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Proportional J text has spacing needs beyond JIS X 4051 mojikumi #296

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macnmm opened this issue Aug 20, 2021 · 4 comments
Open

Proportional J text has spacing needs beyond JIS X 4051 mojikumi #296

macnmm opened this issue Aug 20, 2021 · 4 comments
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jlreq-doc:enhancement [JLReq-doc] possible enhancement items on 2nd edition

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@macnmm
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macnmm commented Aug 20, 2021

JIS X 4051 describes conventional mojikumi tsume and aki (spacing adjustments) in terms of even fractions of 1 em, because the line box is usually exactly x em wide (c.f. kihon hanmen), and so normally monospaced Japanese text with kinsoku clusters at the line ends or line starts only cause the lines to be short by 1/2 em or 1 em. To make the cluster fit by pushing in the line end, the mojikumi aki can be removed in even fractional (e.g. 1/2 em) increments, so the rules are in place to determine which character pairs should give up their space first, etc. In the case of full-justification and line width expansion, again the amount to be distributed among the character pairs can be expressed in even fractional em units, and so the differences in width for each pair between "desired" width and "maximum" width can also fit these even em units.
These rules achieve two goals: One is to make the composer's job easier and more efficient by minimizing the places where adjustment must happen and in what amounts, the other is minimal disruption to the line's normal unadjusted width for maximum legibility and aesthetics.

The issue becomes that when proportional type is introduced into the lines that necessarily create lines that are shorter than the line box width by amounts not easily divided among the 1/4 em or 1/2 em spacing around punctuation characters, or proportional punctuation glyphs whose aki space is not an even 1/2 em, you essentially have chaos in the available line width adjustments and no rules that deal with it nicely. The JIS X 4051 style of adjustment rules assume aki is always 1/2 em or 1/4 em or 1 em between punctuation and surrounding text, and has a dictated order of which aki is dealt with first, so the characters on the line return to a grid-like configuration as quickly and easily as possible. With proportional layout, the characters were never in that configuration to begin with, and so rules designed to preserve it are not suitable for such situations.

In particular, the assumptions in JIS X 4051 need to be revisited, and new rules formed.

  1. Aki amounts: not always 1/4 em or 1/2 em. Does this change priority rules at all? Does it change how adjustments should happen?
  2. Text box width in even ems: The Kihon Hanmen of a embox grid seems well-suited for monospaced typography, but the needs of modern reflowable content and digital media seem to favor a much freer use of space when combined with proportional typography. This marriage of embox-based grids, embox-sized text or line boxes, and monospaced traditional Japanese layout, with the corresponding marriage of proportional layout within an arbitrary width, should be emphasized in the next JLReq. How to reflow content dynamically in either scenario should be explicitly described. The mixed use of arbitrary text box size with monospaced text, or, more rarely, proportional layout within an even embox-sized line box, can cause layout issues, bad adjustment decisions, and make beautiful line composition more difficult.
  3. Aki contraction or expansion: Should proportional lines of type be adjusted differently or more evenly on a gradient in such cases? Now that adjustments can be done automatically in software, the prior historical considerations of efficiency in how and where adjustments are to be made by hand no longer apply.
@macnmm macnmm added the jlreq-doc:enhancement [JLReq-doc] possible enhancement items on 2nd edition label Aug 20, 2021
@KobayashiToshi
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KobayashiToshi commented Aug 21, 2021 via email

@kidayasuo
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Something we should consider for the digital native version of JLReq. Relating to #281 .

@macnmm
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macnmm commented Sep 7, 2021

Something @KobayashiToshi mentioned in the JLReq meeting made me think of this: When the font designer is creating a proportional J font, and deciding the optimal spacing for punctuation (e.g. the left side of the opening full width parenthesis), some knowledge of which mojikumi class that glyph falls into, and which other glyphs will share the spacing rules with it, is necessary if the rules for proportional are to share the mojikumi classes with the traditional rules. If the same amount of space is not added to all members of a given mojikumi class, the application will likely have problems adding the wrong amount of space to glyphs that differ.
Or, we establish a more fluid grouping of like glyphs with shared spacing rules, not based on the traditional mojikumi classes..?

@KobayashiToshi
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KobayashiToshi commented Sep 7, 2021 via email

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