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dd.c
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dd.c
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/* dd -- convert a file while copying it.
Copyright (C) 1985, 1990-1991, 1995-2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>. */
/* Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. */
#include <config.h>
#define SWAB_ALIGN_OFFSET 2
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include "system.h"
#include "close-stream.h"
#include "error.h"
#include "fd-reopen.h"
#include "gethrxtime.h"
#include "human.h"
#include "ignore-value.h"
#include "long-options.h"
#include "quote.h"
#include "quotearg.h"
#include "xstrtol.h"
#include "xtime.h"
static void process_signals (void);
/* The official name of this program (e.g., no `g' prefix). */
#define PROGRAM_NAME "dd"
#define AUTHORS \
proper_name ("Paul Rubin"), \
proper_name ("David MacKenzie"), \
proper_name ("Stuart Kemp")
/* Use SA_NOCLDSTOP as a proxy for whether the sigaction machinery is
present. SA_NODEFER and SA_RESETHAND are XSI extensions. */
#ifndef SA_NOCLDSTOP
# define SA_NOCLDSTOP 0
# define sigprocmask(How, Set, Oset) /* empty */
# define sigset_t int
# if ! HAVE_SIGINTERRUPT
# define siginterrupt(sig, flag) /* empty */
# endif
#endif
#ifndef SA_NODEFER
# define SA_NODEFER 0
#endif
#ifndef SA_RESETHAND
# define SA_RESETHAND 0
#endif
#ifndef SIGINFO
# define SIGINFO SIGUSR1
#endif
/* This may belong in GNULIB's fcntl module instead.
Define O_CIO to 0 if it is not supported by this OS. */
#ifndef O_CIO
# define O_CIO 0
#endif
#if ! HAVE_FDATASYNC
# define fdatasync(fd) (errno = ENOSYS, -1)
#endif
#define output_char(c) \
do \
{ \
obuf[oc++] = (c); \
if (oc >= output_blocksize) \
write_output (); \
} \
while (0)
/* Default input and output blocksize. */
#define DEFAULT_BLOCKSIZE 512
/* How many bytes to add to the input and output block sizes before invoking
malloc. See dd_copy for details. INPUT_BLOCK_SLOP must be no less than
OUTPUT_BLOCK_SLOP. */
#define INPUT_BLOCK_SLOP (2 * SWAB_ALIGN_OFFSET + 2 * page_size - 1)
#define OUTPUT_BLOCK_SLOP (page_size - 1)
/* Maximum blocksize for the given SLOP.
Keep it smaller than SIZE_MAX - SLOP, so that we can
allocate buffers that size. Keep it smaller than SSIZE_MAX, for
the benefit of system calls like "read". And keep it smaller than
OFF_T_MAX, for the benefit of the large-offset seek code. */
#define MAX_BLOCKSIZE(slop) MIN (SIZE_MAX - (slop), MIN (SSIZE_MAX, OFF_T_MAX))
/* Conversions bit masks. */
enum
{
C_ASCII = 01,
C_EBCDIC = 02,
C_IBM = 04,
C_BLOCK = 010,
C_UNBLOCK = 020,
C_LCASE = 040,
C_UCASE = 0100,
C_SWAB = 0200,
C_NOERROR = 0400,
C_NOTRUNC = 01000,
C_SYNC = 02000,
/* Use separate input and output buffers, and combine partial
input blocks. */
C_TWOBUFS = 04000,
C_NOCREAT = 010000,
C_EXCL = 020000,
C_FDATASYNC = 040000,
C_FSYNC = 0100000
};
/* Status bit masks. */
enum
{
STATUS_NOXFER = 01
};
/* The name of the input file, or NULL for the standard input. */
static char const *input_file = NULL;
/* The name of the output file, or NULL for the standard output. */
static char const *output_file = NULL;
/* The page size on this host. */
static size_t page_size;
/* The number of bytes in which atomic reads are done. */
static size_t input_blocksize = 0;
/* The number of bytes in which atomic writes are done. */
static size_t output_blocksize = 0;
/* Conversion buffer size, in bytes. 0 prevents conversions. */
static size_t conversion_blocksize = 0;
/* Skip this many records of `input_blocksize' bytes before input. */
static uintmax_t skip_records = 0;
/* Skip this many records of `output_blocksize' bytes before output. */
static uintmax_t seek_records = 0;
/* Copy only this many records. The default is effectively infinity. */
static uintmax_t max_records = (uintmax_t) -1;
/* Bit vector of conversions to apply. */
static int conversions_mask = 0;
/* Open flags for the input and output files. */
static int input_flags = 0;
static int output_flags = 0;
/* Status flags for what is printed to stderr. */
static int status_flags = 0;
/* If nonzero, filter characters through the translation table. */
static bool translation_needed = false;
/* Number of partial blocks written. */
static uintmax_t w_partial = 0;
/* Number of full blocks written. */
static uintmax_t w_full = 0;
/* Number of partial blocks read. */
static uintmax_t r_partial = 0;
/* Number of full blocks read. */
static uintmax_t r_full = 0;
/* Number of bytes written. */
static uintmax_t w_bytes = 0;
/* Time that dd started. */
static xtime_t start_time;
/* True if input is seekable. */
static bool input_seekable;
/* Error number corresponding to initial attempt to lseek input.
If ESPIPE, do not issue any more diagnostics about it. */
static int input_seek_errno;
/* File offset of the input, in bytes, along with a flag recording
whether it overflowed. */
static uintmax_t input_offset;
static bool input_offset_overflow;
/* Records truncated by conv=block. */
static uintmax_t r_truncate = 0;
/* Output representation of newline and space characters.
They change if we're converting to EBCDIC. */
static char newline_character = '\n';
static char space_character = ' ';
/* Output buffer. */
static char *obuf;
/* Current index into `obuf'. */
static size_t oc = 0;
/* Index into current line, for `conv=block' and `conv=unblock'. */
static size_t col = 0;
/* The set of signals that are caught. */
static sigset_t caught_signals;
/* If nonzero, the value of the pending fatal signal. */
static sig_atomic_t volatile interrupt_signal;
/* A count of the number of pending info signals that have been received. */
static sig_atomic_t volatile info_signal_count;
/* Function used for read (to handle iflag=fullblock parameter). */
static ssize_t (*iread_fnc) (int fd, char *buf, size_t size);
/* A longest symbol in the struct symbol_values tables below. */
#define LONGEST_SYMBOL "fdatasync"
/* A symbol and the corresponding integer value. */
struct symbol_value
{
char symbol[sizeof LONGEST_SYMBOL];
int value;
};
/* Conversion symbols, for conv="...". */
static struct symbol_value const conversions[] =
{
{"ascii", C_ASCII | C_TWOBUFS}, /* EBCDIC to ASCII. */
{"ebcdic", C_EBCDIC | C_TWOBUFS}, /* ASCII to EBCDIC. */
{"ibm", C_IBM | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Slightly different ASCII to EBCDIC. */
{"block", C_BLOCK | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Variable to fixed length records. */
{"unblock", C_UNBLOCK | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Fixed to variable length records. */
{"lcase", C_LCASE | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Translate upper to lower case. */
{"ucase", C_UCASE | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Translate lower to upper case. */
{"swab", C_SWAB | C_TWOBUFS}, /* Swap bytes of input. */
{"noerror", C_NOERROR}, /* Ignore i/o errors. */
{"nocreat", C_NOCREAT}, /* Do not create output file. */
{"excl", C_EXCL}, /* Fail if the output file already exists. */
{"notrunc", C_NOTRUNC}, /* Do not truncate output file. */
{"sync", C_SYNC}, /* Pad input records to ibs with NULs. */
{"fdatasync", C_FDATASYNC}, /* Synchronize output data before finishing. */
{"fsync", C_FSYNC}, /* Also synchronize output metadata. */
{"", 0}
};
enum
{
/* Compute a value that's bitwise disjoint from the union
of all O_ values. */
v = ~(0
| O_APPEND
| O_BINARY
| O_CIO
| O_DIRECT
| O_DIRECTORY
| O_DSYNC
| O_NOATIME
| O_NOCTTY
| O_NOFOLLOW
| O_NOLINKS
| O_NONBLOCK
| O_SYNC
| O_TEXT
),
/* Use its lowest bit. */
O_FULLBLOCK = v ^ (v & (v - 1))
};
/* Ensure that we got something. */
verify (O_FULLBLOCK != 0);
#define MULTIPLE_BITS_SET(i) (((i) & ((i) - 1)) != 0)
/* Ensure that this is a single-bit value. */
verify ( ! MULTIPLE_BITS_SET (O_FULLBLOCK));
/* Flags, for iflag="..." and oflag="...". */
static struct symbol_value const flags[] =
{
{"append", O_APPEND},
{"binary", O_BINARY},
{"cio", O_CIO},
{"direct", O_DIRECT},
{"directory", O_DIRECTORY},
{"dsync", O_DSYNC},
{"noatime", O_NOATIME},
{"noctty", O_NOCTTY},
{"nofollow", HAVE_WORKING_O_NOFOLLOW ? O_NOFOLLOW : 0},
{"nolinks", O_NOLINKS},
{"nonblock", O_NONBLOCK},
{"sync", O_SYNC},
{"text", O_TEXT},
{"fullblock", O_FULLBLOCK}, /* Accumulate full blocks from input. */
{"", 0}
};
/* Status, for status="...". */
static struct symbol_value const statuses[] =
{
{"noxfer", STATUS_NOXFER},
{"", 0}
};
/* Translation table formed by applying successive transformations. */
static unsigned char trans_table[256];
static char const ascii_to_ebcdic[] =
{
'\000', '\001', '\002', '\003', '\067', '\055', '\056', '\057',
'\026', '\005', '\045', '\013', '\014', '\015', '\016', '\017',
'\020', '\021', '\022', '\023', '\074', '\075', '\062', '\046',
'\030', '\031', '\077', '\047', '\034', '\035', '\036', '\037',
'\100', '\117', '\177', '\173', '\133', '\154', '\120', '\175',
'\115', '\135', '\134', '\116', '\153', '\140', '\113', '\141',
'\360', '\361', '\362', '\363', '\364', '\365', '\366', '\367',
'\370', '\371', '\172', '\136', '\114', '\176', '\156', '\157',
'\174', '\301', '\302', '\303', '\304', '\305', '\306', '\307',
'\310', '\311', '\321', '\322', '\323', '\324', '\325', '\326',
'\327', '\330', '\331', '\342', '\343', '\344', '\345', '\346',
'\347', '\350', '\351', '\112', '\340', '\132', '\137', '\155',
'\171', '\201', '\202', '\203', '\204', '\205', '\206', '\207',
'\210', '\211', '\221', '\222', '\223', '\224', '\225', '\226',
'\227', '\230', '\231', '\242', '\243', '\244', '\245', '\246',
'\247', '\250', '\251', '\300', '\152', '\320', '\241', '\007',
'\040', '\041', '\042', '\043', '\044', '\025', '\006', '\027',
'\050', '\051', '\052', '\053', '\054', '\011', '\012', '\033',
'\060', '\061', '\032', '\063', '\064', '\065', '\066', '\010',
'\070', '\071', '\072', '\073', '\004', '\024', '\076', '\341',
'\101', '\102', '\103', '\104', '\105', '\106', '\107', '\110',
'\111', '\121', '\122', '\123', '\124', '\125', '\126', '\127',
'\130', '\131', '\142', '\143', '\144', '\145', '\146', '\147',
'\150', '\151', '\160', '\161', '\162', '\163', '\164', '\165',
'\166', '\167', '\170', '\200', '\212', '\213', '\214', '\215',
'\216', '\217', '\220', '\232', '\233', '\234', '\235', '\236',
'\237', '\240', '\252', '\253', '\254', '\255', '\256', '\257',
'\260', '\261', '\262', '\263', '\264', '\265', '\266', '\267',
'\270', '\271', '\272', '\273', '\274', '\275', '\276', '\277',
'\312', '\313', '\314', '\315', '\316', '\317', '\332', '\333',
'\334', '\335', '\336', '\337', '\352', '\353', '\354', '\355',
'\356', '\357', '\372', '\373', '\374', '\375', '\376', '\377'
};
static char const ascii_to_ibm[] =
{
'\000', '\001', '\002', '\003', '\067', '\055', '\056', '\057',
'\026', '\005', '\045', '\013', '\014', '\015', '\016', '\017',
'\020', '\021', '\022', '\023', '\074', '\075', '\062', '\046',
'\030', '\031', '\077', '\047', '\034', '\035', '\036', '\037',
'\100', '\132', '\177', '\173', '\133', '\154', '\120', '\175',
'\115', '\135', '\134', '\116', '\153', '\140', '\113', '\141',
'\360', '\361', '\362', '\363', '\364', '\365', '\366', '\367',
'\370', '\371', '\172', '\136', '\114', '\176', '\156', '\157',
'\174', '\301', '\302', '\303', '\304', '\305', '\306', '\307',
'\310', '\311', '\321', '\322', '\323', '\324', '\325', '\326',
'\327', '\330', '\331', '\342', '\343', '\344', '\345', '\346',
'\347', '\350', '\351', '\255', '\340', '\275', '\137', '\155',
'\171', '\201', '\202', '\203', '\204', '\205', '\206', '\207',
'\210', '\211', '\221', '\222', '\223', '\224', '\225', '\226',
'\227', '\230', '\231', '\242', '\243', '\244', '\245', '\246',
'\247', '\250', '\251', '\300', '\117', '\320', '\241', '\007',
'\040', '\041', '\042', '\043', '\044', '\025', '\006', '\027',
'\050', '\051', '\052', '\053', '\054', '\011', '\012', '\033',
'\060', '\061', '\032', '\063', '\064', '\065', '\066', '\010',
'\070', '\071', '\072', '\073', '\004', '\024', '\076', '\341',
'\101', '\102', '\103', '\104', '\105', '\106', '\107', '\110',
'\111', '\121', '\122', '\123', '\124', '\125', '\126', '\127',
'\130', '\131', '\142', '\143', '\144', '\145', '\146', '\147',
'\150', '\151', '\160', '\161', '\162', '\163', '\164', '\165',
'\166', '\167', '\170', '\200', '\212', '\213', '\214', '\215',
'\216', '\217', '\220', '\232', '\233', '\234', '\235', '\236',
'\237', '\240', '\252', '\253', '\254', '\255', '\256', '\257',
'\260', '\261', '\262', '\263', '\264', '\265', '\266', '\267',
'\270', '\271', '\272', '\273', '\274', '\275', '\276', '\277',
'\312', '\313', '\314', '\315', '\316', '\317', '\332', '\333',
'\334', '\335', '\336', '\337', '\352', '\353', '\354', '\355',
'\356', '\357', '\372', '\373', '\374', '\375', '\376', '\377'
};
static char const ebcdic_to_ascii[] =
{
'\000', '\001', '\002', '\003', '\234', '\011', '\206', '\177',
'\227', '\215', '\216', '\013', '\014', '\015', '\016', '\017',
'\020', '\021', '\022', '\023', '\235', '\205', '\010', '\207',
'\030', '\031', '\222', '\217', '\034', '\035', '\036', '\037',
'\200', '\201', '\202', '\203', '\204', '\012', '\027', '\033',
'\210', '\211', '\212', '\213', '\214', '\005', '\006', '\007',
'\220', '\221', '\026', '\223', '\224', '\225', '\226', '\004',
'\230', '\231', '\232', '\233', '\024', '\025', '\236', '\032',
'\040', '\240', '\241', '\242', '\243', '\244', '\245', '\246',
'\247', '\250', '\133', '\056', '\074', '\050', '\053', '\041',
'\046', '\251', '\252', '\253', '\254', '\255', '\256', '\257',
'\260', '\261', '\135', '\044', '\052', '\051', '\073', '\136',
'\055', '\057', '\262', '\263', '\264', '\265', '\266', '\267',
'\270', '\271', '\174', '\054', '\045', '\137', '\076', '\077',
'\272', '\273', '\274', '\275', '\276', '\277', '\300', '\301',
'\302', '\140', '\072', '\043', '\100', '\047', '\075', '\042',
'\303', '\141', '\142', '\143', '\144', '\145', '\146', '\147',
'\150', '\151', '\304', '\305', '\306', '\307', '\310', '\311',
'\312', '\152', '\153', '\154', '\155', '\156', '\157', '\160',
'\161', '\162', '\313', '\314', '\315', '\316', '\317', '\320',
'\321', '\176', '\163', '\164', '\165', '\166', '\167', '\170',
'\171', '\172', '\322', '\323', '\324', '\325', '\326', '\327',
'\330', '\331', '\332', '\333', '\334', '\335', '\336', '\337',
'\340', '\341', '\342', '\343', '\344', '\345', '\346', '\347',
'\173', '\101', '\102', '\103', '\104', '\105', '\106', '\107',
'\110', '\111', '\350', '\351', '\352', '\353', '\354', '\355',
'\175', '\112', '\113', '\114', '\115', '\116', '\117', '\120',
'\121', '\122', '\356', '\357', '\360', '\361', '\362', '\363',
'\134', '\237', '\123', '\124', '\125', '\126', '\127', '\130',
'\131', '\132', '\364', '\365', '\366', '\367', '\370', '\371',
'\060', '\061', '\062', '\063', '\064', '\065', '\066', '\067',
'\070', '\071', '\372', '\373', '\374', '\375', '\376', '\377'
};
/* True if we need to close the standard output *stream*. */
static bool close_stdout_required = true;
/* The only reason to close the standard output *stream* is if
parse_long_options fails (as it does for --help or --version).
In any other case, dd uses only the STDOUT_FILENO file descriptor,
and the "cleanup" function calls "close (STDOUT_FILENO)".
Closing the file descriptor and then letting the usual atexit-run
close_stdout function call "fclose (stdout)" would result in a
harmless failure of the close syscall (with errno EBADF).
This function serves solely to avoid the unnecessary close_stdout
call, once parse_long_options has succeeded.
Meanwhile, we guarantee that the standard error stream is flushed,
by inlining the last half of close_stdout as needed. */
static void
maybe_close_stdout (void)
{
if (close_stdout_required)
close_stdout ();
else if (close_stream (stderr) != 0)
_exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
void
usage (int status)
{
if (status != EXIT_SUCCESS)
fprintf (stderr, _("Try `%s --help' for more information.\n"),
program_name);
else
{
printf (_("\
Usage: %s [OPERAND]...\n\
or: %s OPTION\n\
"),
program_name, program_name);
fputs (_("\
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the operands.\n\
\n\
bs=BYTES read and write BYTES bytes at a time (also see ibs=,obs=)\n\
cbs=BYTES convert BYTES bytes at a time\n\
conv=CONVS convert the file as per the comma separated symbol list\n\
count=BLOCKS copy only BLOCKS input blocks\n\
ibs=BYTES read BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
if=FILE read from FILE instead of stdin\n\
iflag=FLAGS read as per the comma separated symbol list\n\
obs=BYTES write BYTES bytes at a time (default: 512)\n\
of=FILE write to FILE instead of stdout\n\
oflag=FLAGS write as per the comma separated symbol list\n\
seek=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output\n\
skip=BLOCKS skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input\n\
status=noxfer suppress transfer statistics\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
\n\
BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes:\n\
c =1, w =2, b =512, kB =1000, K =1024, MB =1000*1000, M =1024*1024, xM =M\n\
GB =1000*1000*1000, G =1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.\n\
\n\
Each CONV symbol may be:\n\
\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
ascii from EBCDIC to ASCII\n\
ebcdic from ASCII to EBCDIC\n\
ibm from ASCII to alternate EBCDIC\n\
block pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size\n\
unblock replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline\n\
lcase change upper case to lower case\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
nocreat do not create the output file\n\
excl fail if the output file already exists\n\
notrunc do not truncate the output file\n\
ucase change lower case to upper case\n\
swab swap every pair of input bytes\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
noerror continue after read errors\n\
sync pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used\n\
with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs\n\
fdatasync physically write output file data before finishing\n\
fsync likewise, but also write metadata\n\
"), stdout);
fputs (_("\
\n\
Each FLAG symbol may be:\n\
\n\
append append mode (makes sense only for output; conv=notrunc suggested)\n\
"), stdout);
if (O_CIO)
fputs (_(" cio use concurrent I/O for data\n"), stdout);
if (O_DIRECT)
fputs (_(" direct use direct I/O for data\n"), stdout);
if (O_DIRECTORY)
fputs (_(" directory fail unless a directory\n"), stdout);
if (O_DSYNC)
fputs (_(" dsync use synchronized I/O for data\n"), stdout);
if (O_SYNC)
fputs (_(" sync likewise, but also for metadata\n"), stdout);
fputs (_(" fullblock accumulate full blocks of input (iflag only)\n"),
stdout);
if (O_NONBLOCK)
fputs (_(" nonblock use non-blocking I/O\n"), stdout);
if (O_NOATIME)
fputs (_(" noatime do not update access time\n"), stdout);
if (O_NOCTTY)
fputs (_(" noctty do not assign controlling terminal from file\n"),
stdout);
if (HAVE_WORKING_O_NOFOLLOW)
fputs (_(" nofollow do not follow symlinks\n"), stdout);
if (O_NOLINKS)
fputs (_(" nolinks fail if multiply-linked\n"), stdout);
if (O_BINARY)
fputs (_(" binary use binary I/O for data\n"), stdout);
if (O_TEXT)
fputs (_(" text use text I/O for data\n"), stdout);
{
char const *siginfo_name = (SIGINFO == SIGUSR1 ? "USR1" : "INFO");
printf (_("\
\n\
Sending a %s signal to a running `dd' process makes it\n\
print I/O statistics to standard error and then resume copying.\n\
\n\
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!\n\
$ kill -%s $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid\n\
18335302+0 records in\n\
18335302+0 records out\n\
9387674624 bytes (9.4 GB) copied, 34.6279 seconds, 271 MB/s\n\
\n\
Options are:\n\
\n\
"),
siginfo_name, siginfo_name);
}
fputs (HELP_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
fputs (VERSION_OPTION_DESCRIPTION, stdout);
emit_ancillary_info ();
}
exit (status);
}
static void
translate_charset (char const *new_trans)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
trans_table[i] = new_trans[trans_table[i]];
translation_needed = true;
}
/* Return true if I has more than one bit set. I must be nonnegative. */
static inline bool
multiple_bits_set (int i)
{
return MULTIPLE_BITS_SET (i);
}
/* Print transfer statistics. */
static void
print_stats (void)
{
xtime_t now = gethrxtime ();
char hbuf[LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE + 1];
int human_opts =
(human_autoscale | human_round_to_nearest
| human_space_before_unit | human_SI | human_B);
double delta_s;
char const *bytes_per_second;
fprintf (stderr,
_("%"PRIuMAX"+%"PRIuMAX" records in\n"
"%"PRIuMAX"+%"PRIuMAX" records out\n"),
r_full, r_partial, w_full, w_partial);
if (r_truncate != 0)
fprintf (stderr,
ngettext ("%"PRIuMAX" truncated record\n",
"%"PRIuMAX" truncated records\n",
select_plural (r_truncate)),
r_truncate);
if (status_flags & STATUS_NOXFER)
return;
/* Use integer arithmetic to compute the transfer rate,
since that makes it easy to use SI abbreviations. */
fprintf (stderr,
ngettext ("%"PRIuMAX" byte (%s) copied",
"%"PRIuMAX" bytes (%s) copied",
select_plural (w_bytes)),
w_bytes,
human_readable (w_bytes, hbuf, human_opts, 1, 1));
if (start_time < now)
{
double XTIME_PRECISIONe0 = XTIME_PRECISION;
uintmax_t delta_xtime = now;
delta_xtime -= start_time;
delta_s = delta_xtime / XTIME_PRECISIONe0;
bytes_per_second = human_readable (w_bytes, hbuf, human_opts,
XTIME_PRECISION, delta_xtime);
}
else
{
delta_s = 0;
bytes_per_second = _("Infinity B");
}
/* TRANSLATORS: The two instances of "s" in this string are the SI
symbol "s" (meaning second), and should not be translated.
This format used to be:
ngettext (", %g second, %s/s\n", ", %g seconds, %s/s\n", delta_s == 1)
but that was incorrect for languages like Polish. To fix this
bug we now use SI symbols even though they're a bit more
confusing in English. */
fprintf (stderr, _(", %g s, %s/s\n"), delta_s, bytes_per_second);
}
static void
cleanup (void)
{
if (close (STDIN_FILENO) < 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
_("closing input file %s"), quote (input_file));
/* Don't remove this call to close, even though close_stdout
closes standard output. This close is necessary when cleanup
is called as part of a signal handler. */
if (close (STDOUT_FILENO) < 0)
error (EXIT_FAILURE, errno,
_("closing output file %s"), quote (output_file));
}
static void ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
quit (int code)
{
cleanup ();
print_stats ();
process_signals ();
exit (code);
}
/* An ordinary signal was received; arrange for the program to exit. */
static void
interrupt_handler (int sig)
{
if (! SA_RESETHAND)
signal (sig, SIG_DFL);
interrupt_signal = sig;
}
/* An info signal was received; arrange for the program to print status. */
static void
siginfo_handler (int sig)
{
if (! SA_NOCLDSTOP)
signal (sig, siginfo_handler);
info_signal_count++;
}
/* Install the signal handlers. */
static void
install_signal_handlers (void)
{
bool catch_siginfo = ! (SIGINFO == SIGUSR1 && getenv ("POSIXLY_CORRECT"));
#if SA_NOCLDSTOP
struct sigaction act;
sigemptyset (&caught_signals);
if (catch_siginfo)
{
sigaction (SIGINFO, NULL, &act);
if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
sigaddset (&caught_signals, SIGINFO);
}
sigaction (SIGINT, NULL, &act);
if (act.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
sigaddset (&caught_signals, SIGINT);
act.sa_mask = caught_signals;
if (sigismember (&caught_signals, SIGINFO))
{
act.sa_handler = siginfo_handler;
act.sa_flags = 0;
sigaction (SIGINFO, &act, NULL);
}
if (sigismember (&caught_signals, SIGINT))
{
/* POSIX 1003.1-2001 says SA_RESETHAND implies SA_NODEFER,
but this is not true on Solaris 8 at least. It doesn't
hurt to use SA_NODEFER here, so leave it in. */
act.sa_handler = interrupt_handler;
act.sa_flags = SA_NODEFER | SA_RESETHAND;
sigaction (SIGINT, &act, NULL);
}
#else
if (catch_siginfo && signal (SIGINFO, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
{
signal (SIGINFO, siginfo_handler);
siginterrupt (SIGINFO, 1);
}
if (signal (SIGINT, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
{
signal (SIGINT, interrupt_handler);
siginterrupt (SIGINT, 1);
}
#endif
}
/* Process any pending signals. If signals are caught, this function
should be called periodically. Ideally there should never be an
unbounded amount of time when signals are not being processed. */
static void
process_signals (void)
{
while (interrupt_signal || info_signal_count)
{
int interrupt;
int infos;
sigset_t oldset;
sigprocmask (SIG_BLOCK, &caught_signals, &oldset);
/* Reload interrupt_signal and info_signal_count, in case a new
signal was handled before sigprocmask took effect. */
interrupt = interrupt_signal;
infos = info_signal_count;
if (infos)
info_signal_count = infos - 1;
sigprocmask (SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
if (interrupt)
cleanup ();
print_stats ();
if (interrupt)
raise (interrupt);
}
}
/* Read from FD into the buffer BUF of size SIZE, processing any
signals that arrive before bytes are read. Return the number of
bytes read if successful, -1 (setting errno) on failure. */
static ssize_t
iread (int fd, char *buf, size_t size)
{
for (;;)
{
ssize_t nread;
process_signals ();
nread = read (fd, buf, size);
if (! (nread < 0 && errno == EINTR))
return nread;
}
}
/* Wrapper around iread function to accumulate full blocks. */
static ssize_t
iread_fullblock (int fd, char *buf, size_t size)
{
ssize_t nread = 0;
while (0 < size)
{
ssize_t ncurr = iread (fd, buf, size);
if (ncurr < 0)
return ncurr;
if (ncurr == 0)
break;
nread += ncurr;
buf += ncurr;
size -= ncurr;
}
return nread;
}
/* Write to FD the buffer BUF of size SIZE, processing any signals
that arrive. Return the number of bytes written, setting errno if
this is less than SIZE. Keep trying if there are partial
writes. */
static size_t
iwrite (int fd, char const *buf, size_t size)
{
size_t total_written = 0;
if ((output_flags & O_DIRECT) && size < output_blocksize)
{
int old_flags = fcntl (STDOUT_FILENO, F_GETFL);
if (fcntl (STDOUT_FILENO, F_SETFL, old_flags & ~O_DIRECT) != 0)
error (0, errno, _("failed to turn off O_DIRECT: %s"),
quote (output_file));
/* Since we have just turned off O_DIRECT for the final write,
here we try to preserve some of its semantics. First, use
posix_fadvise to tell the system not to pollute the buffer
cache with this data. Don't bother to diagnose lseek or
posix_fadvise failure. */
#ifdef POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED
off_t off = lseek (STDOUT_FILENO, 0, SEEK_CUR);
if (0 <= off)
ignore_value (posix_fadvise (STDOUT_FILENO,
off, 0, POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED));
#endif
/* Attempt to ensure that that final block is committed
to disk as quickly as possible. */
conversions_mask |= C_FSYNC;
}
while (total_written < size)
{
ssize_t nwritten;
process_signals ();
nwritten = write (fd, buf + total_written, size - total_written);
if (nwritten < 0)
{
if (errno != EINTR)
break;
}
else if (nwritten == 0)
{
/* Some buggy drivers return 0 when one tries to write beyond
a device's end. (Example: Linux kernel 1.2.13 on /dev/fd0.)
Set errno to ENOSPC so they get a sensible diagnostic. */
errno = ENOSPC;
break;
}
else
total_written += nwritten;
}
return total_written;
}
/* Write, then empty, the output buffer `obuf'. */
static void
write_output (void)
{
size_t nwritten = iwrite (STDOUT_FILENO, obuf, output_blocksize);
w_bytes += nwritten;
if (nwritten != output_blocksize)
{
error (0, errno, _("writing to %s"), quote (output_file));
if (nwritten != 0)
w_partial++;
quit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
w_full++;
oc = 0;
}
/* Return true if STR is of the form "PATTERN" or "PATTERNDELIM...". */
static bool
operand_matches (char const *str, char const *pattern, char delim)
{
while (*pattern)
if (*str++ != *pattern++)
return false;
return !*str || *str == delim;
}
/* Interpret one "conv=..." or similar operand STR according to the
symbols in TABLE, returning the flags specified. If the operand
cannot be parsed, use ERROR_MSGID to generate a diagnostic. */
static int
parse_symbols (char const *str, struct symbol_value const *table,
char const *error_msgid)
{
int value = 0;
for (;;)
{
char const *strcomma = strchr (str, ',');
struct symbol_value const *entry;
for (entry = table;
! (operand_matches (str, entry->symbol, ',') && entry->value);
entry++)
{
if (! entry->symbol[0])
{
size_t slen = strcomma ? strcomma - str : strlen (str);
error (0, 0, "%s: %s", _(error_msgid),
quotearg_n_style_mem (0, locale_quoting_style, str, slen));
usage (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
value |= entry->value;
if (!strcomma)
break;
str = strcomma + 1;
}
return value;
}
/* Return the value of STR, interpreted as a non-negative decimal integer,
optionally multiplied by various values.
Set *INVALID if STR does not represent a number in this format. */
static uintmax_t
parse_integer (const char *str, bool *invalid)
{
uintmax_t n;
char *suffix;
enum strtol_error e = xstrtoumax (str, &suffix, 10, &n, "bcEGkKMPTwYZ0");
if (e == LONGINT_INVALID_SUFFIX_CHAR && *suffix == 'x')
{
uintmax_t multiplier = parse_integer (suffix + 1, invalid);
if (multiplier != 0 && n * multiplier / multiplier != n)
{
*invalid = true;
return 0;
}
n *= multiplier;
}
else if (e != LONGINT_OK)
{
*invalid = true;
return 0;
}
return n;
}
/* OPERAND is of the form "X=...". Return true if X is NAME. */
static bool
operand_is (char const *operand, char const *name)
{
return operand_matches (operand, name, '=');
}