Numerical Codes of Tsunami Simulation (CUDA-GPU) based on IUGG/IOC Time Project, IOC. Manuals and guides 35
The Project intially started in the year 2011 and hosted in following URLS:
URL: https://github.com/tunamiff2011cuda/tunamiff2011
URL: https://sourceforge.net/projects/tunamiff2011/
URL1 (Description) : https://tunamicode.wordpress.com/
URL2 (Source Code) : https://mega.nz/#F!oqhVVA4a!VPdVav4bQQVsJTuYbMIOFw
URL3 (Project): https://code.google.com/archive/p/tunami/
URL4 (FOSS): https://code.google.com/archive/p/tsunami-opensource/
URL5 (ORIGINAL): TUNAMI Modelling Manual 2006 Version : http://tunamin2.ce.metu.edu.tr/
Everybody-wiki: https://en.everybodywiki.com/TUNAMI_FF_-_CUDA_Version_2011
Numerical simulations of Far-filed tsunamis:
Tohoku University’s Numerical Analysis Model for Investigation of Far-field Tsunamis – TUNAMI FF
Assumptions:
The astronomical tides do not vary with respect to time throughout the tsunami simulation. The Still water Level in the computation is set equal to the water level at the beginning of the simulation
Both temporal and spatial grid lengths vary only at the ratio of 1:3:9 and so on, if the change of them is necessary
In the linear computation, no run up can be included, and therefore the computation is not carried out for the water depth shallower than 0.1 cm, and vertical walls are set in place of the actual slope.
Numerical simulations of far-filed tsunamis, representing transoceanic propagation requires large area of computation. Such numerical simulations of far-filed tsunamis which travels more than 1000 km over ocean should be computed in polar-coordinates by considering earth as sphere of radius R, covered by the latitude and longitude (theta, lambda). Far-filed tsunami simulations covering wide areas of computation, in turn long travel distance may yield dispersion of wave components. Therefore in order to include physical dispersion term the equations of higher order approximation are used. But long travel time yields an inevitable accumulation of numerical error, for which the computation programme should be carefully designed.
In the method of simulation, the linear long wave theory is expressed in latitude-longitude coordinates with different formulation of equations. When the liner theory is used, it is very easy to attain a high rate of vectorization in terms of programming. The current TUNAMI FF program for transoceanic propagation is composed to fully utilize the vectorizaion of parallel programming. The rate of vectorization of higher than 99% is a result of elimination of both the IF-sentences in DO-groups and the division operation.
Flow of TUNAMI FF simulation main program
Input of Water Depth and Initial profile
Initial condition: Still water level
Check of the area of computation
Equation of continuity
Open Sea boundary condition
Equation of Motion
Check of the area of computation
K>KE
Output
Variables and constants in TUNAMI FF program
Variables:
Water level Z
Discharge flux M, N
Still water depth H
Time history of water level PZ
Co-ordinates of points for output of the history of water level IP, JP
Working arrays for vector operations V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 and V7
Coefficients:
Highest water level ZM
Lowest water level ZN
Coefficients given R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 AND R6=COS (THETA M+1/2)
(THETA M+1/2)in radian = C1
(THETA M)in radian = C2
(THETA M-1/2)in radian = C3
Water depth: h = C4
Constants:
Gravitational acceleration GG
Circular constant pi (=1415926)
Radius of the earth R
Computation is controlled by following conditions
Size of the area for computation in longitude and latitude IG, JG
Latitude of the southernmost end of the area for computation FL
Area where the tsunami exists and the computation is carried out IS, JS, IE, JE
Grid length in minute, and time step length in second DS, DT
Time steps of beginning and end of computation KS, KE
Number of spatial points where the time history of water level outputNG
Time step length in outputting the time history of water level KC
Time step length to output spatial wave profiles KD
SUBROUTINES
Data input of water depth RDEPTH
Setting of parameters required in vectorized computation PARAME
Input of the initial condition and the initial profile INITIA
Making area of computation be within the area under consideration ALIMIT
Enlargement of the area of computation as the tsunami propagates BLIMINT
Output and display of the spatial distribution of water level at an instant OUTPUT
Time form the beginning of the computation, special for a NEC SX-1 CLOCK
Computation of the equation of continuity MASS
Open sea, boundary condition GBOUND
Computation of the equation of motion MOMENT
Check of the highest and lowest water level MAX
Output of the time history of water level at the point (IP, JP) POINT
Output of the tsunami arrival time in hour PROPA
Output of the highest and lowest water level, and the arrival time OUTDT
Output of the water level and the discharge flux FILEOT
Initial profile computation
The vertical displacement of sea bottom is calculated with the Mansinha and Smylie method (1972), and is assumed equal to the tsunami initial profile with no modification of hydraulic effect because the horizontal size of the initial profile is sufficiently large compared to the water depth at the tsunami source.
Variables and Constants in initial profile computation
Variables:
Grid length in meters for the Cartesian co-ordinates DX
Grid length in degree for Spherical co-ordinates DR
Depth of a corner of the fault plane in meter H
Dislocation of the upper plane(u) in meter D
Dip angle in degrees DL
Strike angle in degree measured clockwise from North TH
Direction of Dislocation in degree RD
Length of fault plane in meter L
Width of fault plane in meter W
Co-ordinate of the origin in the area for tsunami computation Y0, X0
Co-ordinate fo the origin of the fault plane Y0, X0
Constants
Circular Constant A= 3.1415926
Radius of the earth RR= 6.37E+6(m)
and E= 1.7453E-3(m)
SUBROUTINES
Computation of the initial profile DEFORM
Computation of the vertical displacement due to the strike slip component USCAL
Computation of the vertical displacement due to the dip slip component UDCAL
Main Program Flow
The Variables and Statements used in main program summarized as below:
Specification statement
M and N stated as REAL
In each domain, three-dimensional arrays for Z, M, N, DZ, DM and DN as well as two-dimensional arrays HZ, HM, HN, IR and IB; Note that declaration of BT(10) is crucial.
Dimensions for space are increased by one in order to include an extra row or column outside the domain under consideration. Otherwise, discharge on the boundary or IB and IR maps are sometimes not definable, according to the way of selection of I and J axes. Dimensions for time always taken to be 2, because values are changed by a subroutine CHANGE
Input of setting values
Values of DX, DT and R(=DT/DX) are Inputs for every domain
Setting of initial value
CALL DEPTH0 – with this command, data of water depth HZ, IB and IR maps are input in every domain. To build this subroutine of data input, the following points are taken into consideration.
Water depth – Read water depths HZ on hydrographic charts with the z-axis positive downwards
IB map ( a two-dimensional array) – An IB map gives the method of computation and the existence of vertical walls.
According to following rule, positive integers of one or two figures are allotted to and Input into every grid point in every domain
The unit digit = 0, the computation is with the linear theory without the convection term
The unit digit = 1, the computation is with the non-linear theory with the convection term included
The tenth digit = 1, the discharge flux M in the I-direction is zero, owing to the existence of a vertical wall
The tenth digit =2, the discharge flux N in the J-direction is zero, owing to the existence of a vertical wall
The tenth digit = 3, the discharge fluxes M and N in the I and J directions are zero, owing to the existence of a vertical wall.
The tenth digit = 4, no computation made
IR map ( a two-dimensional array) – this map shows the existence of such structures as sea walls of finite crown height. according to the following rule, positive integers of one or two figures ae allotted to and Input into every grid point in every domain
The unit digit, assign the address I (=1~9) of BT(I), data of the crown height of sea walls
No tenth digit, no sea wall
The tenth digit = 1, there is a sea wall on the computation line of discharge M in the I-direction
The tenth digit = 2, there is a sea wall on the computation line of discharge N in the J-direction
The tenth digit = 3, there is a sea wall both on the computation lines of discharge M and N in the I- and J- directions
CALL DEPTH – with this command, water depths HM and HN at the point where the discharge is computed are calculated. A call statement is necessary for a computation domain
CALL SETZRO – with this command, initial values are set for Z, M, N and DZ, all of which are set equal to zero. A call statement is necessary for a computation domain
Repetition of computation with respect to time
CALL CONTIN – with this command, the water depth Z at the next time step Is computed with the equation of continuity. A call statement is necessary for a computation domain
CALL JOINTZ – with this command, the water depth is connected between domains of different time and space grid lengths. A call statement is necessary for a line of connection.
CALL MOTION – with this command, the discharges M and N at the next time step Is computed with the equation of motion. Discharges over sea walls are evaluated with the Hom-ma formula. A call statement is necessary for a computation domain
CALL BOUND – with this command, the conditions are Input at the seaside boundary. Input data of a tsunami should be prepared
CALL JOINTQ – with this command, the discharge is connected between domains of different time and space grid lengths. A call statement is necessary for a line of connection.
CALL OUTPUT – A subroutine is added at need, to output the computed results
CALL CHANGE – old data one time step before are changed with new data. For instance, newly obtained Z(I, J, 2) replaces old data and become Z(I, J, 1) which Is used in the next computation.
Time step index – If the time step delta t varies from a domain to another, the computation procedures from CONTIN to CHANGE, those mentioned above is not always carried out at every time step except in the domain of smallest delta t. The time step at which the computation is carried out in the other domains is controlled by introducing the “time step index”.
KT in CONTIN, MOTION, CHANGE
KT in JOINTZ
KT1 and KT2 In JOINTQ
Variables used in Main program:
Variables
Water Level Z
Discharge In I-direction M
Discharge In J-direction N
Total water depth at point for Z DZ
Total water depth at point for M DM
Total water depth at point N DN
Still water depth at point for Z HZ
Still water depth at point for M HM
Still water depth at point for N HN
Map of the selection of theory IB
(Linear of nonlinear and the existence of vertical walls)
Map of the existence of structures IR
Crown height of structures BT
Space grid length DX
Time step length DT
Ration DT/DX R
Gravitational acceleration GG
2 pi PP
Time step of the computation K
Argument to call subroutines, same value as K KI
The last time step KE
Time step for output procedure KOUT
Wave period WP
Water depth WD
Index for output LL
Index for output LX
Explanation of Subroutines
DEPTH
Computation of the water depth at points for discharge – The still water depth at points for discharge is calculated, based upon the still water depth at point for water depth. Information of the existence of structures from the map of break waters is also input.
Variables used
Indices of HZ, HM, HN and IR in the main program IG, JG
Still water depth HZ
No Input-Still water depth at points for discharge in I-direction HM
No Input-Still water depth at points for discharge in J-direction HN
Crown height of break waters BT
Map of existence of breakwaters IR
SETZRO
Setting of initial condition – Input of initial values of water level, water discharge and total water depth at points for water level
Variables used
Indices of Z, M, N, DZ and HZ In the main programme IG, JG
No Input- Initial Water level Z
No Input – Initial discharge in the I-direction M
No Input – Initial discharge in the J-direction N
No Input – Initial total water depth at point for discharge DZ
Still water depth at point for water level HZ
CONTIN
Computation of the equation of continuity – Cotation of the water level and total water depth at the next time step with the equation of continuity
Variables used
Indices of Z, M, N, DZ and HZ in the main programme IG, JG
Co-ordinates of the start of imputation IS, IE
(IS, JS) and of end (IE, JE) JS, JE
Water level given as Z(I,J,2)=Z(I,J,1) Z
Discharge in I-direction M
Discharge in J-direction N
Total water depth at points for water level DZ
Still water depth at points for water level HZ
DT/DX; ratio of time-to-space grid length R
Map of the selection of theory (linear or IB
nonlinear) and of the existence of vertical walls
Time step KK
Time step index KT
JOINTZ
Connection of the water level In sapce and time – Connection of the water level between computation domains of the different delta x and delta t
Variables used
Indices of Z1 and DZ1 in the main programme IG1, JG1
Indices of Z2 and DZ2 in the main programme IG2, JG2
Water level in sender (domain of fine grids) Z1
Water level in receiver (domain of coarse grids) Z2
Water depth at points for water level in sender DZ1
Water depth at points for water level in receiver DZ2
Co-ordinates of the start of connection IS, IE
(IS, JS) and the end (IE, JE) in receiver JS, JE
Co-ordinates of the start of connection in sender ISS, JSS
Time step KK
Time step index for receiver KT
Space grid length in sender (DX1) and in receiver (DX2) DX1, DX2
MOTION
Computation of the equation of motion – Computation of the water discharge at the next time step with the equation of motion
Variables used
Indices of Z, M, N, DZ, DM, DN, HZ IG, JG
HM, HN, IR, IB in the main programme
Water level Z
Discharge In the I-direction given as M(I,J,1)=M(I,J,2) M
Discharge In the J-direction given as NM(I,J,1)=N(I,J,2) N
Total water depth at points for water level DZ
Total water depth at points for M DM
Total water depth at points for N DN
Still water depth at points for water level HZ
Still water depth at points for M HM
Still water depth at points for N HN
Map of the existence of break waters IR
(positive Integer of two figures)
Map of the selection of theory (linear or IB
nonlinear) and of the existence of vertical walls
DT/DX; ratio of time-to-space grid length R
Manning’s roughness in s/m1/3 FM
Time step length DT
Time step KK
Time step index KT
JOINTQ
Connection of the water discharge in space and time – Connection of the water level between computation domains of different delta x and delta t.
Variables used
Indices of M1 and N1 in the main programme IG1, IG2
Indices of M2 and N2 in the main programme JG1, JG2
Discharge in the I-and J-directions in sender M1, N1
(domain of coarse grids)
Discharge in the I-and J-directions in receiver M2, N2
(domain of fine grids)
Co-ordinates of the start of connection IS, IE, JS, JE
(IS, JS) and end (IE, JE) in receiver
Co-ordinates of start of connection in sender ISS, JSS
Number of extra grids at the start and end in receiver NDS, NDE
Computation at the connection boundary; INS, INE
1 for extrapolation and 2 for interpolation
Time step KK
Time step index (1,3,9) (KT1<KT2) KT1, KT2
Space grid length in sender (DX1) and in receiver (DX2) DX1, DX2
CHANGE
Change of dat – Change the Index of time index from 2 to 1, at every time step of computation.
Variables used
Indices of Z, M, N and DZ In the main programme IG, JG
Water level Z(I, J, 2) = Z(I, J, 1) Z
Discharge in I-direction M(I, J, 2) = M(I, J, 1) M
Discharge in I-direction N(I, J, 2) = N(I, J, 1) N
Total water depth at points for water level DZ(I, J, 2)=DZ(I, J, 1) DZ
Time step KK
Time step index KT
TUNAMI FF is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL V 3.0) as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or any later version.
TUNAMI FF is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
You should received a copy of the Lesser GNU General Public License along with TUNAMIFF source code. If not, see http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ as well Appendix-B of user manual supplied with source code in this repository.
License URL: https://www.gnu.orf/licenses/lgpl.html
Version 3, 29 June 2007 Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. http://fsf.org/
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. This version of the GNU Lesser General Public License incorporates the terms and conditions of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, supplemented by the additional permissions listed below.
- Additional Definitions. As used herein, "this License" refers to version 3 of the GNU Lesser General Public License, and the "GNU GPL" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
"The Library" refers to a covered work governed by this License, other than an Application or a Combined Work as defined below. An "Application" is any work that makes use of an interface provided by the Library, but which is not otherwise based on the Library. Defining a subclass of a class defined by the Library is deemed a mode of using an interface provided by the Library.
A "Combined Work" is a work produced by combining or linking an Application with the Library. The particular version of the Library with which the Combined Work was made is also called the "Linked Version".
The "Minimal Corresponding Source" for a Combined Work means the Corresponding Source for the Combined Work, excluding any source code for portions of the Combined Work that, considered in isolation, are based on the Application, and not on the Linked Version.
The "Corresponding Application Code" for a Combined Work means the object code and/or source code for the Application, including any data and utility programs needed for reproducing the Combined Work from the Application, but excluding the System Libraries of the Combined Work.
-
Exception to Section 3 of the GNU GPL. You may convey a covered work under sections 3 and 4 of this License without being bound by section 3 of the GNU GPL.
-
Conveying Modified Versions. If you modify a copy of the Library, and, in your modifications, a facility refers to a function or data to be supplied by an Application that uses the facility (other than as an argument passed when the facility is invoked), then you may convey a copy of the modified version:
a) under this License, provided that you make a good faith effort to ensure that, in the event an Application does not supply the function or data, the facility still operates, and performs whatever part of its purpose remains meaningful, or
b) under the GNU GPL, with none of the additional permissions of this License applicable to that copy.
- Object Code Incorporating Material from Library Header Files. The object code form of an Application may incorporate material from a header file that is part of the Library. You may convey such object code under terms of your choice, provided that, if the incorporated material is not limited to numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, or small macros, inline functions and templates (ten or fewer lines in length), you do both of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the object code that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the object code with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
- Combined Works. You may convey a Combined Work under terms of your choice that, taken together, effectively do not restrict modification of the portions of the Library contained in the Combined Work and reverse engineering for debugging such modifications, if you also do each of the following:
a) Give prominent notice with each copy of the Combined Work that the Library is used in it and that the Library and its use are covered by this License.
b) Accompany the Combined Work with a copy of the GNU GPL and this license document.
c) For a Combined Work that displays copyright notices during execution, include the copyright notice for the Library among these notices, as well as a reference directing the user to the copies of the GNU GPL and this license document.
d) Do one of the following:
-
Convey the Minimal Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, and the Corresponding Application Code in a form suitable for, and under terms that permit, the user to recombine or relink the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version to produce a modified Combined Work, in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.
-
Use a suitable shared library mechanism for linking with the Library. A suitable mechanism is one that (a) uses at run time a copy of the Library already present on the user's computer system, and (b) will operate properly with a modified version of the Library that is interface-compatible with the Linked Version.
e) Provide Installation Information, but only if you would otherwise be required to provide such information under section 6 of the GNU GPL, and only to the extent that such information is necessary to install and execute a modified version of the Combined Work produced by recombining or relinking the Application with a modified version of the Linked Version. (If you use option 4d0, the Installation Information must accompany the Minimal Corresponding Source and Corresponding Application Code. If you use option 4d1, you must provide the Installation Information in the manner specified by section 6 of the GNU GPL for conveying Corresponding Source.)
- Combined Libraries. You may place library facilities that are a work based on the Library side by side in a single library together with other library facilities that are not Applications and are not covered by this License, and convey such a combined library under terms of your choice, if you do both of the following:
a) Accompany the combined library with a copy of the same work based on the Library, uncombined with any other library facilities, conveyed under the terms of this License.
b) Give prominent notice with the combined library that part of it is a work based on the Library, and explaining where to find the accompanying uncombined form of the same work.
- Revised Versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Library as you received it specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Lesser General Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that published version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Library as you received it does not specify a version number of the GNU Lesser General Public License, you may choose any version of the GNU Lesser General Public License ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Library as you received it specifies that a proxy can decide whether future versions of the GNU Lesser General Public License shall apply, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of any version is permanent authorization for you to choose that version for the Library.