[TASK] Update phpspec/prophecy to latest version

Updating core's latest prophecy to v1.10 instead of
v1.09 which then allows to enable phpunit v9 at a later
stage.

used composer command:

  composer update phpspec/prophecy --with-all-dependencies
    Updating phpdocumentor/reflection-common (1.0.1 => 2.0.0)
    Updating phpdocumentor/type-resolver (0.5.1 => 0.7.2)
    Updating webmozart/assert (1.6.0 => 1.7.0)
    Updating phpspec/prophecy (1.9.0 => v1.10.3)

Resolves: #90671
Releases: master
Change-Id: Idf4c2f559e769311c608bb69c46dedb9b4bdc549
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/63571
Tested-by: TYPO3com <noreply@typo3.com>
Tested-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>
Reviewed-by: Benni Mack <benni@typo3.org>