Update: Algo

algorithm/meta-algorithm.rst

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+========================================
+Meta Algorithm
+========================================
+
+
+.. contents:: 目錄
+
+
+Metaheuristic
+========================================
+
+Metaheuristic 爲高階的法則或啓發式演算法（經驗法則），
+在有限的資訊、運算能力、資源下，
+對最佳化問題（Optimization Problem）尋找足夠好的啓發式演算法。
+
+並不保證 globally optimal
+
+許多 Metaheuristic 帶有隨機最佳化（Stochastic Optimization）
+
+
+性質：
+
+* Metaheuristics are strategies that guide the search process.
+* The goal is to efficiently explore the search space in order to find near–optimal solutions.
+* Techniques which constitute metaheuristic algorithms range from simple local search procedures to complex learning processes.
+* Metaheuristic algorithms are approximate and usually non-deterministic.
+* Metaheuristics are not problem-specific.
+
+
+不同分類方式：
+
+* Local search vs. global search
+    - 基本版的爬山演算法（hill climbing）屬於 local search
+    - 把 local search 擴增到 global search
+        + simulated annealing
+        + tabu search
+        + iterated local search
+        + variable neighborhood search
+        + GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure)
+    - 單純 global serach（非基於 local search 衍生），通常是 population-based
+        + ant colony optimization
+        + evolutionary computation
+        + particle swarm optimization
+        + genetic algorithm
+        + rider optimization algorithm
+* Single-solution vs. population-based
+    - 單一解決方案：專注在一種候選解決方案
+        + simulated annealing
+        + iterated local search
+        + variable neighborhood search
+        + guided local search
+    - 多重解決方案：有多個候選解決方案在調整
+        + evolutionary computation
+        + genetic algorithms
+        + particle swarm optimization
+    - Swarm intelligence (collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized agents in a population or swarm)
+        + Ant colony optimization
+        + particle swarm optimization
+        + social cognitive optimization
+* Hybridization and memetic algorithms
+    - hybrid metaheuristic：並行使用 metaheuristic 和其他最佳化演算法，兩者間可以同時進行並互相交換資訊來引導搜尋
+        + 可搭配 mathematical programming, constraint programming, machine learning
+    - memetic algorithm：傳統基因演算法的擴增
+        + 例如使用 local search 取代原本的變動運算，藉此減少過早收斂的機會
+* Parallel metaheuristics
+    - 同時跑多種 metaheuristic，甚至可能是分散式到許多機器嘗試多種方案
+* Nature-inspired and metaphor-based metaheuristics
+    - 從大自然中獲得設計想法
+    - simulated annealing
+    - evolutionary algorithms
+    - ant colony optimization
+    - particle swarm optimization
+
+
+Metaheuristic Optimization Frameworks (MOFs)，蒐集許多演算法實作供快速取用：
+
+* `GitHub Topics - metaheuristic-framework <https://github.com/topics/metaheuristic-framework>`_
+* `GitHub Topics - metaheuristics <https://github.com/topics/metaheuristics>`_
+* `jMetal <https://github.com/jMetal/jMetal>`_
+* `OptaPlanner <https://github.com/kiegroup/optaplanner>`_
+
+
+
+參考
+========================================
+
+* `Wikipedia - Metaheuristic <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaheuristic>`_
+* `Wikipedia - Meta learning (computer science) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_learning_(computer_science)>`_
+* `Wikipedia - Meta-optimization <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-optimization>`_
+* `Wikipedia - Memetic algorithm <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memetic_algorithm>`_