Materialize: Add additional comparison operators in Materialize and fix bug where they not applied for sharded keyspaces

[rohit-nayak-ps]

Description

This PR fixes a bug where comparison filters were being ignored in Materialize workflows if the source keyspace was sharded.

In addition, it adds support for additional operators (>, >=, <, <=, <>) . The filter expression can chain multiple comparison operations using and only.

Examples:

select * from t1 where id = 1
select * from t1 where id <> 1
select * from t1 where val > 'abc'
select * from t1 where id >= 1
select * from t1 where id < 2 and val <= 'xyz'

Signed-off-by: Rohit Nayak rohit@planetscale.com

Checklist

• Tests were added or are not required
• Documentation was added or is not required

[rohit-nayak-ps]

#8069 has been moved over here due to issues with rebasing against main

[deepthi]

@shlomi-noach @sougou can you re-review? It seems like all feedback from #8069 has been addressed.