Merge pull request #7 from jhbecares/patch-2

Update Soa.tex

latex/Capitulos/Soa.tex

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ \chapter{State of the art}
 \section{Alternative Publication systems}
 
 Publication systems, as seen on section \ref{intro} are vampirizing the
-industry, nevertheless there are some attempts to change this paradigm on behalf
+industry. However, there are some attempts to change this paradigm on behalf
 of science dissemination.
 
 Open journal systems~\cite{willinsky2005open} is an open software designed to
@@ -31,54 +31,47 @@ \section{Alternative Publication systems}
 Mega-journals~(or Multi-journals)~\cite{binfield2013open,wellen2013open} combine
 multiple journals into a single journal, allowing the publication of open-access
 papers, which have gone through a peer review process. The first journal to
-adopt this idea is the \emph{PLOS ONE}
+adopt this idea was the \emph{PLOS ONE}
 Journal\footnote{http://journals.plos.org/plosone/} as of the project
-\emph{Public Library of Science}. Project that aims to create a library of
+\emph{Public Library of Science}. This project aims to create a library of
 scientific journals under the values of open access and creative commons
 licenses. As a result of the success of the \emph{PLOS ONE} journal, other
 publishers have started their own mega-journals. Featuring alternative impact
 metrics, reusability of figures and data, post-publication discussions and
 portable reviews from other journals~\cite{bjork2015have}.
 
-Continuous publication model is based on publishing individual papers migrating
+The continuous publication model is based on publishing individual papers migrating
 from the previous issue-based model~\cite{anderton2013continuous}. This method
 is seen as an altenative for open-access journals as it speeds up the
 publication process~\cite{haymanview}. \emph{DPSOS}\footnote{Decentralized
-  Publication System for Open Science} adopt this model by design (see
-section~\ref{tech:sec:ethereum:sm}) as it publish automatically the papers that
+  Publication System for Open Science} adopts this model by design (see
+section~\ref{tech:sec:ethereum:sm}) as it publish automatically papers that
 meet certain preconditions that are written in the blockchain.
 
 Preprints are scientific papers that have not yet gone through the peer review
 process~\cite{harnad2003electronic}. Formerly, the preprints that were sent to
 the journals were private, and only accessible by the editors and assigned
 reviewers. But nowadays it is common to publish a preprint before sending it to
-a journal, uploading it to specialized platforms like arXiv
-\footnote{https://arxiv.org/} or Preprints
-\footnote{https://www.preprints.org/}~\cite{brown2001volution}. In fact there is
-a correlation bet@incollection{resnick2002trust, title={Trust among strangers in
-    Internet transactions: Empirical analysis of eBay's reputation system},
-  author={Resnick, Paul and Zeckhauser, Richard}, booktitle={The Economics of
-    the Internet and E-commerce}, pages={127--157}, year={2002},
-  publisher={Emerald Group Publishing Limited} }ween the upload of a preprint
-and the early citations after the publication of the
+a journal, uploading it to specialized platforms like arXiv\footnote{https://arxiv.org/} or Preprints\footnote{https://www.preprints.org/}~\cite{brown2001volution}. In fact there is
+a correlation between the upload of a preprint
+and early citations after the publication of the
 paper~\cite{shuai2012scientific}. This system is a possible solution to the
-cold-start problem that have the papers of new researchers who enter the
-academic career~\cite{sugiyama2010scholarly}.
+cold-start problem that papers of new researchers who enter the
+academic career have~\cite{sugiyama2010scholarly}.
 
 Social networks have also made a dent in the academic world, creating platforms
 to contact other researchers and encouraging them to share open access papers.
-Some of the well known are Research Gate\footnote{https://www.researchgate.net},
-Mendeley \footnote{https://www.mendeley.com} or Academia
-\footnote{http://academia.edu}. But despite the good intentions of the creators
+Some of the well-known are Research Gate\footnote{https://www.researchgate.net},
+Mendeley\footnote{https://www.mendeley.com} or Academia\footnote{http://academia.edu}. But despite the good intentions of the creators
 of these platforms, many of the journals demand the copyright of the papers they
 publish, preventing the authors from sharing them through these services.
 
 
-Decentralized alternatives, despite their promises~\cite{bartlingblockchain},
+Decentralized alternatives, in spite of their promises~\cite{bartlingblockchain},
 are still in their infancy. A few proposals, none of them functional to date,
 have appeared recently.
 
-A peer review proposal to solve some of the peer review socio-technical problems
+One of them is a peer review proposal that tries to solve some of the peer review socio-technical problems
 using cryptocurrencies~\cite{tennant2017multi}. It needs a critical threshold of
 research community engagement, changing the actual processes and platforms, to
 start being implemented.
@@ -90,48 +83,48 @@ \section{Alternative Publication systems}
 
 Peer review quality control through blockchain-based cohort
 trainings~\cite{dhillon2016bench} have been also proposed, with the promise of
-transparency and dezentralization using a distributed ledger. Research labs can
+transparency and decentralization using a distributed ledger. Research labs can
 use this training network to test their technology and reduce the risk for
 private investment opportunities.
 
 Finally, some of the off-chain journals are adapting to the demands of the
 current scientific community like Ledger\footnote{https://ledgerjournal.org}, a
-cryptocurrencies and blockchain based journal that records the publication
+cryptocurrencies and blockchain-based journal that records the publication
 timestamps in the Bitcoin blockchain.
 
 \section{Reputation systems}
 
 Reputation systems today arise from the need to trust unknown
-individuals~\cite{resnick2000reputation}, many of the big internet communities
+individuals~\cite{resnick2000reputation}. Many of the big internet communities
 like Stackexchange\footnote{https://stackexchange.com/} or
 reddit\footnote{https://www.reddit.com/} have their own reputation system.
 Reputation systems behavior may vary depending on the
-platform~\cite{josang2002beta}, but the most usual is where users get a score
+platform~\cite{josang2002beta}, but the most usual is the one where users get a score
 based on certain interaction with the community.
 
 Reputation systems also have a very large niche in e-commerce webs such as
 Ebay\footnote{https://www.ebay.com}, in which people pay for a product sold by
 an unknown vendor. There must be a previous trust in the vendor before buying
-any product, a reputation system offers an score given by other users to trust
+any product, so a reputation system offers a score given by other users that encourages you to trust
 or not that certain seller~\cite{resnick2002trust}.
 
 Reputation systems vary widely in scope, such as one for peer-to-peer
 computing~\cite{zhou2007powertrust}, vehicle ad-hoc~\cite{dotzer2005vars} and
-even Wikipedia~\cite{adler2007content}. And all of them are based on an exchange
+even Wikipedia~\cite{adler2007content}. All of them are based on an exchange
 of trust between users who use these services.
 
 This same concept was intended to be transferred within the blokchain using a
-token as a trust unit, in which users exchanged these as a sign of trust
+token as a trust unit, which users exchanged as a sign of trust
 deposits among them~\cite{sharples2016blockchain}.
 
 
 This paper proposes the development of a decentralized publication system for
 open science. It aims to challenge the technical infrastructure that supports
-the middlemen role of traditional publishers. Due to the successes of the Opene
+the middlemen role of traditional publishers. Due to the successes of the Open
 Access movement, some of the scientific knowledge is today freely provided by
 the publishers. However, the content is still mostly served from their
 infrastructure (i.e. servers, web platforms). This ownership of the
-infrastructure gives them a power position over the scientific community which
+infrastructure gives them a position of power over the scientific community which
 produces the contents~\cite{fuster2010governance}. Such central and
 oligopolistic position in science dissemination allows them to impose policies
 (e.g. copyright ownership, Open Access prices) and concentrate profits.