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Corey and Laura Pull Request #16

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1 change: 0 additions & 1 deletion .gitignore
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# ============================================== SETTINGS, RULES, AND MISC FILES

# ===== SUBLIME
*.sublime-project
*.sublime-workspace
sftp-config.json
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---

Put a general discussion of your topic here. Don't get into the historiography or scholarship here. Just introduce to your reader what your topic is. What is the 'problem', the 'question', and/or the 'argument'.
Our research topic is trade in the ancient Mediterranean. The dataset we will be using shows, for most ships at least, where the ships origin and the ships destination as well as the ships cargo. This valuable information can help us explore many questions about trade in the ancient world.

YOU SHOULD BE LIBERAL AND INCLUDE ANY AND ALL LINKS WHEN RELEVANT
The questions we aim to answer with or data visualization project are as follows:
* Who was the central hub of trade in the ancient Mediterranean.
* What goods/services were the most commonly traded.
* With visualization of the wrecks, can we find the trade routes used?

The database covers all ancient shipwrecks known currently up to 1500 AD. The database contains a little over 600 entries with a vast variety of different cultures represented. The database focuses on 3 main categories of cargo.
* Amphoras, Marble and Sarcophagus.

---

## Historical Background

Put a discussion of any relevant historigraphy you think relates to the topic.You can discuss the historiography of specific times and places, but you can also discuss any theoretical literature you think is relevant.

You have freedom to roam from the narrow topic of your project to explore how different authors/schools of thought have impacted scholarly approaches over time. However, make sure that in the end you clearly relate how this discussion relates to the subject of your project and/or your choices in methods or interpreative models.

As you discuss different authors, you may site them using (author, page) style parenthetical notation. Make sure that a full citation in [Chicago](http://chicagomanualofstyle.org) is added to the 'docs/credits.md' page.
The ancient shipwrecks of the Mediterranean date all the way back to the Classical period in the years 400-500 BC. Ships from the Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, and Ottoman Empire were found in recent years. The Black Sea is a particularly good location where historians have found numerous shipwrecks. The reason why is because there is an anoxic layer in the sea that allows the ships to stay preserved. The Aegean sea is another popular hotspot where ships have been found. Twenty-two Greek vessels were found Fourni archipelago in the eastern Aegean Sea, they date between 700 and 480 B.C. Archaeologists are able to date the ships by studying the shapes and sizes of the clay jars they carried. One social aspect that historians have discovered about maritime disasters is that women have a much higher survival rate, which can be due to the fact that women are given priority in survival equipment. Overall, there are an estimated 3 million shipwrecks across the worlds ocean. However, there may be many more discoveries to come!

---

## Digital Background

You should also make sure to do research on any relevant digital work, whether scholarly articles or digital projects. Make sure to check Digital Humanities Quarterly, or [DHQ](http://www.digitalhumanities.org/dhq/), [Debates in the Digital Humanities](http://dhdebates.gc.cuny.edu/), [JStor](https://jstor.org), blogs and more to find relevant work.

You don't actually have to have a sepearte 'Digital Background' section. If it feels more natural to you, you may combine them into a single discussion. This is especially a good idea if you feel that with your topic you cannot talk about historiography without also talking about digital scholarship, and vice versa.
The Oxford Roman Economy has a brilliant digital project and visualizations for every database they have collected. They have interactive LIVE maps that are updated whenver the database is updated. Although that type of project is far beyond our data visualization skills it was interesting to create our own project with a different mindset and different types of visualizations.
* Below is a link to the Oxford Roman Economy's visualization
* [Oxford Roman Economy](https://livedataoxford.shinyapps.io/OxRep_maps_shipwrecks/)
40 changes: 33 additions & 7 deletions docs/biblio_and_credits.md
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# Credits

# Credits

---

## Project Bibliography

* List your bibliography items here, whether historical and/or digital in nature, here.
* It should be in [Chicago Manual of Style](chicagomanualofstyle.org)
* Remember to *italicize* and **bold** as appropriate.
* Cartwright, Mark. "Amphora." Ancient History Encyclopedia. July 10, 2018. Accessed July 10, 2018. https://www.ancient.eu/Amphora/.

* To understand ancient trade, it is important to research the items traded. Upon looking at the database the most common items traded were Amphoras. This source explains what they are, how they differ and how to tell the difference between each areas Amphoras.

* Casson, Lionel. The Ancient Mariners: *Seafarers and Sea Fighters of the Mediterranean in Ancient times*. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1991.

* I purchased this book while taking William Murray’s seafaring class. The book discusses the types of ships, port cities, trade goods. This book will be my main source of information for the project.

* "Databases." The Oxford Roman Economy Project. Accessed July 10, 2018. http://oxrep.classics.ox.ac.uk/databases/shipwrecks_database/.

* This website is where the database is located. This is where I downloaded the excel spreadsheet.

* "Making Your Data Legible: A Basic Introduction to Visualizations." The Historian's Macroscope: Big Digital History. Accessed July 10, 2018. http://www.themacroscope.org/?page_id=837.

* Having read this article in class it supplies a wealth of information on data visualization. It explains which visualizations are best for each type of data.

* "Roman Sarcophagi." The Metropolitan Museum of Art, I.e. The Met Museum. Accessed July 10, 2018. https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/rsar/hd_rsar.htm.

* According to the database Sarcophagi is the second most traded item upon the shipwrecks we have found. This article explains into great detail what they are and how the Romans used/wanted them.

* "Visualizing Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean at the Annual Digital Scholarship Conference." Summer 2014 || Bucknell Magazine | Bucknell University. Accessed July 10, 2018. https://www.bucknell.edu/news-and-media/current-news/2016/october/visualizing-networks-in-the-ancient-mediterranean-at-the-annual-digital-scholarship-conference.

* Data visualization project of trade networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. This website will be used as a reference point for our project.

* "Which Chart or Graph? A Guide to Data Visualization." Tableau Software. Accessed July 10, 2018. https://www.tableau.com/learn/whitepapers/which-chart-or-graph-is-right-for-you.

* Will be used as a second reference point and in conjunction with the other data visualization guide. These two sources will be used to ensure our project is concise and efficiently delivers the data.

---

## Project Credits

* Put your group member's credits here
* Link to any emails or github accounts (if you want)
* Leave the credits at the bottom
* [Corey Dewey](mailto:coreydewey@mail.usf.edu), Group Leader
* [Github](www.Github.com/N7dewey)
* [Laura Monge](mailto:lawdamonge@yahoo.com), Creative Design
* [GitHub](www.Github.com/laura-monge)

---

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# Replace This Title!
# Trade in the Ancient Mediterranean

---

<figure>

![Replace Me, Sample Image](imgs/caesarian_code.png)

<figcaption>

*Put a caption to your image here, if you want*

</figcaption>

</figure>

1. Put an intro image above (if you want)
2. Change the 1st line of this file to the name of your project
3. Replace this list with the names of your group members, linking to email or github accounts (if you want)
4. Remember to also add your credits, introductions/summarys to the mkdocs.yml and README.md and docs/credits.md files.

---

Replace this, putting the introduction/summary of your project here. Leave the credits in the bottom section, however.
![alt text](imgs/ancient_med.png)

---

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# Initial Findings

This is where you where you discuss any (initial) conclusions you have come to. This is also a natural place to put any and all visualizations that you come up with. In fact, this is where you tell the reader what it is you discovered. You can use the first person if that helps you discuss the process. This is where you both describe to the reader what they are looking at (if they are looking at a visualization) and, most importantly, what your interpretation of the results is.
![](imgs/Tableau_1.PNG)

If you want to add an image with a caption you can do it like this....
This map is a visualization of shipwrecks from trade ships found in the Mediterranean. We can assume that where there are shipwrecks there was active trade in these locations. There are three major areas where trade occurred. Massillia seems to be one of the busiest areas of trade, followed by Illyria and lastly in the Aegean sea. The majority of the ships that were found are central to the Roman Empire. Where there were Romans there was flourishing trade.

<figure>
---

![Replace Me, Sample Image](imgs/caesarian_code.png)
![](imgs/Tableau_2.PNG)

<figcaption>
Although somewhat large, this chart helps solidify the previous statements. This visualization shows the number of ships that belong to a certain time period. The first major spike is the Byzantine, or the Eastern Roman Empire, and the Classical era. If you study the visualization there is a trend that emerges. As stated above, the trend shows that in the time of the Romans is where we find the most trade vessels.

*Put a caption to your image here, if you want*
---
## Ship's Origin
![](imgs/place_of_origin.PNG)

</figcaption>
---
## Ship's Destination

</figure>
![](imgs/Destination.PNG)

Whether you turn your visualizations into static pictures and put them here or embed them, you MUST discuss your visualizations adequately. That means that whoever is the visualization expert must explain what they think the visualization means. You should explain anything that is not self-apparent from the picture alone. Moreover, you should at least comment on whether you think you can draw broader conclusions from any of the visualizations, either when considered individually or all together.
---

If your project was less visualization-centric, this is where you at least explain in plain words what you learned through the process of non-visual analysis. For example, if you used text mining not for visualization purposes, but to help you manually find interesting threads of conversation in a body of documents.
The last two visualizations help us see who was trading with who. The first visualization is a graph of where the ships place of origins were and how many of those ships came from that area. The second visualization is the number of ships destinations. By comparing the two
we can infer who was importing and who was exporting thier goods the most frequently. The majority of the ships come from areas surrounding the Aegean but rarely any ships were headed to areas around the Aegean. We can infer that areas around the Aegean sold thier goods much more frequently than they bought goods. To further help support the assumption of the first statement, we can see from the second visualization that the majority of the ships destination was Rome. Rome was a central trade hub for all areas around the Mediterranean.

You should also make sure to be a cautious scholar, and to think about the limitations of what the visualizations can actually tell you. As indicated by the section name, you are **not** expected to make hard conclusions that upend serious historical debates. Rather, this is a place to explore what might be learned from visual exploration.
---
# Further Attempts

You must also comment on where you would go next. If these are initial findings, where do you think the best profit would be for any future attempts. This is also where you can talk about pitfalls that limited your ability to learn more about the topic. How might future projects overcome these difficulties?
Although these were just my initial findings, it would have been of great importance to have been able to designed an interactive map and to make visualizations of which areas traded which goods. This would greatly improve the project in showing what goods were being traded to who, who exported certain goods and who imported certain goods.
9 changes: 3 additions & 6 deletions docs/reflections.md
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# Problems and Possibilities

This section serves as your sort-of conclusion/summary. Not a summary of the historical subject, but a summary of the process of the project itself. By discussing where you hit roadblocks and where you wish you could go if you had more time, you leave future individuals something to build on.

You should talk about where you group encountered the most difficulties. What was the hardest about scraping, or visualizing, or locating historiography? Did you have problems communicating or sharing files on GitHub?
If the group had more training and time, I would loved to have been able to create an interactive map. Color coding ships with the goods they were carrying was also a goal we were trying to achieve. Overall, the project ran pretty smooth with minimal bumps. Without having to webscrape and being able to export the websites list right to Tableau made this project a breeze.

What problems stopped you dead in the water? Did you have to change course mid-project to account for data that you could not get, or was not what you thought?
The hardest part of the project was Tableau. Not being able to visualize the goods carried was frustrating & made me have to refocus the project. The final result of the project is not what we originally had in mind but we adapted quickly and changed focus to the Roman Empire. We originally wanted to make the original map interactive to where you could click a node and the node would travel from its origin to its destination but quickly figured out that the type of visualization we wanted was a tad too advanced for this class. If we were given another semester on Tableau I believe this goal is something that could be realized.

Moving on from problems, let's the reader on a positive note. What worked best, where did you think the strength of the project was? What were the most useful historical insights? What were the most useful tools?

Finally, think of future attempts to continue this line of research, whether by yourself or others. Where do you want to go with it. What areas do you think could be expanded easily? You can discuss what you wish you could have done but could not due to lack of time/skill/et.c. But, much more than that, what would you suggest would be the most useful thing(s) you think could actually be accomplished in the space of another semester?
The most useful tool of the project was OpenRefine, without this tool visualizing the project would have been an absolute nightmare. In total, import to export, cleaning the entire excel file took us around 5-10 minutes. Without this tool the amount of time to self-edit the excel spreadsheet would have taken hours. I think the strength of our project is how clean the layout is without any markdown errors. Being an Information Technology major made this project easy to edit.
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# Source Analysis

Delete this introductory material when submitting your assignment.

This source analysis should discuss whatever source(s) you used for this project.

See the [README.md](README.md) file for information on how to submit this assignment.

**You SHOULD revise your source analysis if you already did one for the given website.**
---

## Basic Source Information

* Where is your source located (URL? Or traditional media)
* What kind of source is it? (Diaries, records of objects, data tables, etc...)
* Source Location
* [Ancient Shipwreck Database](http://oxrep.classics.ox.ac.uk/databases/shipwrecks_database/)
* What kind of source is it?
* Database of all known Ancient Mediterranean trade vessels.
* Who, or what organization, is responsible for hosting the source (if online), who gathered the information?
* The University of Oxford hosts the information. The information and database was collected by and assembled by Julia Strauss.

---

## Authorship

* Is there any information available discussing the process by which the information was gathered, or how the digital project was constructed?
* How transparent is the project about the choices they made in gathering and transforming the data for digitalization? [Click here for an example of a an excellent 'About' page from a database about Anglo-Saxons](http://www.pase.ac.uk/about/index.html)
* Julia Strauss has updated the database by going systematically through the relevant maritime archaeology journals and other literature published since 1992.

* How transparent is the project about the choices they made in gathering and transforming the data for digitalization?
* They classify how the database was formed and any exceptions made of what they included in the database. For instance, they excluded all information they believed was just dumped overboard rather than an actual shipwreck. ONLY shipwrecks from trade ships are included in this database.

* Do the organizations or individuals involved in gathering and publishing your data set have any stated goals or agendas?
* o To address the fundamentals of the Roman Imperial economy & analysis of all major economic activities.

* Do the organizations or individuals involved seem to have any unstated agendas or goals?
* o I do not believe they do as this is a straightforward database about the Ancient Roman, and surrounding areas, economy via shipwrecks and Amphora analysis.

* If a 3rd party funded the project, who are they? Do they have any particular perspective?

* This project was funded by two sources:
* Arts and Humanities Research Council – This source seems to Donate a large amount to College Departments for research opportunities.
* Baron Lorne Thyssen – A collector of Ancient Shipwreck coins, silver, and statuary. He is a supporter of ancient archaeology and research.
---

## Data Analysis

* Do the datasets involved reflect the viewpoints of particular groups or institutions, and if so, who?
* No as it is a dataset of recorded ancient shipwrecks.

* What kinds of categorizations do you find in the data, and do they seem reasonable?
* Do the means of data collection or categorization affect how the data is constructed in any way?
* Wreck site, wreck name, sea area, country, region, latitude and longitude (where available), period, place of origin and place of destination (as far as possible), minimum and maximum depths, and a selection of cargo finds.

* Does the website contain any tools for visualizing the data? Do they seem like they are making any kind of arguments?
* The website offers a frozen version of the Database in an Excel sheet. Making data visualization extremely easy as you do not have to webscrape before importing into Tableau.
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