Add timeout to golangci-lint and bump its version

[frouioui]

Description

This Pull Request bumps the version we use for golangci-lint from 1.51.2 to 1.52.2. We're now using --timeout 10m when calling golangci-lint in our CI workflow. The default timeout is 1 minute can be easily reached without cache.

Checklist

• "Backport to:" labels have been added if this change should be back-ported
• Tests were added or are not required
• Did the new or modified tests pass consistently locally and on the CI
• Documentation was added or is not required

Deployment Notes

[vitess-bot]

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[rohit-nayak-ps]

lgtm

[vitess-bot]

I was unable to backport this Pull Request to the following branches: release-15.0, release-16.0.