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http.c
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http.c
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/*
ratproxy - HTTP request handling
--------------------------------
The following routines take care of HTTP request handling, parsing,
and error reporting.
Note that this code is one-shot, process is terminated when request
handling is done - and as such, we rely on the OS to do garbage
collection.
Author: Michal Zalewski <lcamtuf@google.com>
Copyright 2007, 2008 by Google Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <openssl/md5.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "config.h"
#include "types.h"
#include "debug.h"
#include "nlist.h"
#include "http.h"
#include "ssl.h"
#include "string-inl.h"
extern _u8* use_proxy; /* Runtime setting exports from ratproxy. */
extern _u32 proxy_port;
extern _u8 use_len;
static _u8 srv_buf[MAXLINE], /* libc IO buffers */
cli_buf[MAXLINE];
/* Read a single line of HTTP headers, strip whitespaces */
static _u8* grab_line(FILE* where) {
static _u8 inbuf[MAXLINE];
_u32 l;
if (!fgets(inbuf,MAXLINE,where)) return 0;
l = strlen(inbuf);
/* Excessive line length is bad, let's bail out. */
if (l == MAXLINE-1) return 0;
while (l && isspace(inbuf[l-1])) inbuf[--l] = 0;
return inbuf;
}
/* Return a generic HTTP error message, end current process.
Note that this function should not handle user-controlled data. */
static void http_error(FILE* client, _u8* message,_u8 sink) {
if (client) {
_u8* l;
if (sink) while ((l=grab_line(client)) && l[0]);
fprintf(client,
"HTTP/1.0 500 %s\n"
"Content-type: text/html\n\n"
"<font face=\"Bitstream Vera Sans Mono,Andale Mono,Lucida Console\">\n"
"The proxy is unable to process your request.\n"
"<h1><font color=red><b>%s.</b></font></h1>\n", message, message);
fflush(client);
fclose(client);
}
debug("[!] WARNING: %s.\n", message);
exit(0);
}
static _u8* BASE16 = "0123456789ABCDEF";
/* Decode URL-encoded parameter string */
void parse_urlencoded(struct naive_list_p* p, _u8* string) {
_u8 val_now = 0;
_u8 name[MAXLINE+1], val[MAXLINE+1];
_u32 nlen = 0, vlen = 0;
name[0] = 0;
val[0] = 0;
do {
_u8 dec = 0;
switch (*string) {
case '+':
dec = ' ';
break;
case '=':
val_now = 1;
break;
case '%': {
_u8 *a, *b;
/* Parse %nn code, if valid; default to '?nn' if not, replace with ? if \0. */
if (!string[1] || !string[2] || !(a=strchr(BASE16,toupper(string[1]))) ||
!(b=strchr(BASE16,toupper(string[2])))) { dec = '?'; break; }
dec = (a-BASE16) * 16 + (b-BASE16);
string += 2;
if (!dec) dec = '?';
break;
}
case '&':
case 0:
/* Handle parameter terminator; note that we also iterate over \0
because of loop condition placement. */
if (nlen) {
name[nlen] = 0;
val[vlen] = 0;
DYN_ADDP(*p,name,val,"");
}
val_now = 0;
nlen = 0;
vlen = 0;
break;
default:
if (!(dec=*string)) dec = '?';
}
/* Append decoded char, if any, to field name or value as needed. */
if (dec) {
if (!val_now) { if (nlen < MAXLINE) name[nlen++] = dec; }
else { if (vlen < MAXLINE) val[vlen++] = dec; }
}
} while (*(string++));
}
/* Read a line of multipart data from a linear buffer, advance buffer pointer. */
static _u8* get_multipart_line(_u8** buf) {
static _u8* retbuf;
_u8* x;
_u32 cnt;
if (retbuf) free(retbuf);
/* We assume \r\n formatting here, which is RFC-mandated and implemtned
by well-behaved browsers. */
x = strchr(*buf,'\r');
if (!x || x[1] != '\n') {
_u32 l = strlen(*buf);
retbuf = malloc(l + 1);
if (!retbuf) fatal("out of memory");
strcpy(retbuf,*buf);
*buf += l;
return retbuf;
}
cnt = x - *buf;
retbuf = malloc(cnt + 1);
if (!retbuf) fatal("out of memory");
memcpy(retbuf,*buf,cnt);
retbuf[cnt] = 0;
*buf += cnt + 2;
return retbuf;
}
/* Collect multipart data from a reasonably well-behaved browser. This routine
makes multiple assumptions that might be not true for maliciously formatted
data, but we do not strive to serve such requests well. */
void parse_multipart(struct naive_list_p* p, _u8* string, _u32 slen) {
_u8* field, *fname;
_u8* endptr = string + slen;
do {
_u8 *l, *end, *c;
field = 0;
fname = 0;
/* Skip boundary */
l = get_multipart_line(&string);
if (l[0] != '-' || l[1] != '-') return;
/* Sink headers, but grab field name if any */
while ((l = get_multipart_line(&string)) && l[0]) {
if (!strncasecmp(l,"Content-Disposition:",20)) {
/* Grab field name. */
_u8* f = rp_strcasestr(l,"; name=\"");
if (!f) continue;
f += 7;
c = strchr(++f,'"');
if (!c) continue;
*c = 0;
field = strdup(f);
if (!field) fatal("out of memory");
/* Grab file name, if any. */
f = rp_strcasestr(c + 1,"; filename=\"");
if (!f) continue;
f += 11;
c = strchr(++f,'"');
if (!c) continue;
*c = 0;
fname = strdup(f);
if (!fname) fatal("out of memory");
}
}
end = rp_memmem(string,endptr - string, "\r\n--", 4);
if (!end) return;
if (field)
DYN_ADDP_RAWMEM(*p,field,string,end-string,fname ? fname : (_u8*)"");
string = end + 2;
} while (1);
}
#define BASE64 "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ+/_-"
/* Looks for what could pass for a reasonably robust session token or XSRF protection. */
_u8 contains_token(_u8* name, _u8* value) {
_u32 run16 = 0, run64 = 0, run64_true = 0, run64_num = 0, run64_up = 0;
_u8* st = 0;
static _u32 tmin,tmax;
_u32 fno = 0;
if (!tmin) {
tmin = time(0);
tmax = tmin + (60 * 60 * 24 * 30); /* One month forward */
tmin -= (60 * 60 * 24 * 365 * 5); /* Five years back */
}
/* Known bad field names - return 0. */
fno = 0;
while (no_xsrf_fields[fno]) {
if (no_xsrf_fields[fno][0] == '=') {
if (!strcasecmp(name,no_xsrf_fields[fno] + 1)) return 0;
} else {
if (rp_strcasestr(name,no_xsrf_fields[fno])) return 0;
}
fno++;
}
/* Known safe field names - return 1. */
fno = 0;
while (xsrf_fields[fno]) {
if (xsrf_fields[fno][0] == '=') {
if (!strcasecmp(name,xsrf_fields[fno] + 1)) return 1;
} else {
if (rp_strcasestr(name,xsrf_fields[fno])) return 1;
}
fno++;
}
/* URLs are not anti-XSRF tokens, no matter how random they look. */
if (!strncmp(value,"http",4)) return 0;
/* Iterate over value data, compute base16 / base64 runs, collect
basic character disttributin data, rule out patterns such as unix
time, and make the call. */
do {
if (*value && strchr(BASE16,toupper(*value))) {
run16++;
} else {
if (run16 >= XSRF_B16_MIN && run16 <= XSRF_B16_MAX) {
_u8 tmp[5];
_u32 val;
strncpy(tmp,st,4);
tmp[4] = 0;
val = atoi(tmp);
if ((val < tmin / 1000000 || val > tmax / 1000000) &&
(st[0] != st[1] || st[0] != st[2])) return 1;
}
run16 = 0;
}
if (*value && strchr(BASE64,toupper(*value))) {
if (!isalpha(*value)) run64_num++;
if (isupper(*value)) run64_up++;
if (!run16) run64_true = 1;
if (!run64) st = value;
run64++;
} else {
if (run64 >= XSRF_B64_MIN && run64 <= XSRF_B64_MAX &&
((run64_num >= XSRF_B64_NUM && run64_up >= XSRF_B64_UP) ||
(run64_num >= XSRF_B64_NUM2)) && run64_true)
if (st[0] != st[1] || st[0] != st[2]) return 1;
run64 = 0;
run64_num = 0;
run64_true = 0;
st = 0;
}
} while (*(value++));
return 0;
}
/* Try to parse cookie header values. */
static void parse_cookies(_u8* str, struct naive_list2* c) {
_u8 name[128], val[128];
/* Iterate over cookies. We ignore cookies over 128 bytes for
name / value, and "special" values such as expiration date,
version, etc. */
while (str) {
while (isspace(*str)) str++;
if (sscanf(str,"%127[^;=]=%127[^;]",name,val) == 2) {
if (strcasecmp(name,"expires") && strcasecmp(name,"comment") &&
strcasecmp(name,"version") && strcasecmp(name,"max-age") &&
strcasecmp(name,"path") && strcasecmp(name,"domain") && name[0] != '$')
DYN_ADD2(*c,name,val);
}
str = strchr(str + 1 ,';');
if (str) str++;
}
}
/* Process the entire HTTP request, parse fields, and extract some preliminary signals. */
struct http_request* collect_request(FILE* client,_u8* ssl_host, _u32 ssl_port) {
struct http_request* ret;
_u8 *line, *x;
_u32 i;
/* Begin carefully - on CONNECT requests, we do not want to read more than
absolutely necessary. As soon as non-CONNECT is confirmed, we switch
to proper buffering. */
setvbuf(client, cli_buf, _IONBF, 0);
ret = calloc(1, sizeof(struct http_request));
if (!ret) fatal("out of memory");
line = grab_line(client);
if (!line || !line[0]) exit(0);
x = strchr(line,' ');
if (!x || x == line) http_error(client, "URL address missing or malformed request",1);
*(x++) = 0;
ret->method = strdup(line);
if (!ret->method) fatal("out of memory");
if (strcmp(line,"CONNECT")) {
/* Ok, safe to handle HTTP at full speed now. */
setvbuf(client, cli_buf, _IOFBF, sizeof(cli_buf));
if (!ssl_host) {
/* Unless coming from within CONNECT, we want a
properly specified protocol and so forth. */
if (x[0] == '/')
http_error(client, "Direct HTTP requests not allowed",1);
if (strncmp(x,"http://",7))
http_error(client, "Unsupported protocol",1);
x += 7;
}
} else {
/* We do not want CONNECT requests within CONNECT requests, really. */
if (ssl_host) http_error(client,"Evil CONNECT nesting",1);
ret->is_connect = 1;
}
ret->host = x;
x = strchr(ret->host,' ');
if (!x) http_error(client,"Missing HTTP protocol version",1);
if (strcmp(x," HTTP/1.0") && strcmp(x," HTTP/1.1"))
http_error(client,"unsupported HTTP protocol version",1);
/* Trim HTTP/1.x part now, we do not need it */
*x = 0;
if (!ret->is_connect) {
ret->path = strchr(ret->host,'/');
if (!ret->path) http_error(client,"Incomplete request URL",1);
*(ret->path++) = 0;
}
/* Try to find port, if any */
x = strchr(ret->host,':');
if (x) {
ret->port = atoi(x+1);
if (!ret->port || ret->port > 65535)
http_error(client,"Illegal port specification",1);
if (ret->port < 1024 && ret->port != 80 && ret->port != 443)
http_error(client,"Access to this port denied",1);
*x = 0;
} else {
if (ret->is_connect) ret->port = 443;
else ret->port = 80;
}
/* Populate HTTP envelope data with higher-level CONNECT
information if one present. */
if (ssl_host) {
ret->host = ssl_host;
ret->port = ssl_port;
ret->from_ssl = 1;
}
if (!ret->host[0])
http_error(client,"Host name is missing",1);
ret->host = strdup(ret->host);
if (!ret->host) fatal("out of memory");
/* Grab query data */
if (!ret->is_connect && (x = strchr(ret->path,'?'))) {
*(x++) = 0;
ret->query = strdup(x);
if (!ret->query) fatal("out of memory");
}
/* Grab path data */
if (!ret->is_connect) {
ret->path = strdup(ret->path);
if (!ret->path) fatal("out of memory");
x = strrchr(ret->path,'.');
if (x) ret->ext = x + 1;
}
/* Request target is now fully parsed. Let's collect headers, if any. */
while (1) {
line = grab_line(client);
if (!line) http_error(client,"Incomplete or malformed request headers",1);
/* Empty line == end of headers */
if (!line[0]) break;
x = strchr(line,':');
if (!x) http_error(client,"Invalid request header",1);
*x = 0;
while (isspace(*(++x)));
if (!strcasecmp(line,"Content-Length")) {
ret->payload_len = atoi(x);
if (ret->payload_len > MAXPAYLOAD)
http_error(client,"Payload size limit exceeded",1);
}
if (!strncasecmp(line,"Cookie",6))
parse_cookies(x,&ret->cookies);
if (!strcasecmp(line,"Referer")) {
_u8* rh;
ret->referer = strdup(x);
if (!ret->referer) fatal("out of memory");
/* Extract referer host to simplify other checks later on. */
if ((rh = strstr(x,"://"))) {
_u8* x;
rh = strdup(rh + 3);
if (!rh) fatal("out of memory");
if ((x = strchr(rh,'/'))) *x = 0;
if ((x = strchr(rh,':'))) *x = 0;
ret->ref_host = rh;
}
}
if (!strcasecmp(line,"X-Ratproxy-Loop"))
http_error(client,"Proxy loop detected",1);
/* These are specific to publicly documented anti-XSRF features of
Google Web Toolkit and Google Data APIs; this might be further
extended to accomodate other custom schemes in popular frameworks. */
if (!strcasecmp(line,"Authorization") && !strncasecmp(x,"GoogleLogin auth=",17)) {
ret->xsrf_safe = 1;
ret->authsub = 1;
}
if (!strcasecmp(line,"Content-Type")) {
if (rp_strcasestr(x,"text/x-gwt-rpc")) { ret->xsrf_safe = 1; ret->authsub = 1; }
if (rp_strcasestr(x,"multipart/form-data")) ret->multipart = 1;
else if (!rp_strcasestr(x,"application/x-www-form-urlencoded")) ret->non_param = 1;
}
DYN_ADD2(ret->h,line,x);
}
/* Get POST payload */
if (ret->payload_len) {
ret->payload = malloc(ret->payload_len + 1);
if (!ret->payload) fatal("out of memory");
if (fread(ret->payload,ret->payload_len,1,client) != 1)
http_error(client,"Premature end of payload data",0);
/* To make string matching safe. */
ret->payload[ret->payload_len] = 0;
}
/* Parse GET/POST parameters */
if (ret->query) parse_urlencoded(&ret->p, ret->query);
ret->ppar_bound = ret->p.c;
/* Do not parse payloads of arcane types. */
if (ret->payload && !ret->non_param) {
if (ret->multipart) parse_multipart(&ret->p, ret->payload, ret->payload_len);
else parse_urlencoded(&ret->p, ret->payload);
}
/* Locate XSRF tokens, if any */
/* Do not perform contains_token() checks on file fields. */
for (i=0;i<ret->p.c;i++)
if (!ret->p.fn[i][0] && contains_token(ret->p.v1[i],ret->p.v2[i]))
{ ret->xsrf_safe = 1; break; }
return ret;
}
/* Connect to server */
static FILE* open_server(FILE* client, _u8* host, _u32 port) {
FILE* ret;
struct sockaddr_in sin;
struct hostent* he;
_s32 ss;
if (!(he = gethostbyname(host)) || !(he->h_addr_list[0]))
http_error(client,"Unable to find target host",0);
ss = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (ss < 0) pfatal("socket() failed");
sin.sin_family = PF_INET;
sin.sin_port = htons(port);
memcpy(&sin.sin_addr, he->h_addr_list[0], 4);
if (connect(ss,(struct sockaddr*)&sin,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)))
http_error(client,"Connection to target failed",0);
ret = fdopen(ss,"w+");
if (!ret) fatal("fdopen() failed");
setvbuf(ret, srv_buf, _IOFBF, sizeof(srv_buf));
return ret;
}
/* Connect to server, take proxy CONNECT handling into account */
FILE* open_server_complete(FILE* client, struct http_request* r) {
FILE* ret;
_u8* l;
if (use_proxy)
ret = open_server(client, use_proxy, proxy_port);
else
ret = open_server(client, r->host, r->port);
if (r->is_connect) {
if (use_proxy) {
fprintf(ret,"CONNECT %s:%u HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n",r->host,r->port);
fflush(ret);
setvbuf(ret, srv_buf, _IONBF, 0);
/* Sink proxy response */
while ((l=grab_line(ret)) && l[0]);
}
if (client) {
fprintf(client,"HTTP/1.0 200 Go ahead, please.\r\n\r\n");
fflush(client);
}
}
return ret;
}
#define NEEDS_URLENC(x) \
(!(x) || !strchr("ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_.",toupper(x)))
/* Rewrite GET and POST parameters as needed. */
void reconstruct_request(struct http_request* r) {
struct dyn_str p = { 0, 0 }, q = { 0, 0 };
_u32 cp = 0, i;
_u8 c;
_u8 tmp[32];
/* Encode params to query string, until ppar boundary is hit. */
for (;cp<r->p.c;cp++) {
if (cp == r->ppar_bound) break;
if (q.l) STR_APPEND_CHAR(q,'&');
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v1[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(q,tmp);
i++;
}
STR_APPEND_CHAR(q,'=');
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v2[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(q,tmp);
i++;
}
}
/* Update query string. */
if (q.l) r->query = q.v;
/* Deal with the rest of parameters, putting them in a multipart
envelope or as urlencoded payload, as needed. */
if (r->multipart) {
/* Update boundary; be just random enough to prevent accidents. */
sprintf(tmp,"ratproxybound%08x",rand());
r->use_boundary = strdup(tmp);
if (!r->use_boundary) fatal("out of memory");
for (;cp<r->p.c;cp++) {
STR_APPEND(p,"--");
STR_APPEND(p,r->use_boundary);
STR_APPEND(p,"\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"");
STR_APPEND(p,r->p.v1[cp]);
if (r->p.fn[cp][0]) {
STR_APPEND(p,"\"; filename=\"");
STR_APPEND(p,r->p.fn[cp]);
}
STR_APPEND(p,"\"\r\n\r\n");
if (r->p.l2[cp]) {
STR_APPEND_RAWMEM(p,r->p.v2[cp],r->p.l2[cp]);
} else {
STR_APPEND(p,r->p.v2[cp]);
}
STR_APPEND(p,"\r\n");
}
STR_APPEND(p,"--");
STR_APPEND(p,r->use_boundary);
STR_APPEND(p,"--\r\n");
} else if (!r->non_param) {
for (;cp<r->p.c;cp++) {
if (p.l) STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'&');
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v1[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(p,tmp);
i++;
}
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'=');
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v2[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(p,tmp);
i++;
}
}
if (p.l) STR_APPEND(p,"\r\n");
} else return; /* Leave payload intact. */
/* Update POST string. */
if (p.l) {
r->payload = p.v;
r->payload_len = p.l;
}
return;
}
/* Detect and convert GWT RPC syntax where appropriate. This is specific to
Google Web Toolkit. */
static _u8* maybe_gwt_rpc(_u8* str) {
struct dyn_str p = { 0, 0 };
_u8 *c = str, *n;
_u32 num = 0;
_u32 l = strlen(str);
if (l < 3 || str[l-3] != 0xEF || str[l-2] != 0xBF || str[l-1] != 0xBF) return str;
STR_APPEND(p,"GWT_RPC[");
while ((n = strstr(c,"\xEF\xBF\xBF"))) {
*n = 0;
if (num > 4) {
if (num != 5) STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,',');
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'\'');
if (!strncmp(c,"[L",2)) c += 2;
if (!strncmp(c,"com.google.",11) || !strncmp(c,"java.",5)) c = strrchr(c,'.') + 1;
/* We *could* escape here, but it's probably not worth the effort. */
STR_APPEND(p,c);
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'\'');
}
num++;
*n = '\xEF';
c = n + 3;
}
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,']');
return p.v;
}
/* Convert multipart data to URLencoded string, to simplify reporting. */
_u8* stringify_payload(struct http_request* r) {
struct dyn_str p = { 0, 0 };
_u32 cp, i, c;
_u8 tmp[32];
if (!r->multipart) return maybe_gwt_rpc(r->payload);
/* Reconstruct payload from multipart boundary... */
for (cp=r->ppar_bound;cp<r->p.c;cp++) {
if (p.l) STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'&');
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v1[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(p,tmp);
i++;
}
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,'=');
/* When dealing with a file field, use field name, rather than
field data. */
if (r->p.fn[cp][0]) {
STR_APPEND(p,"FILE[");
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.fn[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(p,tmp);
i++;
}
STR_APPEND_CHAR(p,']');
} else {
i = 0;
while ((c=r->p.v2[cp][i])) {
if (NEEDS_URLENC(c)) {
sprintf(tmp,"%%%02X",c);
} else {
tmp[0] = c;
tmp[1] = 0;
}
STR_APPEND(p,tmp);
i++;
}
}
}
return p.v;
}
/* Do a naive date comparison for t-1 sec/min/hr scenarios. */
_u8 comp_dates(_u8* exp, _u8* dat) {
_s32 i = strlen(dat), dc = 0;
if (i != strlen(exp)) return 1;
while (--i >= 0) {
if (exp[i] != dat[i]) {
if (!isdigit(dat[i]) || exp[i] > dat[i] || ++dc > 1) return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}
/* Send HTTP request, collect and parse response, spot header-related problems. */
struct http_response* send_request(FILE* client, FILE* server, struct http_request* r,
_u8 strip_state) {
struct http_response* ret;
_u8 *line, *x;
_s32 decl_clen = -1;
_u32 i;
_u8 port_spec[16] = { 0 };
_u8 *exp_value = 0, *dat_value = 0;
/* Send the request... unfortunately, we cannot specify :80 on all
standard requests, as some URL rewriters that redirect to https
will copy this over and cause problems. */
if (!r->from_ssl) {
if (r->port != 80) sprintf(port_spec,":%u",r->port);
} else {