use structured images with metainfo (blur placeholder) (#48531)

### What?

add support for blur placeholder generation to turbopack

add `StructuredImageModuleType` which is used with `ModuleType::Custom`
to allow importing an image as `{ url, width, height, blurDataURL,
blurWidth, blurHeight }`

in contrast to next.js with webpack this will also generate blur
placeholder in development instead of using a _next/image reference.
This should lead to more production-like experience (at the cost of a
little bit of compilation time).

turbo PR: vercel/turbo#4621

### Why?

Turbopack was crashing on `placeholder="blur"` before.

fixes WEB-534

### Turbopack changes

* vercel/turbo#4521 <!-- OJ Kwon -
feat(contextcondition): support InPath contextcondition -->
* vercel/turbo#4601 <!-- Alex Kirszenberg -
Chunking Context Refactor pt. 3: Address PR comments from pt. 2 -->
* vercel/turbo#4623 <!-- Tobias Koppers -
exclude turborepo from turbopack bench tests -->
* vercel/turbo#4399 <!-- Leah - support
require.context -->
* vercel/turbo#4610 <!-- OJ Kwon - test(subset):
add mdx test into subset -->
* vercel/turbo#4624 <!-- Tobias Koppers - run
benchmarks on windows and macOS too -->
* vercel/turbo#4620 <!-- Alex Kirszenberg - Make
ContainmentTree fully generic -->
* vercel/turbo#4600 <!-- Tobias Koppers - add
getChunkPath method -->
* vercel/turbo#4621 <!-- Tobias Koppers - add
turbopack-image -->
* vercel/turbo#4639 <!-- Tobias Koppers -
restrict snapshot path for windows path length limit -->
* vercel/turbo#4641 <!-- Tobias Koppers - put
webp behind a feature flag -->

Cargo.toml

@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ swc_relay = { version = "0.2.5" }
 testing = { version = "0.33.4" }
 
 # Turbo crates
-turbo-binding = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230418.1" }
+turbo-binding = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230419.4" }
 # [TODO]: need to refactor embed_directory! macro usages, as well as resolving turbo_tasks::function, macros..
-turbo-tasks = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230418.1" }
+turbo-tasks = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230419.4" }
 # [TODO]: need to refactor embed_directory! macro usage in next-core
-turbo-tasks-fs = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230418.1" }
+turbo-tasks-fs = { git = "https://github.com/vercel/turbo.git", tag = "turbopack-230419.4" }
 
 # General Deps
 

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/Cargo.toml

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ turbo-binding = { workspace = true, features = [
   "__turbopack_dev_server",
   "__turbopack_ecmascript",
   "__turbopack_env",
+  "__turbopack_static",
+  "__turbopack_image",
   "__turbopack_node",
 ] }
 turbo-tasks = { workspace = true }

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/js/package.json

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
     "check": "tsc --noEmit"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@vercel/turbopack-dev": "https://gitpkg.vercel.app/vercel/turbo/crates/turbopack-dev/js?turbopack-230418.1",
-    "@vercel/turbopack-node": "https://gitpkg.vercel.app/vercel/turbo/crates/turbopack-node/js?turbopack-230418.1",
+    "@vercel/turbopack-dev": "https://gitpkg.vercel.app/vercel/turbo/crates/turbopack-dev/js?turbopack-230419.4",
+    "@vercel/turbopack-node": "https://gitpkg.vercel.app/vercel/turbo/crates/turbopack-node/js?turbopack-230419.4",
     "anser": "^2.1.1",
     "css.escape": "^1.5.1",
     "next": "*",

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/image/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use anyhow::Result;
+use indexmap::indexmap;
+use turbo_binding::{
+    turbo::tasks::Value,
+    turbopack::{
+        core::{
+            asset::AssetVc,
+            context::{AssetContext, AssetContextVc},
+            plugin::{CustomModuleType, CustomModuleTypeVc},
+            resolve::ModulePartVc,
+        },
+        ecmascript::{
+            EcmascriptInputTransformsVc, EcmascriptModuleAssetType, EcmascriptModuleAssetVc,
+            EcmascriptOptions, InnerAssetsVc,
+        },
+        r#static::StaticModuleAssetVc,
+    },
+};
+
+use self::source::StructuredImageSourceAsset;
+
+pub(crate) mod source;
+
+/// Module type that analyzes images and offers some meta information like
+/// width, height and blur placeholder as export from the module.
+#[turbo_tasks::value]
+pub struct StructuredImageModuleType {}
+
+#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
+impl StructuredImageModuleTypeVc {
+    #[turbo_tasks::function]
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        StructuredImageModuleTypeVc::cell(StructuredImageModuleType {})
+    }
+}
+
+#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
+impl CustomModuleType for StructuredImageModuleType {
+    #[turbo_tasks::function]
+    async fn create_module(
+        &self,
+        source: AssetVc,
+        context: AssetContextVc,
+        _part: Option<ModulePartVc>,
+    ) -> Result<AssetVc> {
+        let static_asset = StaticModuleAssetVc::new(source, context);
+        Ok(EcmascriptModuleAssetVc::new_with_inner_assets(
+            StructuredImageSourceAsset { image: source }.cell().into(),
+            context,
+            Value::new(EcmascriptModuleAssetType::Ecmascript),
+            EcmascriptInputTransformsVc::empty(),
+            Value::new(EcmascriptOptions {
+                ..Default::default()
+            }),
+            context.compile_time_info(),
+            InnerAssetsVc::cell(indexmap!(
+                "IMAGE".to_string() => static_asset.into()
+            )),
+        )
+        .into())
+    }
+}

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/image/source.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use std::io::Write;
+
+use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use turbo_binding::{
+    turbo::{
+        tasks::primitives::StringVc,
+        tasks_fs::{rope::RopeBuilder, FileContent},
+    },
+    turbopack::{
+        core::{
+            asset::{Asset, AssetContent, AssetContentVc, AssetVc},
+            ident::AssetIdentVc,
+        },
+        ecmascript::utils::StringifyJs,
+        image::process::{get_meta_data, BlurPlaceholderOptions, BlurPlaceholderOptionsVc},
+    },
+};
+
+fn modifier() -> StringVc {
+    StringVc::cell("structured image object".to_string())
+}
+
+#[turbo_tasks::function]
+fn blur_options() -> BlurPlaceholderOptionsVc {
+    BlurPlaceholderOptions {
+        quality: 70,
+        size: 8,
+    }
+    .cell()
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize)]
+#[serde(rename_all = "camelCase")]
+pub struct ImageExport<'a> {
+    width: u32,
+    height: u32,
+    #[serde(rename = "blurDataURL")]
+    blur_data_url: Option<&'a str>,
+    blur_width: u32,
+    blur_height: u32,
+}
+
+/// An source asset that transforms an image into javascript code which exports
+/// an object with meta information like width, height and a blur placeholder.
+#[turbo_tasks::value(shared)]
+pub struct StructuredImageSourceAsset {
+    pub image: AssetVc,
+}
+
+#[turbo_tasks::value_impl]
+impl Asset for StructuredImageSourceAsset {
+    #[turbo_tasks::function]
+    fn ident(&self) -> AssetIdentVc {
+        self.image.ident().with_modifier(modifier())
+    }
+
+    #[turbo_tasks::function]
+    async fn content(&self) -> Result<AssetContentVc> {
+        let content = self.image.content().await?;
+        let AssetContent::File(content) = *content else {
+            bail!("Input source is not a file and can't be transformed into image information");
+        };
+        let mut result = RopeBuilder::from("");
+        let info = get_meta_data(self.image.ident(), content, Some(blur_options())).await?;
+        let info = ImageExport {
+            width: info.width,
+            height: info.height,
+            blur_width: info.blur_placeholder.as_ref().map_or(0, |p| p.width),
+            blur_height: info.blur_placeholder.as_ref().map_or(0, |p| p.height),
+            blur_data_url: info.blur_placeholder.as_ref().map(|p| p.data_url.as_str()),
+        };
+        writeln!(result, "import src from \"IMAGE\";",)?;
+        writeln!(
+            result,
+            "export default {{ src, ...{} }}",
+            StringifyJs(&info)
+        )?;
+        Ok(AssetContent::File(FileContent::Content(result.build().into()).cell()).cell())
+    }
+}

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/lib.rs

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ mod babel;
 mod embed_js;
 pub mod env;
 mod fallback;
+mod image;
 pub mod manifest;
 mod next_build;
 pub mod next_client;
@@ -46,5 +47,6 @@ pub fn register() {
     turbopack::dev_server::register();
     turbopack::node::register();
     turbopack::turbopack::register();
+    turbopack::image::register();
     include!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/register.rs"));
 }

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/next_client/context.rs

@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ pub async fn get_client_module_options_context(
 
     let module_options_context = ModuleOptionsContext {
         custom_ecmascript_transforms: vec![EcmascriptInputTransform::ServerDirective(
+            // ServerDirective is not implemented yet and always reports an issue.
+            // We don't have to pass a valid transition name yet, but the API is prepared.
             StringVc::cell("TODO".to_string()),
         )],
         preset_env_versions: Some(env),

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/next_client/transforms.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     next_client::context::ClientContextType,
     next_config::NextConfigVc,
     next_shared::transforms::{
-        get_next_dynamic_transform_rule, get_next_font_transform_rule,
+        get_next_dynamic_transform_rule, get_next_font_transform_rule, get_next_image_rule,
         get_next_modularize_imports_rule, get_next_pages_transforms_rule,
     },
 };
@@ -40,5 +40,7 @@ pub async fn get_next_client_transforms_rules(
 
     rules.push(get_next_dynamic_transform_rule(true, false, false, pages_dir).await?);
 
+    rules.push(get_next_image_rule());
+
     Ok(rules)
 }

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/next_server/transforms.rs

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use crate::{
     next_config::NextConfigVc,
     next_server::context::ServerContextType,
     next_shared::transforms::{
-        get_next_dynamic_transform_rule, get_next_font_transform_rule,
+        get_next_dynamic_transform_rule, get_next_font_transform_rule, get_next_image_rule,
         get_next_modularize_imports_rule, get_next_pages_transforms_rule,
     },
 };
@@ -41,5 +41,7 @@ pub async fn get_next_server_transforms_rules(
 
     rules.push(get_next_dynamic_transform_rule(true, true, is_server_components, pages_dir).await?);
 
+    rules.push(get_next_image_rule());
+
     Ok(rules)
 }

packages/next-swc/crates/next-core/src/next_shared/transforms.rs

@@ -22,11 +22,15 @@ use turbo_binding::{
             CustomTransformVc, CustomTransformer, EcmascriptInputTransform,
             EcmascriptInputTransformsVc, TransformContext,
         },
-        turbopack::module_options::{ModuleRule, ModuleRuleCondition, ModuleRuleEffect},
+        turbopack::module_options::{
+            ModuleRule, ModuleRuleCondition, ModuleRuleEffect, ModuleType,
+        },
     },
 };
 use turbo_tasks::trace::TraceRawVcs;
 
+use crate::image::StructuredImageModuleTypeVc;
+
 /// Returns a rule which applies the Next.js page export stripping transform.
 pub async fn get_next_pages_transforms_rule(
     pages_dir: FileSystemPathVc,
@@ -80,6 +84,24 @@ impl CustomTransformer for NextJsStripPageExports {
     }
 }
 
+/// Returns a rule which applies the Next.js dynamic transform.
+pub fn get_next_image_rule() -> ModuleRule {
+    ModuleRule::new(
+        ModuleRuleCondition::any(vec![
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".jpg".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".jpeg".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".png".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".webp".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".avif".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".apng".to_string()),
+            ModuleRuleCondition::ResourcePathEndsWith(".gif".to_string()),
+        ]),
+        vec![ModuleRuleEffect::ModuleType(ModuleType::Custom(
+            StructuredImageModuleTypeVc::new().into(),
+        ))],
+    )
+}
+
 /// Returns a rule which applies the Next.js dynamic transform.
 pub async fn get_next_dynamic_transform_rule(
     is_development: bool,

packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/next/image/basic/input/pages/index.js

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import Image from 'next/image'
 import { img } from '../components/img'
+import broken from '../public/broken.jpeg'
 import { useEffect } from 'react'
 
 export default function Home() {
@@ -13,26 +14,51 @@ export default function Home() {
       id="imported"
       alt="test imported image"
       src={img}
-      width="100"
-      height="100"
+      placeholder="blur"
     />,
     <Image
       id="local"
       alt="test src image"
       src="/triangle-black.png"
-      width="100"
+      width="116"
       height="100"
     />,
   ]
 }
 
+console.log(img)
 function runTests() {
-  it('it should link to imported image', function () {
+  it('should return image size', function () {
+    expect(img).toHaveProperty('width', 116)
+    expect(img).toHaveProperty('height', 100)
+  })
+
+  it('should not return image size for broken images', function () {
+    expect(broken).toHaveProperty('width', 0)
+    expect(broken).toHaveProperty('height', 0)
+  })
+
+  it('should have blur placeholder', function () {
+    expect(img).toHaveProperty(
+      'blurDataURL',
+      expect.stringMatching(/^data:image\/png;base64/)
+    )
+    expect(img).toHaveProperty('blurWidth', 8)
+    expect(img).toHaveProperty('blurHeight', 7)
+  })
+
+  it('should not have blur placeholder for broken images', function () {
+    expect(broken).toHaveProperty('blurDataURL', null)
+    expect(broken).toHaveProperty('blurWidth', 0)
+    expect(broken).toHaveProperty('blurHeight', 0)
+  })
+
+  it('should link to imported image', function () {
     const img = document.querySelector('#imported')
     expect(img.src).toContain(encodeURIComponent('_next/static/assets'))
   })
 
-  it('it should link to local src image', function () {
+  it('should link to local src image', function () {
     const img = document.querySelector('#local')
     expect(img.src).toContain('triangle-black')
   })

packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/next/image/basic/issues/Processing image failed-376140.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+PlainIssue {
+    severity: Error,
+    context: "[project]/packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/next/image/basic/input/public/broken.jpeg",
+    category: "image",
+    title: "Processing image failed",
+    description: "unable to decode image data\n\nCaused by:\n- The image format could not be determined",
+    detail: "",
+    documentation_link: "",
+    source: None,
+    sub_issues: [],
+    processing_path: Some(
+        [
+            PlainIssueProcessingPathItem {
+                context: Some(
+                    "[project]/packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/next/image/basic/input/pages/index.js",
+                ),
+                description: "Next.js pages directory",
+            },
+        ],
+    ),
+}

packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/webpack/chunks/__skipped__/context-weak/issues/error TP1007 require.context(__quo__.__quo__, fals-7a04ec.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+PlainIssue {
+    severity: Error,
+    context: "[project]/packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/webpack/chunks/__skipped__/context-weak/input/index.js",
+    category: "parse",
+    title: "error TP1007 require.context(\".\", false, /.+/, \"weak\") is not statically analyze-able: require.context() only supports 1-3 arguments (mode is not supported)",
+    description: "",
+    detail: "",
+    documentation_link: "",
+    source: Some(
+        PlainIssueSource {
+            asset: PlainAsset {
+                ident: "[project]/packages/next-swc/crates/next-dev-tests/tests/integration/webpack/chunks/__skipped__/context-weak/input/index.js",
+            },
+            start: SourcePos {
+                line: 19,
+                column: 23,
+            },
+            end: SourcePos {
+                line: 19,
+                column: 23,
+            },
+        },
+    ),
+    sub_issues: [],
+    processing_path: Some(
+        [],
+    ),
+}