This ESPHome package allows reading your water meter or gas meter using the QMC5883L, a triple-axis magnetometer.
TLDR; Add this to your ESPHome device configuration:
substitutions:
volume_unit: 'gal'
i2c_scl: GPIO5 # D1
i2c_sda: GPIO4 # D2
packages:
meter:
url: https://github.com/tronikos/esphome-magnetometer-water-gas-meter
ref: main
file: esphome-water-meter.yaml
# Or for gas meter:
# file: esphome-gas-meter.yaml
refresh: 0s
The magnetometer is used to read the rotating magnet inside your water meter.
This should be compatible will all the water meters the Flume water sensor is compatible with, which is compatible with about 95% of water meters in the United States.
To verify compatibility follow this. Alternatively, install the Sensors app on your phone, place your phone next to the meter, and see if the Geomagnetic Field sensors are changing while water is running.
Video showing the internals of a water meter.
See Figure 1: Nutating disc operation
"The metering principle, known as positive displacement, is based on the continuous filling and discharging of the measuring chamber. Controlled clearances between the disc and the chamber provide precise measurement of each volume cycle. As the disc nutates, the center spindle rotates a magnet. The movement of the magnet is sensed through the meter wall by a follower magnet or by various sensors. Each revolution of the magnet is equivalent to a fixed volume of fluid, which is converted to any engineering unit of measure for totalization, indication or process control."
The magnetometer is used to read the diaphragm that expands and contracts inside your gas meter.
This should be compatible with all diaphragm/bellows meters which are the most common type of gas meter, seen in almost all residential and small commercial installations.
To verify compatibility install the Sensors app on your phone, place your phone next to the meter, and see if the Geomagnetic Field sensors are changing while gas is running.
Video showing the internals of a gas meter.
- ESP8266 or ESP32 with power adapter
- I placed mine inside the garage
- For high flow meters ESP32 is preferred because it's faster
- QMC5883L
- I placed mine in the water meter box 20ft away from the garage
- Ethernet cable
- I used 32.8ft or 10m direct burial CAT6.
- CAT6 is preferred because of its lower capacitance. CAT5 50ft or 15m should work. For 100ft you will need an active terminator such as LTC4311.
- Some way to weather proof the QMC5883L. Some options:
- Adhesive 4:1 heat shrink tubing (this is what I used)
- Silicone sealant
- Nail polish
- Hot glue
- Some way to mount the QMC5883L on the meter. Some options:
- Cable zip tie (this is what I used)
- Duct tape
- Conduit for the ethernet cable. Can be skipped if using direct burial ethernet cable.
| QMC5883L | ESP8266 |
|---|---|
| VCC | 5V |
| GND | GND |
| SCL | D1 |
| SDA | D2 |
The ethernet cable has 4 twisted pairs of wires. Use any solid wire color for the 4 above pins. Tie the 4 white wires together with the GND solid wire. You might need to use a header pin for the GND. If you use a header pin cut the 5 GND wires shorter to avoid the ball of wires I had...
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Setup ESPHome, if you don't have it already, by following Getting Started with ESPHome and Home Assistant.
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In the ESPHome Dashboard select New device, Continue, give a name: e.g. Water meter, Next, select device type based on the ESP chip used e.g. ESP8266.
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In the Configuration created! page select Skip to skip installation for now until we make a few changes.
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Select Edit on the created configuration e.g. water-meter.yaml.
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Skip this step if you used an
esp32. Changeesp8266section to:esp8266: board: d1_mini restore_from_flash: true preferences: flash_write_interval: 60min
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Add the following (either at the beginning or the end of the file):
substitutions: # For water one of: CCF, ft³, gal, L, m³ # For gas one of: CCF, ft³, m³ volume_unit: 'gal' i2c_scl: GPIO5 # D1 i2c_sda: GPIO4 # D2 packages: meter: url: https://github.com/tronikos/esphome-magnetometer-water-gas-meter ref: main file: esphome-water-meter.yaml # Or for gas meter: # file: esphome-gas-meter.yaml refresh: 0s
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Change the values in the
substitutionssection based on your setting, e.g. if you have used different pins, or if you prefer a different unit. -
Your configuration should now look something like the following:
substitutions: volume_unit: 'gal' i2c_scl: GPIO5 # D1 i2c_sda: GPIO4 # D2 packages: meter: url: https://github.com/tronikos/esphome-magnetometer-water-gas-meter ref: main file: esphome-water-meter.yaml # Or for gas meter: # file: esphome-gas-meter.yaml refresh: 0s esphome: name: water-meter friendly_name: Water meter esp8266: board: d1_mini restore_from_flash: true preferences: flash_write_interval: 60min # Enable logging logger: # Enable Home Assistant API api: encryption: key: "L8408egzTATPCBT1nzvFpqj4YlVERRO31+GyB/yjf4E=" ota: password: "d44ed9df293facf65e288062d5c7a5e7" wifi: ssid: !secret wifi_ssid password: !secret wifi_password # Enable fallback hotspot (captive portal) in case wifi connection fails ap: ssid: "water-meter Fallback Hotspot" password: "8cSGOshkb2Rw" captive_portal:
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Select Save and then Install.
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Only for the first install select Plug into this computer. For subsequent updates/installs you can install Wirelessly.
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Select Download project to save a bin file.
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Select Open ESPHome Web, Connect, Install downloaded project.
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In the Install your existing ESPHome project page select Choose File, select the previously downloaded bin file, and select Install.
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Home Assistant should auto-discover your new device.
To calibrate these just run a light stream of water/gas and press the "Calibrate axis" button. After 5 seconds (configurable) the proper axis and thresholds should be set.
Alternatively:
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Temporarily enable the Magnetic Field Strength X, Y, and Z sensors in HA.
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Run a light stream of water/gas.
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Observe which axis changes the most and its range.
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Set the axis and thresholds. e.g. if y axis ranges from min to max use:
Axis = y Threshold lower = min + 0.25 * (max - min) Threshold upper = max - 0.25 * (max - min) -
Disable the Magnetic Field Strength X, Y, and Z sensors in HA. Otherwise HA recorder will get overwhelmed.
This depends on your specific water/gas meter model and its size.
To calibrate:
- Temporarily enable the "Half rotations total" sensor in HA.
- Write it down and also write down the reading on your water/gas meter.
- After a few hours or even days of regular water/gas usage, write down both of them again.
- Set this to the result of: diff of readings in volume_unit divided by diff of half rotations.
- Disable the "Half rotations total" sensor in HA.
Alternatively you can search for specifications of your specific water/gas meter and its size. e.g. for Neptune T-10:
| Meter size | Pulses/Gallon |
|---|---|
| 5/8" | 231.24 |
| 3/4" | 129.04 |
| 1" | 60.32 |
| 1 1/2" | 27.03 |
| 2" | 14.92 |
So for a 5/8" Neptune T-10 you will set this to 0.00864902 (2 / 231.24)
If you have the Flume water sensor you can use its lowest reported value. You can find it with:
select min(min) from statistics_short_term, statistics_meta where statistics_meta.statistic_id = 'sensor.water_usage_current' and statistics_meta.id = metadata_id and min > 0;
For water meters this defaults to 0.01008156 which is for my 3/4" Badge Meter Model 35.
For gas meters this defaults to 0.125 which seems to be the most common in US.
Place another temperature sensor next to the QMC5883L and adjust the temperature offset so that they match.
I'm using the Alert integration to get alerted if there is a leak.
In /homeassistant/configuration.yaml I have:
alert: !include alerts.yaml
template:
- sensor:
- name: Water running for 45 minutes
unique_id: water_running_45min
device_class: "moisture"
icon: mdi:waves
delay_on:
minutes: 45
# Subtract irrigation system that consumes 0.28 gal/min between 7 to 9 am or 8 to 10 am depending on DST
state: "{{ max(0, states('sensor.water_meter_flow') | float - (0.3 if now().hour in range(7, 10) else 0)) > 0 }}"
- name: Water running for 20 minutes at more than 1.5 gal/min
unique_id: water_running_20min
device_class: "moisture"
icon: mdi:waves
delay_on:
minutes: 20
state: "{{ max(0, states('sensor.water_meter_flow') | float - (0.3 if now().hour in range(7, 10) else 0)) > 1.5 }}"
notify:
- platform: group
name: nikos
services:
- service: persistent_notification
- service: mobile_app_pixel_7a
- service: mobile_app_le2125
- platform: group
name: nikos_mobile
services:
- service: mobile_app_pixel_7a
- service: mobile_app_le2125
- platform: group
name: wife
services:
- service: mobile_app_wife_iphone
- platform: group
name: all
services:
- service: nikos
- service: wife
- service: google_assistant_sdk
- service: alexa_media_garage_ecobee_switchIn Settings > Devices & services > Helpers I have created a group binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group with the above 2 sensors together with all my water leak sensors.
In Settings > Automations I have created the following automation to get notified if I ever forget to add a new sensor to the group:
alias: "Notify: incomplete groups"
description: ""
trigger:
- platform: time
at: "10:01:00"
action:
- if:
- condition: template
value_template: "{{ missing_moisture_sensors != '' }}"
then:
- service: notify.nikos
data:
message: |-
binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group is missing:
{{missing_moisture_sensors}}
variables:
missing_moisture_sensors: |
{{ states.binary_sensor
| rejectattr('attributes.device_class', 'undefined')
| selectattr('attributes.device_class', '==', 'moisture')
| rejectattr('attributes.entity_id', 'defined')
| map(attribute='entity_id')
| reject('in', states.binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group.attributes.entity_id)
| join('\n') }}
mode: singleIn /homeassistant/alerts.yaml I have the following to keep alerting me every 5 minutes in case of a leak:
water_leak:
name: Water leak detected
message: "Water leak detected at {{ expand('binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group') | selectattr('state', '==', 'on') | map(attribute='attributes.friendly_name') | join(', ') | lower() | replace(': water leak sensor', '') }} {{ relative_time(states.binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group.last_changed) }} ago"
done_message: Water leak not detected anymore
entity_id: binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group
state: "on"
repeat: 5
can_acknowledge: true
skip_first: false
notifiers:
- all
data:
push:
sound:
name: "default"
critical: 1
volume: 1.0
ttl: 0
priority: high
media_stream: alarm_stream_max
water_leak_tts:
name: Water leak detected (TTS)
message: TTS
done_message: Water leak not detected anymore
entity_id: binary_sensor.water_leak_sensors_group
state: "on"
repeat: 5
can_acknowledge: true
skip_first: false
notifiers:
- nikos_mobile
data:
ttl: 0
priority: high
media_stream: alarm_stream_max
tts_text: "Water leak detected"In my main dashboard I have the following auto-entities cards, which are typically hidden when empty:
type: custom:auto-entities
show_empty: false
card:
title: Active Alerts
type: entities
state_color: true
filter:
include:
- domain: alert
not:
state: idle
sort:
method: friendly_nametype: custom:auto-entities
show_empty: false
card:
title: Active alert sensors
type: entities
state_color: true
filter:
include:
- attributes:
device_class: moisture
state: 'on'
- attributes:
device_class: smoke
state: 'on'
- attributes:
device_class: carbon_monoxide
state: 'on'In Settings > Devices & services > Helpers I have created a Utility Meter sensor.water_meter_daily_total to keep track of my daily water usage.
In Settings > Automations I have created the following automation to get notified if my daily water usage is abnormal:
alias: "Notify: water usage"
description: ""
trigger:
- platform: time
at: "23:59:00"
condition: []
action:
- if:
- condition: numeric_state
entity_id: sensor.water_meter_daily_total
above: 100
then:
- service: notify.nikos
metadata: {}
data:
title: High daily water usage
message: >-
Consumed {{ states('sensor.water_meter_daily_total') }} gal today.
Is there a leak?
- if:
- condition: numeric_state
entity_id: sensor.water_meter_daily_total
below: 10
then:
- service: notify.nikos
metadata: {}
data:
title: Low daily water usage
message: >-
Consumed {{ states('sensor.water_meter_daily_total') }} gal today.
Do you need to reposition or recalibrate the sensor?
mode: single