chore(artifacts): make 'policy' choice option for artifact cli's put method

[ibindlish]

Description

• Fixes WB-NNNNN
• Fixes post-merge comments for [chore(artifacts): delete staging files while caching #7143] and [feat(artifacts): Make caching optional while uploading artifact files #7098]

Addressing post-merge comment: #7098 (comment)

• I updated CHANGELOG.md, or it's not applicable

Testing

wandb artifact put --policy 'temp'

Error: Invalid value for '--policy': 'temp' is not one of 'mutable', 'immutable'.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 74.81%. Comparing base (01a103c) to head (26df444).
Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #7172      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   76.23%   74.81%   -1.43%     
==========================================
  Files         509      509              
  Lines       54044    54042       -2     
==========================================
- Hits        41203    40429     -774     
- Misses      12488    13257     +769     
- Partials      353      356       +3     

Flag	Coverage Δ
func	43.91% <100.00%> (+0.14%)	⬆️
system	64.87% <100.00%> (+0.35%)	⬆️
unit	54.58% <100.00%> (-3.35%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Files	Coverage Δ
wandb/cli/cli.py	60.81% <ø> (-3.87%)	⬇️
wandb/sdk/artifacts/artifact_saver.py	95.40% <100.00%> (-0.11%)	⬇️

... and 47 files with indirect coverage changes

[estellazx]

lgtm