This github page contains the code and input data for the COVID-19 vaccine tracker developed by the Vaccine Centre at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine.
The Shiny app, first launched in April 2020 and maintained until August 2022, followed candidates as they progressed through the development pipeline.
Key elements of the analysis code are as follows:
- app.R - an R script used to render the Shiny app. This consists of code for the ui (user interface) and server. The script has become more complex over time as a growing number of interactive features has been added.
- input_data - a folder containing input data for the tracker. Different datasets serve as input for different features of the tracker, as detailed below.
- input_code - a folder containing code to generate the outputs for each feature of the tracker. See details below.
- living_review - a folder containing input code and outputs for living systematic review.
- Updated weekly from April 2020 to August 2021, then monthly thereafter
- Input data: VaC_LSHTM_landscape.csv and VaC_LSHTM_trials.csv
- Input code: VaC_landscape.R
- Sources:
- WHO COVID-19 candidate vaccine landscape
- Milken Institute COVID-19 vaccine tracker
- US National Institute of Health’s clinical trials database (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Updated weekly from April 2020 to August 2021, then monthly thereafter
- Input data: VaC_LSHTM_trials.csv
- Sources:
- US National Institute of Health’s clinical trials database (clinicaltrials.gov)
- WHO COVID-19 candidate vaccine landscape
- Updated weekly from April 2020 to August 2021, then monthly thereafter until 07 January 2022
- Input data:
- Trial data: VaC_LSHTM_trials_map.csv - data from VaC_LSHTM_trials.csv serve as input for this (see above)
- Mapping data: countries_codes_and_coordinates.csv, country_geoms.csv, and 50m.geojson
- Country-level case counts: VaC_map_daily_cases.csv - obtained from Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering github page
- Input code: VaC_efficacy_map.R and VaC_jhu_daily_cases.R
- Updated weekly from April 2020 to August 2021, then monthly thereafter
- Input data: VaC_LSHTM_search_log.csv, VaC_LSHTM_eligible_studies.csv, and VaC_LSHTM_living_review_data.xlsx
- Search term: "(coronavirus OR COVID OR SARS*) AND vaccin* AND (trial OR phase)"
- Approach:
- A search of medRxiv and Pubmed is implemented via the VaC_LSHTM_living_review.Rmd script (in the living_review folder) using the R packages medrxivr and easyPubMed
- Titles and abstracts are screened for articles reporting outcome data from human trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
- For eligible trials, descriptive and quantitative data on study design, participant characteristics, safety, immunogenicity, and/or efficacy are extracted by a single reviewer and verified by a second using the VaC_LSHTM_living_review_data.xlsx, adapted from the tool developed for a systematic review and meta-analysis by Church et al, Lancet Infect Dis, 2019.
- Safety: We report all vaccine-related serious adverse events as well as non-serious adverse events with ≥25% prevalence in one or more study groups.
- Immunogenicity: We report pre- and post-vaccination levels of antigen-specific IgG (ELISA), neutralising antibody levels against live SARS-CoV-2 and/or pseudoviruses, and/or T-cell responses. We present antibody and T-cell outcomes 28 days post-vaccination or the nearest available timepoint.
- Efficacy: We report protective efficacy against COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and/or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Where available, we present the profile (age, ethnicity, and comorbidity prevalence) of the study population, as well as vaccine efficacy estimates stratified by relevant covariates (dose regimen, age group, ethnicity, and presence of comorbidities).
- Roll-out data updated multiple times weekly; Vaccine Access Test scores and manufacture projections updated every 3-4 weeks
- Input data: VAC_implementation.csv and VaC_LSHTM_landscape_summary.csv
- Sources:
- Vaccine roll-out data obtained from Our World in Data
- Country income data obtained from Gapminder and World Bank
- Dosing, description, and efficacy data obtained from VaC_LSHTM_living_review_data.xlsx. Where interim efficacy estimates have been in press releases but there is no published manuscript, hyperlinks are provided.
- Vaccine Access Test scores obtained from ONE (No longer included from October 2021)
- Manufacture projections obtained from company websites. If unavailable, we report projections stated by a company spokesperson in the mainstream media where available and provide relevant hyperlinks. (No longer included from October 2021)