[TASK] Upgrade typo3/cms-styleguide

This change upgrades the `typo3/cms-styleguide` version
to pull in required changes for `symfony 7 compat`. The
culprit was a missing method return type for the funny
`kauderwelsch` command execute method. [1]

Used command(s):

> composer require --dev "typo3/cms-styleguide":"^12.0.3"

Note:   `ext:styleguide` has been integrated into the core
        monorepo starting with v13, but older core version
        still uses the dedicated package and needs to be
        updated manually.

[1] TYPO3-CMS/styleguide@5d2515e051af91a9a2fc

Resolves: #102767
Releated: #102746
Releases: 12.4
Change-Id: Ib903f3927e5591e396966466dadb5bef45f5a604
Reviewed-on: https://review.typo3.org/c/Packages/TYPO3.CMS/+/82359
Tested-by: core-ci <typo3@b13.com>
Reviewed-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Reviewed-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>
Tested-by: Stefan Bürk <stefan@buerk.tech>
Tested-by: Anja Leichsenring <aleichsenring@ab-softlab.de>

composer.json

@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
 		"phpunit/phpunit": "^10.5.5",
 		"sokil/php-isocodes-db-i18n": "^4.0.18",
 		"symfony/translation": "^6.4 || ^7.0",
-		"typo3/cms-styleguide": "^12.0.2",
+		"typo3/cms-styleguide": "^12.0.3",
 		"typo3/testing-framework": "^8.0.8",
 		"webmozart/assert": "^1.11.0"
 	},