tfall::Text::Markdown;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use Text::Markdown;
+use Tfall::Util qw/slurp/;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $mkdn = Text::Markdown->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        mkdn => $mkdn,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
-    if (defined (my $src = $self->slurp)) {
-        return Text::Markdown->new(@{ $self->args })->markdown($src);
-    } else {
-        return undef;
-    }
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
+    my $src = slurp($stuff);
+    return $self->{mkdn}->markdown($src);
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Text/MicroMason.pm

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 package Tfall::Text::MicroMason;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent 'Tfall::Base';
 use Text::MicroMason;
-use Try::Tiny;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $mason = Text::MicroMason->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        mason => $mason,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
 
-    try {
-        my $mason = Text::MicroMason->new(@{$self->args});
-        $mason->execute(
-            (ref $self->stuff ? ('text' => ${$self->stuff}) : ('file' => $self->stuff)),
-            @args
-        );
-    } catch {
-        $self->errstr($_);
-        return undef;
-    }
+    $self->{mason}->execute(
+        (ref $stuff ? ('text' => ${$stuff}) : ('file' => $stuff)),
+        @args
+    );
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Text/MicroTemplate/File.pm

@@ -1,24 +1,26 @@
 package Tfall::Text::MicroTemplate::File;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent 'Tfall::Base';
 use Text::MicroTemplate::File;
-use Try::Tiny;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $mtf = Text::MicroTemplate::File->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        mtf => $mtf,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
-    my $mtf = Text::MicroTemplate::File->new(@{$self->{args}});
-    try {
-        if (ref $self->stuff) {
-            $mtf->parse(${$self->stuff});
-            $mtf->build()->(@args);
-        } else {
-            $mtf->render_file($self->stuff, @args);
-        }
-    } catch {
-        $self->errstr($_);
-        return undef;
-    };
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
+
+    my $mtf = $self->{mtf};
+    if (ref $stuff) {
+        $mtf->parse(${$stuff});
+        $mtf->build()->(@args);
+    } else {
+        $mtf->render_file($stuff, @args);
+    }
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Text/Sass.pm

@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
 package Tfall::Text::Sass;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use Text::Sass;
+use Tfall::Util qw/slurp/;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+    my $sass = Text::Sass->new();
+    bless {
+        sass => $sass,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
-    my ($self, @args) = @_;
-    if (defined (my $src = $self->slurp)) {
-        my $sass = Text::Sass->new();
-        return $sass->sass2css($src);
-    } else {
-        return undef;
-    }
+    my ($self, $stuff, @args) = @_;
+    my $sass = $self->{sass};
+    my $src = slurp($stuff);
+    return $sass->sass2css($src);
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Text/Xslate.pm

@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 package Tfall::Text::Xslate;
 use strict;
 use warnings;
-use parent qw/Tfall::Base/;
 use Text::Xslate;
-use Try::Tiny;
+
+sub new {
+    my $class = shift;
+
+    my $xslate = Text::Xslate->new(@_);
+    bless {
+        xslate => $xslate,
+    }, $class;
+}
 
 sub render {
     my ($self, @args) = @_;
 
-    my $tt = Text::Xslate->new(@{$self->{args}});
-    my $out;
-    try {
-        my $out = $tt->process( $self->{stuff}, @args );
-    } catch {
-        $self->errstr( $_ );
-    };
-    $out;
+    return $self->{xslate}->render(@args);
 }
 
 1;

lib/Tfall/Util.pm

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+package Tfall::Util;
+use strict;
+use warnings;
+use Exporter 'import';
+
+our @EXPORT = qw/slurp/;
+
+sub slurp {
+    my $stuff = shift;
+    return ${$stuff} if ref $stuff;
+
+    open my $fh, '<', $stuff or do {
+        die "Cannot open file '@{[ $stuff ]}': $!";
+    };
+    do { local $/; <$fh> };
+}
+
+1;

t/020_templates/01_tt.t

@@ -9,19 +9,21 @@ use Tfall;
     is $tmpl->render({name => 'john'}), "Hello, john.\n";
 }
 {
-    my $tmpl = Tfall->new('t/tmpl/unknown.tt');
-    is $tmpl->render({name => 'john'}), undef;
-    ok $tmpl->errstr();
+    eval {
+        my $tmpl = Tfall->new('t/tmpl/unknown.tt');
+        is $tmpl->render({name => 'john'}), undef;
+    };
+    ok $@;
 }
 
 {
-    my $tmpl = Tfall::TT->new('t/tmpl/foo.tt');
-    is $tmpl->render({name => 'john'}), "Hello, john.\n";
+    my $tmpl = Tfall::TT->new();
+    is $tmpl->render('t/tmpl/foo.tt', {name => 'john'}), "Hello, john.\n";
 }
 
 {
-    my $tmpl = Tfall::TT->new(\"Hello, [% name %].");
-    is $tmpl->render({name => 'john'}), "Hello, john.";
+    my $tmpl = Tfall::TT->new();
+    is $tmpl->render(\"Hello, [% name %].", {name => 'john'}), "Hello, john.";
 }
 
 done_testing;