tcp_timer.c

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
 * INET		An implementation of the TCP/IP protocol suite for the LINUX
 *		operating system.  INET is implemented using the  BSD Socket
 *		interface as the means of communication with the user level.
 *
 *		Implementation of the Transmission Control Protocol(TCP).
 *
 * Authors:	Ross Biro
 *		Fred N. van Kempen, <waltje@uWalt.NL.Mugnet.ORG>
 *		Mark Evans, <evansmp@uhura.aston.ac.uk>
 *		Corey Minyard <wf-rch!minyard@relay.EU.net>
 *		Florian La Roche, <flla@stud.uni-sb.de>
 *		Charles Hedrick, <hedrick@klinzhai.rutgers.edu>
 *		Linus Torvalds, <torvalds@cs.helsinki.fi>
 *		Alan Cox, <gw4pts@gw4pts.ampr.org>
 *		Matthew Dillon, <dillon@apollo.west.oic.com>
 *		Arnt Gulbrandsen, <agulbra@nvg.unit.no>
 *		Jorge Cwik, <jorge@laser.satlink.net>
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <net/tcp.h>
#include <net/rstreason.h>

static u32 tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk)
{
	const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	u32 elapsed, user_timeout;
	s32 remaining;

	user_timeout = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout);
	if (!user_timeout)
		return icsk->icsk_rto;

	elapsed = tcp_time_stamp_ts(tp) - tp->retrans_stamp;
	if (tp->tcp_usec_ts)
		elapsed /= USEC_PER_MSEC;

	remaining = user_timeout - elapsed;
	if (remaining <= 0)
		return 1; /* user timeout has passed; fire ASAP */

	return min_t(u32, icsk->icsk_rto, msecs_to_jiffies(remaining));
}

u32 tcp_clamp_probe0_to_user_timeout(const struct sock *sk, u32 when)
{
	const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	u32 remaining, user_timeout;
	s32 elapsed;

	user_timeout = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout);
	if (!user_timeout || !icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp)
		return when;

	elapsed = tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp;
	if (unlikely(elapsed < 0))
		elapsed = 0;
	remaining = msecs_to_jiffies(user_timeout) - elapsed;
	remaining = max_t(u32, remaining, TCP_TIMEOUT_MIN);

	return min_t(u32, remaining, when);
}

/**
 *  tcp_write_err() - close socket and save error info
 *  @sk:  The socket the error has appeared on.
 *
 *  Returns: Nothing (void)
 */

static void tcp_write_err(struct sock *sk)
{
	tcp_done_with_error(sk, READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) ? : ETIMEDOUT);
	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONTIMEOUT);
}

/**
 *  tcp_out_of_resources() - Close socket if out of resources
 *  @sk:        pointer to current socket
 *  @do_reset:  send a last packet with reset flag
 *
 *  Do not allow orphaned sockets to eat all our resources.
 *  This is direct violation of TCP specs, but it is required
 *  to prevent DoS attacks. It is called when a retransmission timeout
 *  or zero probe timeout occurs on orphaned socket.
 *
 *  Also close if our net namespace is exiting; in that case there is no
 *  hope of ever communicating again since all netns interfaces are already
 *  down (or about to be down), and we need to release our dst references,
 *  which have been moved to the netns loopback interface, so the namespace
 *  can finish exiting.  This condition is only possible if we are a kernel
 *  socket, as those do not hold references to the namespace.
 *
 *  Criteria is still not confirmed experimentally and may change.
 *  We kill the socket, if:
 *  1. If number of orphaned sockets exceeds an administratively configured
 *     limit.
 *  2. If we have strong memory pressure.
 *  3. If our net namespace is exiting.
 */
static int tcp_out_of_resources(struct sock *sk, bool do_reset)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	int shift = 0;

	/* If peer does not open window for long time, or did not transmit
	 * anything for long time, penalize it. */
	if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) > 2*TCP_RTO_MAX || !do_reset)
		shift++;

	/* If some dubious ICMP arrived, penalize even more. */
	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft))
		shift++;

	if (tcp_check_oom(sk, shift)) {
		/* Catch exceptional cases, when connection requires reset.
		 *      1. Last segment was sent recently. */
		if ((s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - tp->lsndtime) <= TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN ||
		    /*  2. Window is closed. */
		    (!tp->snd_wnd && !tp->packets_out))
			do_reset = true;
		if (do_reset)
			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC,
					      SK_RST_REASON_TCP_ABORT_ON_MEMORY);
		tcp_done(sk);
		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPABORTONMEMORY);
		return 1;
	}

	if (!check_net(sock_net(sk))) {
		/* Not possible to send reset; just close */
		tcp_done(sk);
		return 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 *  tcp_orphan_retries() - Returns maximal number of retries on an orphaned socket
 *  @sk:    Pointer to the current socket.
 *  @alive: bool, socket alive state
 */
static int tcp_orphan_retries(struct sock *sk, bool alive)
{
	int retries = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_orphan_retries); /* May be zero. */

	/* We know from an ICMP that something is wrong. */
	if (READ_ONCE(sk->sk_err_soft) && !alive)
		retries = 0;

	/* However, if socket sent something recently, select some safe
	 * number of retries. 8 corresponds to >100 seconds with minimal
	 * RTO of 200msec. */
	if (retries == 0 && alive)
		retries = 8;
	return retries;
}

static void tcp_mtu_probing(struct inet_connection_sock *icsk, struct sock *sk)
{
	const struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
	int mss;

	/* Black hole detection */
	if (!READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probing))
		return;

	if (!icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled) {
		icsk->icsk_mtup.enabled = 1;
		icsk->icsk_mtup.probe_timestamp = tcp_jiffies32;
	} else {
		mss = tcp_mtu_to_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low) >> 1;
		mss = min(READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_base_mss), mss);
		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_mtu_probe_floor));
		mss = max(mss, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_min_snd_mss));
		icsk->icsk_mtup.search_low = tcp_mss_to_mtu(sk, mss);
	}
	tcp_sync_mss(sk, icsk->icsk_pmtu_cookie);
}

static unsigned int tcp_model_timeout(struct sock *sk,
				      unsigned int boundary,
				      unsigned int rto_base)
{
	unsigned int linear_backoff_thresh, timeout;

	linear_backoff_thresh = ilog2(TCP_RTO_MAX / rto_base);
	if (boundary <= linear_backoff_thresh)
		timeout = ((2 << boundary) - 1) * rto_base;
	else
		timeout = ((2 << linear_backoff_thresh) - 1) * rto_base +
			(boundary - linear_backoff_thresh) * TCP_RTO_MAX;
	return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
}
/**
 *  retransmits_timed_out() - returns true if this connection has timed out
 *  @sk:       The current socket
 *  @boundary: max number of retransmissions
 *  @timeout:  A custom timeout value.
 *             If set to 0 the default timeout is calculated and used.
 *             Using TCP_RTO_MIN and the number of unsuccessful retransmits.
 *
 * The default "timeout" value this function can calculate and use
 * is equivalent to the timeout of a TCP Connection
 * after "boundary" unsuccessful, exponentially backed-off
 * retransmissions with an initial RTO of TCP_RTO_MIN.
 */
static bool retransmits_timed_out(struct sock *sk,
				  unsigned int boundary,
				  unsigned int timeout)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	unsigned int start_ts, delta;

	if (!inet_csk(sk)->icsk_retransmits)
		return false;

	start_ts = tp->retrans_stamp;
	if (likely(timeout == 0)) {
		unsigned int rto_base = TCP_RTO_MIN;

		if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))
			rto_base = tcp_timeout_init(sk);
		timeout = tcp_model_timeout(sk, boundary, rto_base);
	}

	if (tp->tcp_usec_ts) {
		/* delta maybe off up to a jiffy due to timer granularity. */
		delta = tp->tcp_mstamp - start_ts + jiffies_to_usecs(1);
		return (s32)(delta - timeout * USEC_PER_MSEC) >= 0;
	}
	return (s32)(tcp_time_stamp_ts(tp) - start_ts - timeout) >= 0;
}

/* A write timeout has occurred. Process the after effects. */
static int tcp_write_timeout(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
	bool expired = false, do_reset;
	int retry_until, max_retransmits;

	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV)) {
		if (icsk->icsk_retransmits)
			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
		/* Paired with WRITE_ONCE() in tcp_sock_set_syncnt() */
		retry_until = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_syn_retries) ? :
			READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_retries);

		max_retransmits = retry_until;
		if (sk->sk_state == TCP_SYN_SENT)
			max_retransmits += READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_linear_timeouts);

		expired = icsk->icsk_retransmits >= max_retransmits;
	} else {
		if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1), 0)) {
			/* Black hole detection */
			tcp_mtu_probing(icsk, sk);

			__dst_negative_advice(sk);
		}

		retry_until = READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
		if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
			const bool alive = icsk->icsk_rto < TCP_RTO_MAX;

			retry_until = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
			do_reset = alive ||
				!retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until, 0);

			if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, do_reset))
				return 1;
		}
	}
	if (!expired)
		expired = retransmits_timed_out(sk, retry_until,
						READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout));
	tcp_fastopen_active_detect_blackhole(sk, expired);
	mptcp_active_detect_blackhole(sk, expired);

	if (BPF_SOCK_OPS_TEST_FLAG(tp, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB_FLAG))
		tcp_call_bpf_3arg(sk, BPF_SOCK_OPS_RTO_CB,
				  icsk->icsk_retransmits,
				  icsk->icsk_rto, (int)expired);

	if (expired) {
		/* Has it gone just too far? */
		tcp_write_err(sk);
		return 1;
	}

	if (sk_rethink_txhash(sk)) {
		tp->timeout_rehash++;
		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTREHASH);
	}

	return 0;
}

/* Called with BH disabled */
void tcp_delack_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
		return;

	/* Handling the sack compression case */
	if (tp->compressed_ack) {
		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
		tcp_sack_compress_send_ack(sk);
		return;
	}

	if (!(icsk->icsk_ack.pending & ICSK_ACK_TIMER))
		return;

	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_ack.timeout, jiffies)) {
		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_delack_timer, icsk->icsk_ack.timeout);
		return;
	}
	icsk->icsk_ack.pending &= ~ICSK_ACK_TIMER;

	if (inet_csk_ack_scheduled(sk)) {
		if (!inet_csk_in_pingpong_mode(sk)) {
			/* Delayed ACK missed: inflate ATO. */
			icsk->icsk_ack.ato = min_t(u32, icsk->icsk_ack.ato << 1, icsk->icsk_rto);
		} else {
			/* Delayed ACK missed: leave pingpong mode and
			 * deflate ATO.
			 */
			inet_csk_exit_pingpong_mode(sk);
			icsk->icsk_ack.ato      = TCP_ATO_MIN;
		}
		tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
		tcp_send_ack(sk);
		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKS);
	}
}


/**
 *  tcp_delack_timer() - The TCP delayed ACK timeout handler
 *  @t:  Pointer to the timer. (gets casted to struct sock *)
 *
 *  This function gets (indirectly) called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
 *  of this socket expires. Calls tcp_delack_timer_handler() to do the actual work.
 *
 *  Returns: Nothing (void)
 */
static void tcp_delack_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_delack_timer);
	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;

	bh_lock_sock(sk);
	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
		tcp_delack_timer_handler(sk);
	} else {
		__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_DELAYEDACKLOCKED);
		/* deleguate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
			sock_hold(sk);
	}
	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
	sock_put(sk);
}

static void tcp_probe_timer(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct sk_buff *skb = tcp_send_head(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	int max_probes;

	if (tp->packets_out || !skb) {
		icsk->icsk_probes_out = 0;
		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = 0;
		return;
	}

	/* RFC 1122 4.2.2.17 requires the sender to stay open indefinitely as
	 * long as the receiver continues to respond probes. We support this by
	 * default and reset icsk_probes_out with incoming ACKs. But if the
	 * socket is orphaned or the user specifies TCP_USER_TIMEOUT, we
	 * kill the socket when the retry count and the time exceeds the
	 * corresponding system limit. We also implement similar policy when
	 * we use RTO to probe window in tcp_retransmit_timer().
	 */
	if (!icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp) {
		icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp = tcp_jiffies32;
	} else {
		u32 user_timeout = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout);

		if (user_timeout &&
		    (s32)(tcp_jiffies32 - icsk->icsk_probes_tstamp) >=
		     msecs_to_jiffies(user_timeout))
			goto abort;
	}
	max_probes = READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries2);
	if (sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
		const bool alive = inet_csk_rto_backoff(icsk, TCP_RTO_MAX) < TCP_RTO_MAX;

		max_probes = tcp_orphan_retries(sk, alive);
		if (!alive && icsk->icsk_backoff >= max_probes)
			goto abort;
		if (tcp_out_of_resources(sk, true))
			return;
	}

	if (icsk->icsk_probes_out >= max_probes) {
abort:		tcp_write_err(sk);
	} else {
		/* Only send another probe if we didn't close things up. */
		tcp_send_probe0(sk);
	}
}

static void tcp_update_rto_stats(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);

	if (!icsk->icsk_retransmits) {
		tp->total_rto_recoveries++;
		tp->rto_stamp = tcp_time_stamp_ms(tp);
	}
	icsk->icsk_retransmits++;
	tp->total_rto++;
}

/*
 *	Timer for Fast Open socket to retransmit SYNACK. Note that the
 *	sk here is the child socket, not the parent (listener) socket.
 */
static void tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(struct sock *sk, struct request_sock *req)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	int max_retries;

	req->rsk_ops->syn_ack_timeout(req);

	/* Add one more retry for fastopen.
	 * Paired with WRITE_ONCE() in tcp_sock_set_syncnt()
	 */
	max_retries = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_syn_retries) ? :
		READ_ONCE(sock_net(sk)->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_synack_retries) + 1;

	if (req->num_timeout >= max_retries) {
		tcp_write_err(sk);
		return;
	}
	/* Lower cwnd after certain SYNACK timeout like tcp_init_transfer() */
	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 1)
		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
	/* XXX (TFO) - Unlike regular SYN-ACK retransmit, we ignore error
	 * returned from rtx_syn_ack() to make it more persistent like
	 * regular retransmit because if the child socket has been accepted
	 * it's not good to give up too easily.
	 */
	inet_rtx_syn_ack(sk, req);
	req->num_timeout++;
	tcp_update_rto_stats(sk);
	if (!tp->retrans_stamp)
		tp->retrans_stamp = tcp_time_stamp_ts(tp);
	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
			  req->timeout << req->num_timeout, TCP_RTO_MAX);
}

static bool tcp_rtx_probe0_timed_out(const struct sock *sk,
				     const struct sk_buff *skb,
				     u32 rtx_delta)
{
	const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	u32 user_timeout = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout);
	const struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	int timeout = TCP_RTO_MAX * 2;
	s32 rcv_delta;

	if (user_timeout) {
		/* If user application specified a TCP_USER_TIMEOUT,
		 * it does not want win 0 packets to 'reset the timer'
		 * while retransmits are not making progress.
		 */
		if (rtx_delta > user_timeout)
			return true;
		timeout = min_t(u32, timeout, msecs_to_jiffies(user_timeout));
	}
	/* Note: timer interrupt might have been delayed by at least one jiffy,
	 * and tp->rcv_tstamp might very well have been written recently.
	 * rcv_delta can thus be negative.
	 */
	rcv_delta = icsk->icsk_timeout - tp->rcv_tstamp;
	if (rcv_delta <= timeout)
		return false;

	return msecs_to_jiffies(rtx_delta) > timeout;
}

/**
 *  tcp_retransmit_timer() - The TCP retransmit timeout handler
 *  @sk:  Pointer to the current socket.
 *
 *  This function gets called when the kernel timer for a TCP packet
 *  of this socket expires.
 *
 *  It handles retransmission, timer adjustment and other necessary measures.
 *
 *  Returns: Nothing (void)
 */
void tcp_retransmit_timer(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	struct net *net = sock_net(sk);
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct request_sock *req;
	struct sk_buff *skb;

	req = rcu_dereference_protected(tp->fastopen_rsk,
					lockdep_sock_is_held(sk));
	if (req) {
		WARN_ON_ONCE(sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_RECV &&
			     sk->sk_state != TCP_FIN_WAIT1);
		tcp_fastopen_synack_timer(sk, req);
		/* Before we receive ACK to our SYN-ACK don't retransmit
		 * anything else (e.g., data or FIN segments).
		 */
		return;
	}

	if (!tp->packets_out)
		return;

	skb = tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk);
	if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!skb))
		return;

	if (!tp->snd_wnd && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD) &&
	    !((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_SYN_SENT | TCPF_SYN_RECV))) {
		/* Receiver dastardly shrinks window. Our retransmits
		 * become zero probes, but we should not timeout this
		 * connection. If the socket is an orphan, time it out,
		 * we cannot allow such beasts to hang infinitely.
		 */
		struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk);
		u32 rtx_delta;

		rtx_delta = tcp_time_stamp_ts(tp) - (tp->retrans_stamp ?: 
				tcp_skb_timestamp_ts(tp->tcp_usec_ts, skb));
		if (tp->tcp_usec_ts)
			rtx_delta /= USEC_PER_MSEC;

		if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET) {
			net_dbg_ratelimited("Probing zero-window on %pI4:%u/%u, seq=%u:%u, recv %ums ago, lasting %ums\n",
				&inet->inet_daddr, ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
				inet->inet_num, tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt,
				jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - tp->rcv_tstamp),
				rtx_delta);
		}
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IPV6)
		else if (sk->sk_family == AF_INET6) {
			net_dbg_ratelimited("Probing zero-window on %pI6:%u/%u, seq=%u:%u, recv %ums ago, lasting %ums\n",
				&sk->sk_v6_daddr, ntohs(inet->inet_dport),
				inet->inet_num, tp->snd_una, tp->snd_nxt,
				jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - tp->rcv_tstamp),
				rtx_delta);
		}
#endif
		if (tcp_rtx_probe0_timed_out(sk, skb, rtx_delta)) {
			tcp_write_err(sk);
			goto out;
		}
		tcp_enter_loss(sk);
		tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, skb, 1);
		__sk_dst_reset(sk);
		goto out_reset_timer;
	}

	__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
	if (tcp_write_timeout(sk))
		goto out;

	if (icsk->icsk_retransmits == 0) {
		int mib_idx = 0;

		if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Recovery) {
			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKRECOVERYFAIL;
			else
				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENORECOVERYFAIL;
		} else if (icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Loss) {
			mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPLOSSFAILURES;
		} else if ((icsk->icsk_ca_state == TCP_CA_Disorder) ||
			   tp->sacked_out) {
			if (tcp_is_sack(tp))
				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPSACKFAILURES;
			else
				mib_idx = LINUX_MIB_TCPRENOFAILURES;
		}
		if (mib_idx)
			__NET_INC_STATS(sock_net(sk), mib_idx);
	}

	tcp_enter_loss(sk);

	tcp_update_rto_stats(sk);
	if (tcp_retransmit_skb(sk, tcp_rtx_queue_head(sk), 1) > 0) {
		/* Retransmission failed because of local congestion,
		 * Let senders fight for local resources conservatively.
		 */
		inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
					  TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL,
					  TCP_RTO_MAX);
		goto out;
	}

	/* Increase the timeout each time we retransmit.  Note that
	 * we do not increase the rtt estimate.  rto is initialized
	 * from rtt, but increases here.  Jacobson (SIGCOMM 88) suggests
	 * that doubling rto each time is the least we can get away with.
	 * In KA9Q, Karn uses this for the first few times, and then
	 * goes to quadratic.  netBSD doubles, but only goes up to *64,
	 * and clamps at 1 to 64 sec afterwards.  Note that 120 sec is
	 * defined in the protocol as the maximum possible RTT.  I guess
	 * we'll have to use something other than TCP to talk to the
	 * University of Mars.
	 *
	 * PAWS allows us longer timeouts and large windows, so once
	 * implemented ftp to mars will work nicely. We will have to fix
	 * the 120 second clamps though!
	 */

out_reset_timer:
	/* If stream is thin, use linear timeouts. Since 'icsk_backoff' is
	 * used to reset timer, set to 0. Recalculate 'icsk_rto' as this
	 * might be increased if the stream oscillates between thin and thick,
	 * thus the old value might already be too high compared to the value
	 * set by 'tcp_set_rto' in tcp_input.c which resets the rto without
	 * backoff. Limit to TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES before initiating
	 * exponential backoff behaviour to avoid continue hammering
	 * linear-timeout retransmissions into a black hole
	 */
	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_ESTABLISHED &&
	    (tp->thin_lto || READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_thin_linear_timeouts)) &&
	    tcp_stream_is_thin(tp) &&
	    icsk->icsk_retransmits <= TCP_THIN_LINEAR_RETRIES) {
		icsk->icsk_backoff = 0;
		icsk->icsk_rto = clamp(__tcp_set_rto(tp),
				       tcp_rto_min(sk),
				       TCP_RTO_MAX);
	} else if (sk->sk_state != TCP_SYN_SENT ||
		   tp->total_rto >
		   READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_syn_linear_timeouts)) {
		/* Use normal (exponential) backoff unless linear timeouts are
		 * activated.
		 */
		icsk->icsk_backoff++;
		icsk->icsk_rto = min(icsk->icsk_rto << 1, TCP_RTO_MAX);
	}
	inet_csk_reset_xmit_timer(sk, ICSK_TIME_RETRANS,
				  tcp_clamp_rto_to_user_timeout(sk), TCP_RTO_MAX);
	if (retransmits_timed_out(sk, READ_ONCE(net->ipv4.sysctl_tcp_retries1) + 1, 0))
		__sk_dst_reset(sk);

out:;
}

/* Called with bottom-half processing disabled.
   Called by tcp_write_timer() */
void tcp_write_timer_handler(struct sock *sk)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	int event;

	if (((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN)) ||
	    !icsk->icsk_pending)
		return;

	if (time_after(icsk->icsk_timeout, jiffies)) {
		sk_reset_timer(sk, &icsk->icsk_retransmit_timer, icsk->icsk_timeout);
		return;
	}

	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tcp_sk(sk));
	event = icsk->icsk_pending;

	switch (event) {
	case ICSK_TIME_REO_TIMEOUT:
		tcp_rack_reo_timeout(sk);
		break;
	case ICSK_TIME_LOSS_PROBE:
		tcp_send_loss_probe(sk);
		break;
	case ICSK_TIME_RETRANS:
		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
		tcp_retransmit_timer(sk);
		break;
	case ICSK_TIME_PROBE0:
		icsk->icsk_pending = 0;
		tcp_probe_timer(sk);
		break;
	}
}

static void tcp_write_timer(struct timer_list *t)
{
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk =
			from_timer(icsk, t, icsk_retransmit_timer);
	struct sock *sk = &icsk->icsk_inet.sk;

	bh_lock_sock(sk);
	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
		tcp_write_timer_handler(sk);
	} else {
		/* delegate our work to tcp_release_cb() */
		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_WRITE_TIMER_DEFERRED, &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
			sock_hold(sk);
	}
	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
	sock_put(sk);
}

void tcp_syn_ack_timeout(const struct request_sock *req)
{
	struct net *net = read_pnet(&inet_rsk(req)->ireq_net);

	__NET_INC_STATS(net, LINUX_MIB_TCPTIMEOUTS);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(tcp_syn_ack_timeout);

void tcp_set_keepalive(struct sock *sk, int val)
{
	if ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_LISTEN))
		return;

	if (val && !sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN))
		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer(sk, keepalive_time_when(tcp_sk(sk)));
	else if (!val)
		inet_csk_delete_keepalive_timer(sk);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(tcp_set_keepalive);


static void tcp_keepalive_timer (struct timer_list *t)
{
	struct sock *sk = from_timer(sk, t, sk_timer);
	struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk);
	struct tcp_sock *tp = tcp_sk(sk);
	u32 elapsed;

	/* Only process if socket is not in use. */
	bh_lock_sock(sk);
	if (sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
		/* Try again later. */
		inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, HZ/20);
		goto out;
	}

	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_LISTEN) {
		pr_err("Hmm... keepalive on a LISTEN ???\n");
		goto out;
	}

	tcp_mstamp_refresh(tp);
	if (sk->sk_state == TCP_FIN_WAIT2 && sock_flag(sk, SOCK_DEAD)) {
		if (READ_ONCE(tp->linger2) >= 0) {
			const int tmo = tcp_fin_time(sk) - TCP_TIMEWAIT_LEN;

			if (tmo > 0) {
				tcp_time_wait(sk, TCP_FIN_WAIT2, tmo);
				goto out;
			}
		}
		tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC, SK_RST_REASON_TCP_STATE);
		goto death;
	}

	if (!sock_flag(sk, SOCK_KEEPOPEN) ||
	    ((1 << sk->sk_state) & (TCPF_CLOSE | TCPF_SYN_SENT)))
		goto out;

	elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp);

	/* It is alive without keepalive 8) */
	if (tp->packets_out || !tcp_write_queue_empty(sk))
		goto resched;

	elapsed = keepalive_time_elapsed(tp);

	if (elapsed >= keepalive_time_when(tp)) {
		u32 user_timeout = READ_ONCE(icsk->icsk_user_timeout);

		/* If the TCP_USER_TIMEOUT option is enabled, use that
		 * to determine when to timeout instead.
		 */
		if ((user_timeout != 0 &&
		    elapsed >= msecs_to_jiffies(user_timeout) &&
		    icsk->icsk_probes_out > 0) ||
		    (user_timeout == 0 &&
		    icsk->icsk_probes_out >= keepalive_probes(tp))) {
			tcp_send_active_reset(sk, GFP_ATOMIC,
					      SK_RST_REASON_TCP_KEEPALIVE_TIMEOUT);
			tcp_write_err(sk);
			goto out;
		}
		if (tcp_write_wakeup(sk, LINUX_MIB_TCPKEEPALIVE) <= 0) {
			icsk->icsk_probes_out++;
			elapsed = keepalive_intvl_when(tp);
		} else {
			/* If keepalive was lost due to local congestion,
			 * try harder.
			 */
			elapsed = TCP_RESOURCE_PROBE_INTERVAL;
		}
	} else {
		/* It is tp->rcv_tstamp + keepalive_time_when(tp) */
		elapsed = keepalive_time_when(tp) - elapsed;
	}

resched:
	inet_csk_reset_keepalive_timer (sk, elapsed);
	goto out;

death:
	tcp_done(sk);

out:
	bh_unlock_sock(sk);
	sock_put(sk);
}

static enum hrtimer_restart tcp_compressed_ack_kick(struct hrtimer *timer)
{
	struct tcp_sock *tp = container_of(timer, struct tcp_sock, compressed_ack_timer);
	struct sock *sk = (struct sock *)tp;

	bh_lock_sock(sk);
	if (!sock_owned_by_user(sk)) {
		if (tp->compressed_ack) {
			/* Since we have to send one ack finally,
			 * subtract one from tp->compressed_ack to keep
			 * LINUX_MIB_TCPACKCOMPRESSED accurate.
			 */
			tp->compressed_ack--;
			tcp_send_ack(sk);
		}
	} else {
		if (!test_and_set_bit(TCP_DELACK_TIMER_DEFERRED,
				      &sk->sk_tsq_flags))
			sock_hold(sk);
	}
	bh_unlock_sock(sk);

	sock_put(sk);

	return HRTIMER_NORESTART;
}

void tcp_init_xmit_timers(struct sock *sk)
{
	inet_csk_init_xmit_timers(sk, &tcp_write_timer, &tcp_delack_timer,
				  &tcp_keepalive_timer);
	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
		     HRTIMER_MODE_ABS_PINNED_SOFT);
	tcp_sk(sk)->pacing_timer.function = tcp_pace_kick;

	hrtimer_init(&tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer, CLOCK_MONOTONIC,
		     HRTIMER_MODE_REL_PINNED_SOFT);
	tcp_sk(sk)->compressed_ack_timer.function = tcp_compressed_ack_kick;
}