nb_lib.h

/*
    nanobind/nb_lib.h: Interface to libnanobind.so

    Copyright (c) 2022 Wenzel Jakob

    All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
    BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
*/

NAMESPACE_BEGIN(NB_NAMESPACE)

// Forward declarations for types in dlpack.h (1)
namespace dlpack { struct dltensor; struct dtype; }

NAMESPACE_BEGIN(detail)

// Forward declarations for types in dlpack.h (2)
struct ndarray_handle;
struct ndarray_req;

/**
 * Helper class to clean temporaries created by function dispatch.
 * The first element serves a special role: it stores the 'self'
 * object of method calls (for rv_policy::reference_internal).
 */
struct NB_CORE cleanup_list {
public:
    static constexpr uint32_t Small = 6;

    cleanup_list(PyObject *self) :
        m_size{1},
        m_capacity{Small},
        m_data{m_local} {
        m_local[0] = self;
    }

    ~cleanup_list() = default;

    /// Append a single PyObject to the cleanup stack
    NB_INLINE void append(PyObject *value) noexcept {
        if (m_size >= m_capacity)
            expand();
        m_data[m_size++] = value;
    }

    NB_INLINE PyObject *self() const {
        return m_local[0];
    }

    /// Decrease the reference count of all appended objects
    void release() noexcept;

    /// Does the list contain any entries? (besides the 'self' argument)
    bool used() { return m_size != 1; }

    /// Return the size of the cleanup stack
    size_t size() const { return m_size; }

    /// Subscript operator
    PyObject *operator[](size_t index) const { return m_data[index]; }

protected:
    /// Out of memory, expand..
    void expand() noexcept;

protected:
    uint32_t m_size;
    uint32_t m_capacity;
    PyObject **m_data;
    PyObject *m_local[Small];
};

// ========================================================================

/// Raise a runtime error with the given message
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    __attribute__((noreturn, __format__ (__printf__, 1, 2)))
#else
    [[noreturn]]
#endif
NB_CORE void raise(const char *fmt, ...);

/// Raise a type error with the given message
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    __attribute__((noreturn, __format__ (__printf__, 1, 2)))
#else
    [[noreturn]]
#endif
NB_CORE void raise_type_error(const char *fmt, ...);

/// Abort the process with a fatal error
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    __attribute__((noreturn, __format__ (__printf__, 1, 2)))
#else
    [[noreturn]]
#endif
NB_CORE void fail(const char *fmt, ...) noexcept;

/// Raise nanobind::python_error after an error condition was found
[[noreturn]] NB_CORE void raise_python_error();

/// Raise nanobind::next_overload
NB_CORE void raise_next_overload_if_null(void *p);

/// Raise nanobind::cast_error
NB_CORE void raise_cast_error();

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE void init(const char *domain);

// ========================================================================

/// Convert a Python object into a Python unicode string
NB_CORE PyObject *str_from_obj(PyObject *o);

/// Convert an UTF8 null-terminated C string into a Python unicode string
NB_CORE PyObject *str_from_cstr(const char *c);

/// Convert an UTF8 C string + size into a Python unicode string
NB_CORE PyObject *str_from_cstr_and_size(const char *c, size_t n);

// ========================================================================

/// Convert a Python object into a Python byte string
NB_CORE PyObject *bytes_from_obj(PyObject *o);

/// Convert an UTF8 null-terminated C string into a Python byte string
NB_CORE PyObject *bytes_from_cstr(const char *c);

/// Convert an UTF8 C string + size into a Python byte string
NB_CORE PyObject *bytes_from_cstr_and_size(const char *c, size_t n);

// ========================================================================

/// Convert a Python object into a Python boolean object
NB_CORE PyObject *bool_from_obj(PyObject *o);

/// Convert a Python object into a Python integer object
NB_CORE PyObject *int_from_obj(PyObject *o);

/// Convert a Python object into a Python floating point object
NB_CORE PyObject *float_from_obj(PyObject *o);

// ========================================================================

/// Convert a Python object into a Python list
NB_CORE PyObject *list_from_obj(PyObject *o);

/// Convert a Python object into a Python tuple
NB_CORE PyObject *tuple_from_obj(PyObject *o);

// ========================================================================

/// Get an object attribute or raise an exception
NB_CORE PyObject *getattr(PyObject *obj, const char *key);
NB_CORE PyObject *getattr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key);

/// Get an object attribute or return a default value (never raises)
NB_CORE PyObject *getattr(PyObject *obj, const char *key, PyObject *def) noexcept;
NB_CORE PyObject *getattr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key, PyObject *def) noexcept;

/// Get an object attribute or raise an exception. Skip if 'out' is non-null
NB_CORE void getattr_or_raise(PyObject *obj, const char *key, PyObject **out);
NB_CORE void getattr_or_raise(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key, PyObject **out);

/// Set an object attribute or raise an exception
NB_CORE void setattr(PyObject *obj, const char *key, PyObject *value);
NB_CORE void setattr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key, PyObject *value);

/// Delete an object attribute or raise an exception
NB_CORE void delattr(PyObject *obj, const char *key);
NB_CORE void delattr(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key);

// ========================================================================

/// Index into an object or raise an exception. Skip if 'out' is non-null
NB_CORE void getitem_or_raise(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t, PyObject **out);
NB_CORE void getitem_or_raise(PyObject *obj, const char *key, PyObject **out);
NB_CORE void getitem_or_raise(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key, PyObject **out);

/// Set an item or raise an exception
NB_CORE void setitem(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t, PyObject *value);
NB_CORE void setitem(PyObject *obj, const char *key, PyObject *value);
NB_CORE void setitem(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key, PyObject *value);

/// Delete an item or raise an exception
NB_CORE void delitem(PyObject *obj, Py_ssize_t);
NB_CORE void delitem(PyObject *obj, const char *key);
NB_CORE void delitem(PyObject *obj, PyObject *key);

// ========================================================================

/// Determine the length of a Python object
NB_CORE size_t obj_len(PyObject *o);

/// Try to roughly determine the length of a Python object
NB_CORE size_t obj_len_hint(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Obtain a string representation of a Python object
NB_CORE PyObject* obj_repr(PyObject *o);

/// Perform a comparison between Python objects and handle errors
NB_CORE bool obj_comp(PyObject *a, PyObject *b, int value);

/// Perform an unary operation on a Python object with error handling
NB_CORE PyObject *obj_op_1(PyObject *a, PyObject* (*op)(PyObject*));

/// Perform an unary operation on a Python object with error handling
NB_CORE PyObject *obj_op_2(PyObject *a, PyObject *b,
                           PyObject *(*op)(PyObject *, PyObject *));

// Perform a vector function call
NB_CORE PyObject *obj_vectorcall(PyObject *base, PyObject *const *args,
                                 size_t nargsf, PyObject *kwnames,
                                 bool method_call);

/// Create an iterator from 'o', raise an exception in case of errors
NB_CORE PyObject *obj_iter(PyObject *o);

/// Advance the iterator 'o', raise an exception in case of errors
NB_CORE PyObject *obj_iter_next(PyObject *o);

// ========================================================================

// Conversion validity check done by nb::make_tuple
NB_CORE void tuple_check(PyObject *tuple, size_t nargs);

// ========================================================================

// Append a single argument to a function call
NB_CORE void call_append_arg(PyObject *args, size_t &nargs, PyObject *value);

// Append a variable-length sequence of arguments to a function call
NB_CORE void call_append_args(PyObject *args, size_t &nargs, PyObject *value);

// Append a single keyword argument to a function call
NB_CORE void call_append_kwarg(PyObject *kwargs, const char *name, PyObject *value);

// Append a variable-length dictionary of keyword arguments to a function call
NB_CORE void call_append_kwargs(PyObject *kwargs, PyObject *value);

// ========================================================================

// If the given sequence has the size 'size', return a pointer to its contents.
// May produce a temporary.
NB_CORE PyObject **seq_get_with_size(PyObject *seq, size_t size,
                                     PyObject **temp) noexcept;

// Like the above, but return the size instead of checking it.
NB_CORE PyObject **seq_get(PyObject *seq, size_t *size,
                           PyObject **temp) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Create a new capsule object with a name
NB_CORE PyObject *capsule_new(const void *ptr, const char *name,
                              void (*cleanup)(void *) noexcept) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Create a Python function object for the given function record
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_func_new(const void *data) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Create a Python type object for the given type record
struct type_init_data;
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_new(const type_init_data *c) noexcept;

/// Extract a pointer to a C++ type underlying a Python object, if possible
NB_CORE bool nb_type_get(const std::type_info *t, PyObject *o, uint8_t flags,
                         cleanup_list *cleanup, void **out) noexcept;

/// Cast a C++ type instance into a Python object
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_put(const std::type_info *cpp_type, void *value,
                              rv_policy rvp, cleanup_list *cleanup,
                              bool *is_new = nullptr) noexcept;

// Special version of nb_type_put for polymorphic classes
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_put_p(const std::type_info *cpp_type,
                                const std::type_info *cpp_type_p, void *value,
                                rv_policy rvp, cleanup_list *cleanup,
                                bool *is_new = nullptr) noexcept;

// Special version of 'nb_type_put' for unique pointers and ownership transfer
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_put_unique(const std::type_info *cpp_type,
                                     void *value, cleanup_list *cleanup,
                                     bool cpp_delete) noexcept;

// Special version of 'nb_type_put_unique' for polymorphic classes
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_put_unique_p(const std::type_info *cpp_type,
                                       const std::type_info *cpp_type_p,
                                       void *value, cleanup_list *cleanup,
                                       bool cpp_delete) noexcept;

/// Try to reliquish ownership from Python object to a unique_ptr
NB_CORE void nb_type_relinquish_ownership(PyObject *o, bool cpp_delete);

/// Get a pointer to a user-defined 'extra' value associated with the nb_type t.
NB_CORE void *nb_type_supplement(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Check if the given python object represents a nanobind type
NB_CORE bool nb_type_check(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Return the size of the type wrapped by the given nanobind type object
NB_CORE size_t nb_type_size(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Return the alignment of the type wrapped by the given nanobind type object
NB_CORE size_t nb_type_align(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Return a unicode string representing the long-form name of the given type
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_name(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Return a unicode string representing the long-form name of object's type
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_inst_name(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Return the C++ type_info wrapped by the given nanobind type object
NB_CORE const std::type_info *nb_type_info(PyObject *t) noexcept;

/// Get a pointer to the instance data of a nanobind instance (nb_inst)
NB_CORE void *nb_inst_ptr(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Check if a Python type object wraps an instance of a specific C++ type
NB_CORE bool nb_type_isinstance(PyObject *obj, const std::type_info *t) noexcept;

/// Search for the Python type object associated with a C++ type
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_type_lookup(const std::type_info *t) noexcept;

/// Allocate an instance of type 't'
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_inst_alloc(PyTypeObject *t);

/// Allocate an zero-initialized instance of type 't'
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_inst_alloc_zero(PyTypeObject *t);

/// Allocate an instance of type 't' referencing the existing 'ptr'
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_inst_reference(PyTypeObject *t, void *ptr,
                                    PyObject *parent);

/// Allocate an instance of type 't' taking ownership of the existing 'ptr'
NB_CORE PyObject *nb_inst_take_ownership(PyTypeObject *t, void *ptr);

/// Call the destructor of the given python object
NB_CORE void nb_inst_destruct(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Zero-initialize a POD type and mark it as ready + to be destructed upon GC
NB_CORE void nb_inst_zero(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Copy-construct 'dst' from 'src', mark it as ready and to be destructed (must have the same nb_type)
NB_CORE void nb_inst_copy(PyObject *dst, const PyObject *src) noexcept;

/// Move-construct 'dst' from 'src', mark it as ready and to be destructed (must have the same nb_type)
NB_CORE void nb_inst_move(PyObject *dst, const PyObject *src) noexcept;

/// Destruct 'dst', copy-construct 'dst' from 'src', mark ready and retain 'destruct' status (must have the same nb_type)
NB_CORE void nb_inst_replace_copy(PyObject *dst, const PyObject *src) noexcept;

/// Destruct 'dst', move-construct 'dst' from 'src', mark ready and retain 'destruct' status (must have the same nb_type)
NB_CORE void nb_inst_replace_move(PyObject *dst, const PyObject *src) noexcept;

/// Check if a particular instance uses a Python-derived type
NB_CORE bool nb_inst_python_derived(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Overwrite the instance's ready/destruct flags
NB_CORE void nb_inst_set_state(PyObject *o, bool ready, bool destruct) noexcept;

/// Query the 'ready' and 'destruct' flags of an instance
NB_CORE std::pair<bool, bool> nb_inst_state(PyObject *o) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

// Create and install a Python property object
NB_CORE void property_install(PyObject *scope, const char *name,
                              PyObject *getter, PyObject *setter) noexcept;

NB_CORE void property_install_static(PyObject *scope, const char *name,
                                     PyObject *getter,
                                     PyObject *setter) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE PyObject *get_override(void *ptr, const std::type_info *type,
                               const char *name, bool pure);

// ========================================================================

// Ensure that 'patient' cannot be GCed while 'nurse' is alive
NB_CORE void keep_alive(PyObject *nurse, PyObject *patient);

// Keep 'payload' alive until 'nurse' is GCed
NB_CORE void keep_alive(PyObject *nurse, void *payload,
                        void (*deleter)(void *) noexcept) noexcept;


// ========================================================================

/// Indicate to nanobind that an implicit constructor can convert 'src' -> 'dst'
NB_CORE void implicitly_convertible(const std::type_info *src,
                                    const std::type_info *dst) noexcept;

/// Register a callback to check if implicit conversion to 'dst' is possible
NB_CORE void implicitly_convertible(bool (*predicate)(PyTypeObject *,
                                                      PyObject *,
                                                      cleanup_list *),
                                    const std::type_info *dst) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Fill in slots for an enum type being built
NB_CORE void nb_enum_prepare(const type_init_data *t,
                             PyType_Slot *&slots, size_t max_slots) noexcept;

/// Add an entry to an enumeration
NB_CORE void nb_enum_put(PyObject *type, const char *name, const void *value,
                         const char *doc) noexcept;

/// Export enum entries to the parent scope
NB_CORE void nb_enum_export(PyObject *type);

// ========================================================================

/// Try to import a Python extension module, raises an exception upon failure
NB_CORE PyObject *module_import(const char *name);

/// Create a new extension module with the given name
NB_CORE PyObject *module_new(const char *name, PyModuleDef *def) noexcept;

/// Create a submodule of an existing module
NB_CORE PyObject *module_new_submodule(PyObject *base, const char *name,
                                       const char *doc) noexcept;


// ========================================================================

// Try to import a reference-counted ndarray object via DLPack
NB_CORE ndarray_handle *ndarray_import(PyObject *o, const ndarray_req *req,
                                       bool convert,
                                       cleanup_list *cleanup) noexcept;

// Describe a local ndarray object using a DLPack capsule
NB_CORE ndarray_handle *ndarray_create(void *value, size_t ndim,
                                       const size_t *shape, PyObject *owner,
                                       const int64_t *strides,
                                       dlpack::dtype *dtype, bool ro,
                                       int32_t device, int32_t device_id);

/// Increase the reference count of the given ndarray object; returns a pointer
/// to the underlying DLTensor
NB_CORE dlpack::dltensor *ndarray_inc_ref(ndarray_handle *) noexcept;

/// Decrease the reference count of the given ndarray object
NB_CORE void ndarray_dec_ref(ndarray_handle *) noexcept;

/// Wrap a ndarray_handle* into a PyCapsule
NB_CORE PyObject *ndarray_wrap(ndarray_handle *, int framework,
                               rv_policy policy, cleanup_list *cleanup) noexcept;

/// Check if an object is a known ndarray type (NumPy, PyTorch, Tensorflow, JAX)
NB_CORE bool ndarray_check(PyObject *o) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Print to stdout using Python
NB_CORE void print(PyObject *file, PyObject *str, PyObject *end);

// ========================================================================

typedef void (*exception_translator)(const std::exception_ptr &, void *);

NB_CORE void register_exception_translator(exception_translator translator,
                                           void *payload);

NB_CORE PyObject *exception_new(PyObject *mod, const char *name,
                                PyObject *base);

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE bool load_i8 (PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, int8_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_u8 (PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, uint8_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_i16(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, int16_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_u16(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, uint16_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_i32(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, int32_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_u32(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, uint32_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_i64(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, int64_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_u64(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, uint64_t *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_f32(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, float *out) noexcept;
NB_CORE bool load_f64(PyObject *o, uint8_t flags, double *out) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

/// Increase the reference count of 'o', and check that the GIL is held
NB_CORE void incref_checked(PyObject *o) noexcept;

/// Decrease the reference count of 'o', and check that the GIL is held
NB_CORE void decref_checked(PyObject *o) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE void set_leak_warnings(bool value) noexcept;
NB_CORE void set_implicit_cast_warnings(bool value) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE bool iterable_check(PyObject *o) noexcept;

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE void slice_compute(PyObject *slice, Py_ssize_t size,
                           Py_ssize_t &start, Py_ssize_t &stop,
                           Py_ssize_t &step, size_t &slice_length);

// ========================================================================

NB_CORE PyObject *repr_list(PyObject *o);
NB_CORE PyObject *repr_map(PyObject *o);

NB_CORE bool is_alive() noexcept;

#if NB_TYPE_GET_SLOT_IMPL
NB_CORE void *type_get_slot(PyTypeObject *t, int slot_id);
#endif

NAMESPACE_END(detail)

using detail::raise;
using detail::raise_type_error;
using detail::raise_python_error;

NAMESPACE_END(NB_NAMESPACE)