feat(core): add tsc to CI checks, prepush, and dynamic checks workflow

[jakehamtexas]

GitHub Issue (if applicable): #XXX

Explanation of Bugfix/Feature/Modification:
This PR:

• Adds tsc to the checks done against code in CI
• Creates a dynamic framework for adding and running check scripts in precommit, prepush, and GitHub CI

If this is accepted, the required workflows for the protected main branch should be changed to refer to checks.yml exclusively. Any new checks can be managed using the framework (documented in the README), and additional overhead of managing future branch protection rules for required workflows can be eliminated.

[joshmadewell]

this seeems reasonable, thanks!