03_Python_fall_2022/01_python_basics_studentcopy.ipynb

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    "# Beginner's Guide to Python\n",
    "\n",
    "*Avery Fernandez*\n",
    "\n",
    "University of Alabama Libraries, Research Data Services\n",
    "\n",
    "Registration Link: https://ua.libcal.com/event/9651604"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "## Why Python?\n",
    "* No semicolons\n",
    "* no setting variable types\n",
    "\n",
    "### Maybe Downsides:\n",
    "* not compiled language\n",
    "* whitespace matters\n",
    "\n",
    "Outline for today:\n",
    "* input data\n",
    "* output data\n",
    "* variables\n",
    "* variable operations\n",
    "* string concatenation or string format\n",
    "* if statements\n",
    "* for loops\n",
    "    - in range()\n",
    "* while loops\n",
    "\n",
    "Documentation:\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/index.html\n",
    "\n",
    "Useful help functions:\n",
    "* help()\n",
    "* dir()"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Our First Print Statement\n",
    "This is the first starter program for every programmer and that is to output Hello World\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#print"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "print(\"Hello World\")"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Variables\n",
    "\n",
    "Let's look at 4 common variable types\n",
    "\n",
    "* Strings\n",
    "* Integers\n",
    "* Floats\n",
    "* Booleans\n",
    "\n",
    "See Python Built-in Types: https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "# Strings are denoted by \" or '\n",
    "name = \"Avery\"\n",
    "\n",
    "# Integers are denoted by a number without a decimal\n",
    "age = 19\n",
    "\n",
    "# Floats/Doubles are denoted by a number with a decimal\n",
    "bankAccount = 125.43\n",
    "\n",
    "# Booleans are denoted by True or False\n",
    "single = True"
   ]
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(type(name))\n",
    "print(type(age))\n",
    "print(type(bankAccount))\n",
    "print(type(single))"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "In the world of programming, there are two common ways of naming variables:\n",
    "* Camel Case\n",
    "    * myVariable\n",
    "* Snake Case\n",
    "    * my_variable"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Math Operations\n",
    "\n",
    "Now lets focus on mathematical operations:\n",
    "\n",
    "It is the basics of programming\n",
    "* Add\n",
    "* Subtract\n",
    "* Multiply\n",
    "* Divide\n",
    "* Integer Division\n",
    "* Remainders\n",
    "* Exponents\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html#module-operator"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "print(8 + 6) # add\n",
    "print(8 - 6) # subtract\n",
    "print(8 * 6) # multiply\n",
    "print(8 / 6) # divide\n",
    "print(8 // 6) # floor division, rounds down\n",
    "print(8 % 6) # modulo, returns remainder\n",
    "print(8 ** 6) # power, exponents"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Exercise Number One"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## Increment Math Operations\n",
    "\n",
    "Say we want to adjust the value of a variable using itself\n",
    "\n",
    "```https://www.w3schools.com/python/gloss_python_assignment_operators.asp```"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "n = 10\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "print(n+1)\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "n = n+1\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "n += 1\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "n /= 2\n",
    "print(n)"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## String Operations\n",
    "Now lets focus on strings:\n",
    "\n",
    "Can concatenate or format.\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/inputoutput.html"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "first = \"Avery\"\n",
    "second = \"Fernandez\"\n",
    "# My name is Avery Fernandez\n",
    "print(\"My name is \")\n",
    "print(first)\n",
    "print(second)"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"My name is \" + first + \" \" + second)"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"My name is\", first, second)"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(f\"My name is {first} {second}\")"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "age = 19\n",
    "print(\"My age is \" + age)\n",
    "# receive an error, can only concatenate str (not \"int\")"
   ]
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(type(age))\n",
    "# we see that the type is an integer"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "ageString = str(age)\n",
    "print(type(ageString))\n",
    "# we can change the type to a string, it is called casting"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(\"My age is \" + ageString)\n",
    "print(\"My age is \" + str(age))\n",
    "# Now it lets us concatenate"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(f\"Examples: {str(age)} {str(bankAccount)} {str(single)}\")\n",
    "# works for all data types"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "source": [
    "## Taking User Inputs\n",
    "\n",
    "How can we input our own data\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/2to3.html?highlight=input#to3fixer-input"
   ]
  },
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "name = input(\"What is our name\")\n",
    "print(name)"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(type(name))"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = input(\"Give me a number\")\n",
    "print(number)\n",
    "print(type(number))"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "number = int(input(\"Give me a number\"))\n",
    "print(number)\n",
    "print(type(number))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Booleans and Comparisons\n",
    "\n",
    "Booleans can be used to evaluate statements that, for example, are either True or False\n",
    "\n",
    "Statements like: is 2 even would be - True\n",
    "\n",
    "Booleans can either be displayed with True and False\n",
    "or\n",
    "1 and 0\n",
    "\n",
    "Now this moves us into if and else statements.\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#bltin-boolean-values\n",
    "http://swcarpentry.github.io/python-novice-gapminder/13-conditionals/index.html"
   ]
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "apple = True\n",
    "if apple:\n",
    "    print(\"Hi\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Rawr\")"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "apple = 1\n",
    "if apple:\n",
    "    print(\"Hi\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Rarw\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Some boolean and comparison operators:\n",
    "\n",
    "* =\n",
    "* <\n",
    "* \\>\n",
    "* <=\n",
    "* \\>=\n",
    "* !=\n",
    "* <>\n",
    "* and\n",
    "* or\n",
    "* not\n",
    "\n",
    "It will output True or False based on the statement\n",
    "\n",
    "https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#boolean-operations-and-or-not"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "print(1>0)\n",
    "print(10!=5)\n",
    "print(4<3)\n",
    "print(4 > 3 and 3 > 4)"
   ]
  },
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "user = int(input(\"Enter a number\"))\n",
    "if user > 50:\n",
    "    print(\"Number is greater than 50\")\n",
    "else:\n",
    "    print(\"Number is less than 50\")"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "source": [
    "## Exercise Number Two"
   ]
  },
  {
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   },
   "source": [
    "## For Loops\n",
    "Do repeated operations\n",
    "\n",
    "https://nbviewer.org/github/jakevdp/WhirlwindTourOfPython/blob/master/07-Control-Flow-Statements.ipynb"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(10):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
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   },
   "source": [
    "for loops syntax:\n",
    "\n",
    "```for (variable) in range(starting number, end number, increment):```\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(1, 10):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": false,
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   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for i in range(0, 10, 3):\n",
    "    print(i)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   },
   "source": [
    "## Exercise Number Three"
   ]
  },
  {
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   },
   "source": [
    "## While Loops\n",
    "\n",
    "Uses Boolean argument\n",
    "\n",
    "```While (true statement):```\n",
    "\n",
    "https://nbviewer.org/github/jakevdp/WhirlwindTourOfPython/blob/master/07-Control-Flow-Statements.ipynb"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "i = 0\n",
    "while True:\n",
    "    print(\"Hi\")\n",
    "    i += 1\n",
    "    if (i > 10):\n",
    "        break"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
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   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "while (input(\"name?\") != \"Avery\"):\n",
    "    print(\"Not my owner\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
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   },
   "source": [
    "## Exercise Number Four\n"
   ]
  },
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