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sonercandas committed Oct 22, 2021
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.. _distribution_system_implementation:

Automated Coupling of Modularly Defined System Modules
=======================================================
Distribution System Framework
===================================

This section explains the implementations to consider specif distribution system characteristics.
Major additions/modifications were done on the following, already existing scripts:
This section explains the implementations to consider specific distribution system characteristics.
Major additions & modifications were applied to the the following scripts:

- `model.py: <distribution_system_implementation.html#model-section>`_ ``urbs/model.py``

- `transmission.py: <distribution_system_implementation.html#transmission-section>`_ ``urbs/transmission.py``
- `model.py: <distribution_system_implementation.html#model-section>`_

- `transmission.py: <distribution_system_implementation.html#transmission-section>`_

which will be described below.
| Before dealing with the code, a short summary of required aspects to consider will be given.
Distribution systems are different from transmission systems in a number of facets. Diffrerences to highlight are the
reactance-to-resistance ratio (X/R) and their common radial composition. Depending on these attributes an AC
optimal-power-flow model may be helpful to deal with distribution system reactive power and voltage constraints.
Hence, the "LinDistFlow" model linearization has been introduced into the given framework as shown in `transmission.py <distribution_system_implementation.html#transmission-section>`_.
Besides, we enhanced the `urbs` framework by integrating several aspects that characterize classic distribution systems:
- radially-operated open ring grid segments


.. _theory-section
Distribution System Model Framework
-------------------------------------
Distribution systems are different from transmission systems in a number of aspects such as the reactance-to-resistance ratio (X/R) and the typical radial, tree-like structure. Depending on system size, voltage level and the corresponding X/R ratio an alternating current optimal-power-flow model is required to consider distribution system reactive power and voltage constraints. Therefore, the "Linearized Distribution Flow" (LinDistFlow) model linearization has been introduced into our framework as shown in `transmission.py <distribution_system_implementation.html#transmission-section>`_.

Besides, we extended the `urbs` framework by incorporating the following model components to characterize typical distribution grids:

- radially-operated open ring grid segments denoted as microgrids

- a boundary bus with a transformer between both systems
- a transformer between both system levels modelled with a boundary bus

- reactive power demand for households

- reactive power line flows and an apparent power line flow constraint

- a centralized reactive power compensation system and
- a central reactive power compensation system

- inverters with a defined ratio of possible reactive to active power generation.
- inverters with a predefined permittible ratio of reactive to active power generation.

The microgrids to describe the distribution system can be freely defined with the microgrid input sheets. The predefined microgrids in the repository are illustrated below:
The microgrids to describe the distribution system can be freely defined with the microgrid input sheets.
The predefined microgrid structure with their assigned technologies as provided in the input data are illustrated below:

.. image:: graphics/Microgrids.jpg

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -138,4 +134,3 @@ Moreover, the voltage of all nodes within the introduced slackbus set is scaled
def def_slackbus_voltage_rule(m, tm, stf, sin):
return (m.voltage_squared[tm, stf, sin] == m.site_dict['base-voltage'][(stf, sin)]**2)

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