chore(docs): language reference for wing launch

[staycoolcall911]

This PR introduces an up-to-date language reference - all wishlist/roadmap feature mentions were deleted and instead put into new/existing issues, with a link in a newly added "Roadmap" paragraph at the end of relevant sections..
All code samples (Wing and TypeScript) were tested and should successfully compile.

Rendered version of the language reference.

Fixes #2420

TODO

• I'll remove all typescript code samples in a follow-up PR

Misc

• Changed the rust debugger to debug the current open .w file by default (relevant contributor guide doc updated).
• Small fix of a couple of tree-sitter test headlines.
• Fixes Behavior of for loops is not properly defined #2696 - by defining the behavior of for loops.

I simply removed the following spec features/requirements:

1. In 1.1.4.8 Json logging
   “It is also legal to just log a json object”
2. In 1.2 Utility Functions:
   “The above functions can accept variadic arguments of any type except throw which only accepts one argument and that is the message to be contained in the error.”
3. In 1.4 Storage modifiers:
   “The name of any static data member and static member function must be different from the name of the containing class regardless of the casing.”
4. In 2.6 For:
   “Type annotation after an iteratee (left hand side of in) is optional.”
5. In 3.2 Classes:
   “Optionals are initialized to nil if omitted, unless the type is nil?, which in that case, absent initialization is a compile error.
   
   Member function and field access in constructor with the "this" keyword before
   all fields are initialized is invalid and would throw a compile error.
   
   In other words, the this keyword is immutable to its field access operator .
   before all the member fields are properly initialized. The behavior is similar to JavaScript and TypeScript in their "strict" mode.”
6. In 3.3 Preflight classes:
   Scope and ID are “both overrideable by user-defined ones in constructor.”
7. In 3.8 Enumeration:
   “Last comma is optional in single line definitions but required in multi line definitions.”
   “nameof operator”
8. Entire section: 6.1.2 Shell strings
9. Entire section: 6.4 Kitchen Sink
10. Entire section: Inspiration (last section)

Issues opened/changed to track spec completeness:

• Opened issues:
  • Struct Declaration: Default Value #3121
  • Class declaration: overloading constructor and methods #3123
  • Function arguments: compiler should throw an error if optional arguments appear before non-optionals #3129
  • Json: schema validation and assignment to struct #3139
  • Json: Equality, diff and patch #3140
  • Json.entries() #3142
• Changed description:
  • Access Modifiers #108
  • Optionality: advanced behavior #2103
  • Await/Defer Statement #116
  • Function Declaration: Variadic Arguments #125
  • Computed Properties #128
  • Module System - Exports #129
  • Wing libraries #130
  • Json Advanced Functionality #1737

Checklist

• Title matches Winglang's style guide
• Description explains motivation and solution
• Tests added (always)
• Docs updated (only required for features)
• Added pr/e2e-full label if this feature requires end-to-end testing

By submitting this pull request, I confirm that my contribution is made under the terms of the Monada Contribution License.

[Chriscbr]

What a cleanup! Though there's a lot of red, it's just as impressive how much of our initial spec we do have working. I have a feeling we will have a lot of new GitHub issues after this 😄

[staycoolcall911]

@Chriscbr - do you know what's the planned location of the winglang reference file in the docs? It would be great if you could put the current version of winglang-spec in there so I'll point my file changes to this file and we could see the diff.

[mergify]

Thank you for contributing! Your pull request will be updated from main and then merged automatically (do not update manually, and be sure to allow changes to be pushed to your fork).

[monadabot]

Congrats! 🚀 This was released in Wing 0.22.43.