Initial addition of chacha20 stream cipher module under vlib/x/crypto namespace

vlib/x/crypto/chacha20/README.md

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+# module chacha20
+
+chacha20
+-------
+
+Chacha20 (and XChacha20) stream cipher encryption algorithm in pure V language.
+Its mostly based on [RFC 8439](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8439) and inspired by Go version of the same library.
+
+Examples
+--------
+```v
+module main
+
+import encoding.hex
+import x.crypto.chacha20
+
+fn main() {
+	// example of random key 
+	// you should make sure the key (and nonce) is random enough.
+    // The security guarantees of the ChaCha20 require that the same nonce 
+    // value is never used twice with the same key.
+	key := hex.decode('bf32a829ebf86d23f6a32a74ef0333401e54a6b2900d35bfadef82c5d49da15f') !
+	nonce := hex.decode('a7d7cf3405631f25cc1054bd')!
+
+	input:= 'Good of gambler'.bytes()
+
+	// encrypt and the decrypt back
+	output := chacha20.encrypt(key, nonce, input)!
+	input_back := chacha20.decrypt(key, nonce, output)!
+
+	// should true
+	assert input == input_back
+
+}
+```

vlib/x/crypto/chacha20/chacha.v

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+// Copyright (c) 2024 blackshirt.
+// Use of this source code is governed by an MIT license
+// that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+//
+// Chacha20 symetric key stream cipher encryption based on RFC 8439
+module chacha20
+
+import math
+import crypto.cipher
+import crypto.internal.subtle
+import encoding.binary
+
+// size of ChaCha20 key, ie 256 bits size, in bytes
+pub const key_size = 32
+// size of ietf ChaCha20 nonce, ie 96 bits size, in bytes
+pub const nonce_size = 12
+// size of extended ChaCha20 nonce, called XChaCha20, 192 bits
+pub const x_nonce_size = 24
+// internal block size ChaCha20 operates on, in bytes
+const block_size = 64
+
+// vfmt off
+
+// magic constant of first of four words of ChaCha20 state
+const cc0 = u32(0x61707865) // expa
+const cc1 = u32(0x3320646e) // nd 3
+const cc2 = u32(0x79622d32) // 2-by
+const cc3 = u32(0x6b206574) // te k
+
+// Cipher represents ChaCha20 stream cipher instances.
+struct Cipher {
+mut:
+	// internal's of ChaCha20 states, ie, 16 of u32 words, 4 of ChaCha20 constants,
+	// 8 word (32 bytes) of keys, 3 word (24 bytes) of nonces and 1 word of counter
+	key      [8]u32  
+	nonce    [3]u32  
+	counter  u32
+	overflow bool
+	// internal buffer for storing key stream results
+	block []u8 = []u8{len: chacha20.block_size}
+	// additional fields, follow the go version
+	precomp bool
+	p1  u32 p5  u32 p9  u32 p13 u32
+	p2  u32 p6  u32 p10 u32 p14 u32
+	p3  u32 p7  u32 p11 u32 p15 u32
+}
+// vfmt on
+
+// new_cipher creates a new ChaCha20 stream cipher with the given 32 bytes key, a 12 or 24 bytes nonce.
+// If 24 bytes of nonce was provided, the XChaCha20 construction will be used.
+// It returns new ChaCha20 cipher instance or an error if key or nonce have any other length.
+pub fn new_cipher(key []u8, nonce []u8) !&Cipher {
+	mut c := &Cipher{}
+	// we dont need reset on new cipher instance
+	c.do_rekey(key, nonce)!
+
+	return c
+}
+
+// encrypt encrypts plaintext bytes with ChaCha20 cipher instance with provided key and nonce.
+// It was a thin wrapper around two supported nonce size, ChaCha20 with 96 bits
+// and XChaCha20 with 192 bits nonce. Internally, encrypt start with 0's counter value.
+// If you want more control, use Cipher instance and setup the counter by your self.
+pub fn encrypt(key []u8, nonce []u8, plaintext []u8) ![]u8 {
+	return encrypt_with_counter(key, nonce, u32(0), plaintext)
+}
+
+// decrypt does reverse of encrypt operation by decrypting ciphertext with ChaCha20 cipher
+// instance with provided key and nonce.
+pub fn decrypt(key []u8, nonce []u8, ciphertext []u8) ![]u8 {
+	return encrypt_with_counter(key, nonce, u32(0), ciphertext)
+}
+
+// xor_key_stream xors each byte in the given slice in the src with a byte from the
+// cipher's key stream. It fullfills `cipher.Stream` interface. Its does encrypts plaintext message
+// in src and stores ciphertext result in dst in single shot of run of encryption.
+// You must never use the same (key, nonce) pair more than once for encryption.
+// This would void any confidentiality guarantees for the messages encrypted with the same nonce and key.
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) xor_key_stream(mut dst []u8, src []u8) {
+	if src.len == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	if dst.len < src.len {
+		panic('chacha20/chacha: dst buffer is to small')
+	}
+	if subtle.inexact_overlap(dst, src) {
+		panic('chacha20: invalid buffer overlap')
+	}
+	mut ciphertext := []u8{}
+
+	// ChaCha20's encryption mechanism was relatively simple operation.
+	// for every block_sized's block from src bytes, build ChaCha20  keystream block,
+	// then xors each byte in the block with keystresm block and then appends xor-ed bytes
+	// to the output buffer. If there are remaining (trailing) partial bytes,
+	// generates one more keystream block, xors keystream block with partial bytes
+	// and append to the result.
+	//
+	// Let's process for multiple blocks
+	// how many block the src bytes splitted to
+	nr_blocks := src.len / chacha20.block_size
+	for i := 0; i < nr_blocks; i++ {
+		// generates ciphers keystream block, its stored in c.block
+		c.generic_key_stream()
+		// get current's src block to be xor-ed
+		block := unsafe { src[i * chacha20.block_size..(i + 1) * chacha20.block_size] }
+
+		// xor-ing current block of plaintext with keystream in c.block and stores result in out
+		mut out := []u8{len: block.len}
+		n := cipher.xor_bytes(mut out, block, c.block)
+		assert n == c.block.len
+
+		// append current output to the ciphertext buffer
+		ciphertext << out
+	}
+	// process for partial block
+	if src.len % chacha20.block_size != 0 {
+		c.generic_key_stream()
+		// gets the remaining partial block
+		block := unsafe { src[nr_blocks * chacha20.block_size..] }
+		// xor-ing block with keystream
+		mut out := []u8{len: block.len}
+		n := cipher.xor_bytes(mut out, block, c.block)
+		assert n == block.len
+
+		// we make sure, takes only required remaining bytes
+		out = unsafe { out[0..src.len % chacha20.block_size] }
+
+		// append last output to the ciphertext buffer
+		ciphertext << out
+	}
+	// copy ciphertext message results to the dst buffer
+	n := copy(mut dst, ciphertext)
+	assert n == src.len
+}
+
+// free the resources taken by the Cipher `c`. Dont use cipher after .free call
+@[unsafe]
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) free() {
+	$if prealloc {
+		return
+	}
+	unsafe {
+		free(c)
+	}
+}
+
+// reset quickly sets all Cipher's fields to default value
+@[unsafe]
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) reset() {
+	for i, _ in c.key {
+		c.key[i] = u32(0)
+	}
+	for j, _ in c.nonce {
+		c.nonce[j] = u32(0)
+	}
+	unsafe {
+		c.block.reset()
+	}
+
+	c.counter = u32(0)
+	c.overflow = false
+	c.precomp = false
+	//
+	c.p1 = u32(0)
+	c.p5 = u32(0)
+	c.p9 = u32(0)
+	c.p13 = u32(0)
+	//
+	c.p2 = u32(0)
+	c.p6 = u32(0)
+	c.p10 = u32(0)
+	c.p14 = u32(0)
+	//
+	c.p3 = u32(0)
+	c.p7 = u32(0)
+	c.p11 = u32(0)
+	c.p15 = u32(0)
+}
+
+// set_counter sets Cipher's counter
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) set_counter(ctr u32) {
+	if ctr == math.max_u32 {
+		c.overflow = true
+	}
+	if c.overflow {
+		panic('counter would overflow')
+	}
+	c.counter = ctr
+}
+
+// rekey resets internal Cipher's state and reinitializes state with the provided key and nonce
+@[unsafe]
+pub fn (mut c Cipher) rekey(key []u8, nonce []u8) ! {
+	unsafe { c.reset() }
+	c.do_rekey(key, nonce)!
+}
+
+// do_rekey reinitializes ChaCha20 instance with the provided key and nonce.
+fn (mut c Cipher) do_rekey(key []u8, nonce []u8) ! {
+	// check for correctness of key and nonce length
+	if key.len != chacha20.key_size {
+		return error('chacha20: bad key size provided ')
+	}
+	// check for nonce's length is 12 or 24
+	if nonce.len != chacha20.nonce_size && nonce.len != chacha20.x_nonce_size {
+		return error('chacha20: bad nonce size provided')
+	}
+	mut nonces := nonce.clone()
+	mut keys := key.clone()
+
+	// if nonce's length is 24 bytes, we derive a new key and nonce with hchacha20 function
+	// and supplied to setup process.
+	if nonces.len == chacha20.x_nonce_size {
+		keys = hchacha20(keys, nonces[0..16])!
+		mut cnonce := []u8{len: chacha20.nonce_size}
+		_ := copy(mut cnonce[4..12], nonces[16..24])
+		nonces = cnonce.clone()
+	} else if nonces.len != chacha20.nonce_size {
+		return error('chacha20: wrong nonce size')
+	}
+
+	// bounds check elimination hint
+	_ = keys[chacha20.key_size - 1]
+	_ = nonces[chacha20.nonce_size - 1]
+
+	// setup ChaCha20 cipher key
+	c.key[0] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[0..4])
+	c.key[1] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[4..8])
+	c.key[2] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[8..12])
+	c.key[3] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[12..16])
+	c.key[4] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[16..20])
+	c.key[5] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[20..24])
+	c.key[6] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[24..28])
+	c.key[7] = binary.little_endian_u32(keys[28..32])
+
+	// setup ChaCha20 cipher nonce
+	c.nonce[0] = binary.little_endian_u32(nonces[0..4])
+	c.nonce[1] = binary.little_endian_u32(nonces[4..8])
+	c.nonce[2] = binary.little_endian_u32(nonces[8..12])
+}
+
+// chacha20_block was a ChaCha block function transforms a ChaCha20 state by running
+// multiple quarter rounds.
+// see https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8439#section-2.3
+fn (mut c Cipher) chacha20_block() {
+	// initializes ChaCha20 state
+	//      0:cccccccc   1:cccccccc   2:cccccccc   3:cccccccc
+	//      4:kkkkkkkk   5:kkkkkkkk   6:kkkkkkkk   7:kkkkkkkk
+	//      8:kkkkkkkk   9:kkkkkkkk  10:kkkkkkkk  11:kkkkkkkk
+	//     12:bbbbbbbb  13:nnnnnnnn  14:nnnnnnnn  15:nnnnnnnn
+	//
+	// where c=constant k=key b=blockcounter n=nonce
+	c0, c1, c2, c3 := chacha20.cc0, chacha20.cc1, chacha20.cc2, chacha20.cc3
+	c4 := c.key[0]
+	c5 := c.key[1]
+	c6 := c.key[2]
+	c7 := c.key[3]
+	c8 := c.key[4]
+	c9 := c.key[5]
+	c10 := c.key[6]
+	c11 := c.key[7]
+
+	_ := c.counter
+	c13 := c.nonce[0]
+	c14 := c.nonce[1]
+	c15 := c.nonce[2]
+
+	// precomputes three first column round thats not depend on counter
+	if !c.precomp {
+		c.p1, c.p5, c.p9, c.p13 = quarter_round(c1, c5, c9, c13)
+		c.p2, c.p6, c.p10, c.p14 = quarter_round(c2, c6, c10, c14)
+		c.p3, c.p7, c.p11, c.p15 = quarter_round(c3, c7, c11, c15)
+		c.precomp = true
+	}
+	// remaining first column round
+	fcr0, fcr4, fcr8, fcr12 := quarter_round(c0, c4, c8, c.counter)
+
+	// The second diagonal round.
+	mut x0, mut x5, mut x10, mut x15 := quarter_round(fcr0, c.p5, c.p10, c.p15)
+	mut x1, mut x6, mut x11, mut x12 := quarter_round(c.p1, c.p6, c.p11, fcr12)
+	mut x2, mut x7, mut x8, mut x13 := quarter_round(c.p2, c.p7, fcr8, c.p13)
+	mut x3, mut x4, mut x9, mut x14 := quarter_round(c.p3, fcr4, c.p9, c.p14)
+
+	// The remaining 18 rounds.
+	for i := 0; i < 9; i++ {
+		// Column round.
+		x0, x4, x8, x12 = quarter_round(x0, x4, x8, x12)
+		x1, x5, x9, x13 = quarter_round(x1, x5, x9, x13)
+		x2, x6, x10, x14 = quarter_round(x2, x6, x10, x14)
+		x3, x7, x11, x15 = quarter_round(x3, x7, x11, x15)
+
+		// Diagonal round.
+		x0, x5, x10, x15 = quarter_round(x0, x5, x10, x15)
+		x1, x6, x11, x12 = quarter_round(x1, x6, x11, x12)
+		x2, x7, x8, x13 = quarter_round(x2, x7, x8, x13)
+		x3, x4, x9, x14 = quarter_round(x3, x4, x9, x14)
+	}
+
+	// add back to initial state and stores to dst
+	x0 += c0
+	x1 += c1
+	x2 += c2
+	x3 += c3
+	x4 += c4
+	x5 += c5
+	x6 += c6
+	x7 += c7
+	x8 += c8
+	x9 += c9
+	x10 += c10
+	x11 += c11
+	// x12 is Cipher.counter
+	x12 += c.counter
+	x13 += c13
+	x14 += c14
+	x15 += c15
+
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[0..4], x0)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[4..8], x1)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[8..12], x2)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[12..16], x3)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[16..20], x4)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[20..24], x5)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[24..28], x6)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[28..32], x7)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[32..36], x8)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[36..40], x9)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[40..44], x10)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[44..48], x11)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[48..52], x12)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[52..56], x13)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[56..60], x14)
+	binary.little_endian_put_u32(mut c.block[60..64], x15)
+}
+
+// generic_key_stream creates generic ChaCha20 keystream block and stores the result in Cipher.block
+fn (mut c Cipher) generic_key_stream() {
+	// creates ChaCha20 block stream
+	c.chacha20_block()
+	// updates counter and checks for overflow
+	ctr := u64(c.counter) + u64(1)
+	if ctr == math.max_u32 {
+		c.overflow = true
+	}
+	if c.overflow || ctr > math.max_u32 {
+		panic('counter overflow')
+	}
+	c.counter += 1
+}