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<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=no">
<title>Transitions</title>
<!-- bootstrap -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="ext/bootstrap-4.0.0-beta/bootstrap.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/white.css">
<!-- Theme used for syntax highlighting of code -->
<!-- link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css" -->
<!-- Printing and PDF exports -->
<script>
var link = document.createElement( 'link' );
link.rel = 'stylesheet';
link.type = 'text/css';
link.href = window.location.search.match( /print-pdf/gi ) ? 'css/print/pdf.css' : 'css/print/paper.css';
document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( link );
</script>
<style>
.reveal section img {
background-color:white;
border:0;
box-shadow: 0 0 0 0;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<h3 style="text-transform: none !important;">With Kubernetes,<br />from AWS to Google Cloud Platform.</h1>
<img src="img/kubernetes_logo.svg" style="background-color:white;width:30%" />
<br />
<small>Wojciech Barczyński (wojciech.barczynski@smacc.io)</small>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Wojciech Barczyński</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-9'>
<ul>
<li>Senior Software Engineer<br />Lead of Warsaw Team - SMACC</li>
<li>Before:<br />System Engineer Lyke</li>
<li>Before:<br />1000+ nodes, 20 data centers with Openstack</li>
<!-- li>System Engineer background</li>
<li>Interests:<br />working software</li>
<li>Hobby:<br />teaching software engineering</li -->
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-2'>
<img src="img/moje_zdjecie.jpg" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Background</h3><!-- Dude, why should I listen to you? -->
<ul>
<li>10+ Developer and R&D</li>
<li>E-commerce, Artifical Intelligence, Data Centers</li>
<li>1.5y with Kubernetes, 3+ AWS, 1+ GCE<br />0+ ProfitBricks</li>
<li>3.5y with Openstack, 1000+ nodes, 21 data centers</li>
<li>I do not like INFRA</li>
<li>I do not like: puppet, chef, ansible,...</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!--
Tell me a story
-->
<section>
<h3>Story</h3><!-- Dude, why should I listen to you? -->
<ul>
<li>Lyke - [12.2016 - 07.2017]</li>
<li>SMACC - [10.2017 - present]</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!--
Tell me a story
-->
<section>
<img src="img/lyke_logo.png" />
</section>
<section>
<h2>Lyke</h2>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-6'>
<ul>
<li>E-commerce</li>
<li>Mobile-only</li>
<li>50k+ users</li>
<li>2M downloads</li>
<li>Top 10 Fashion Apps<br />w Google Play Store</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-5'>
<img src="img/lyke_user.jpg" />
<small>http://www.news.getlyke.com/single-post/2016/12/02/Introducing-the-New-Beautiful-LYKE</small>
</div>
</div>
<!--
https://e27.co/lyke-named-indonesian-pop-star-agnez-mo-co-founder-chief-creative-officer-20171026/
-->
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Good parts</h2>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-6'>
<ul>
<li>Fast Growth</li>
<li>A/B Testing</li>
<li>Data-driven</li>
<li>Product Manager,<br />UI Designer,<br />Mobile Dev,<br />and tester - one body</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-5'>
<img src="img/lyke_image_search.png" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- section>
From components -> Independent<br />
Independecy -> microservices<br />
różne strategie
</section -->
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Challenges 12.2016
- 50+ VMs in Amazon, 1 VM - 1 App, idle machine
- Puppet, hilarious (manual) deployment process
- fear
- forgotten components
- sometimes performance issues
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Approach
1. Simplify infrastructure
2. Change the Development practices
3. Change the work organization
</script>
</section>
<!-- WHY, HOW, WHAT -->
<section>
<h5>Why Kuberentes</h5>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-9'>
<ul>
<li>Data center as a black-box</li>
<li>Simple Semantic</li>
<li>Batteries for your 12factor apps</li>
<li>Meta-data support</li>
<li>Service discovery</li>
<li>Cloud-Provider independent, we can always move</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-3'>
<img src="img/k8s_logo.svg" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<!-- li>Utilized resources nearly 100%</li>
<li>Get to applications/services mindset</li>
<li>Enforce loosely couple software - 12factor apps, Amazon-API approach</li>
<li>Best practices included, e.g., name service, metadata discovery, ...</li -->
<section>
<h3>Kubernetes</h3>
<img src="img/k8s_intro.svg" style="width:90%"/>
<small><code>make docker_push; kubectl create -f app-srv-dpl.yaml</code></small>
</section>
<section>
<!-- h3>Kubernetes</h3 -->
<img src="img/k8s_deployment_and_pods.svg" style="width:90%"/>
</section>
<section>
<img src="img/k8s_service_and_pods.svg" style="width:90%" />
</section>
<section>
<h3>Pods</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-6'>
<ul>
<li>See each other on localhost</li>
<li>Live and die together</li>
<li>Can expose multiple ports</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-5'>
<img src="img/k8s_pod.svg" style="width:90%" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Side-cars</h3>
<img src="img/k8s_pod_2.svg" style="width:90%" />
</section>
<section>
<h4>Basic Concepts</h4>
<p><table>
<thread>
<tr>
<th>Name</th><th>Purpose</th><th></th>
</tr>
</thread>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Service</td><td>Interface</td><td>Entry point (Service Name)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Deployment</td><td>Factory</td><td>How many pods, which pods</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pod</td><td>Implementation</td><td>1+ docker running</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table></p>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Ingress controller
* api.x.ee/v2/users ➡ service: users-v2:80
* api.x.ee/v2/users/swagger-ui <br /> ➡ service: users-v2:8080
* api.x.ee ➡ service: website
Every service can have its own ingress config.
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Ingress Controller</h4>
<img src="img/traefik_architecture.svg" style="width:80%">
</section>
<section>
<h4>Scaling</h2>
<img src="img/k8s_scale_up.svg" style="width:80%">
<small><code>kubectl scale --replicas=3 -f app-srv-dpl.yaml</code></small>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Rolling Release</h2>
<img src="img/k8s_rolling_update_1.svg" style="width:80%">
<small><code>kubectl set image deployment/app app=app:v2.0.0</code></small>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Rolling Release</h2>
<img src="img/k8s_rolling_update_2.svg" style="width:80%">
<small><code>kubectl set image deployment/app app=app:v2.0.0</code></small>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Rolling Release</h2>
<img src="img/k8s_rolling_update_3.svg" style="width:80%">
<small><code>kubectl set image deployment/app app=app:v2.0.0</code></small>
</section>
<section>
<h4>Rolling Release</h2>
<p>We used:</p>
<ul>
<li>Basic Rolling Releases per Component (focus on simplicity)</li>
<li>A/B switches in Mobile App with Google Firebase</li>
</ul><br />
<small>BlueGreen Deployment - ingress controller</small>
<!-- before rocker bucket: https://github.com/rocket-internet-berlin/RocketBucket -->
</section>
<section>
<h4>Rolling Release with Deployments</h4>
<img src="img/k8s_rolling_out_updates.svg" style="width:80%"><br />
<small>Also possible</small>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### The best part
All the code lives in your git:
- integration with monitoring, alarming
- integration with ingress-controller
- smoke tests
- ...
- Devs can foget about infrastructure... almost
- Happy developers! ☺
<small>DevOps Culture Dream!</small>
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h5>Ingress Rule per Component</h5>
<small><code>cat tools/ingress-production.yaml</code></small><pre><code class="yaml" data-trim="" width="100%">---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
name: api-status
namespace: production
annotations:
kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
spec:
rules:
- host: api.example.com
http:
paths:
- path: /status
backend:
serviceName: api-status
servicePort: 80</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h5>Integration with Prometheus</h5>
<small><code>cat memcached-0-service.yaml</code></small><pre><code class="yaml" data-trim="" width="100%">---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: memcached-0
labels:
app: memcached
kubernetes.io/name: "memcached"
role: shard-0
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
prometheus.io/scheme: "http"
prometheus.io/path: "metrics"
prometheus.io/port: "9150"
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 11211
targetPort: 11211
selector:
app: memcached
role: shard-0</code></pre><small>https://github.com/skarab7/kubernetes-memcached</small>
</section>
<section>
<h5>Use Labels in Alert Rules</h5>
<pre><code>ALERT ProductionAppServiceInstanceDown
IF up { environment = "production", app =~ ".+"} == 0
FOR 4m
ANNOTATIONS {
summary = "Instance of {{$labels.app}} is down",
description = " Instance {{$labels.instance}} of app {{$labels.app}} has been down for more than 4 minutes"
}</code></pre>
<p>AlertManager</p>
</section>
<section>
<h5>Use Labels in Alert Routing</h5>
<small>Call somebody if the label is <code>severity=page</code>:</small>
<pre><code>---
group_by: [cluster]
# If an alert isn't caught by a route, send it to the pager.
receiver: team-pager
routes:
- match:
severity: page
receiver: team-pager
receivers:
- name: team-pager
opsgenie_configs:
- api_key: $API_KEY
teams: example_team</code></pre>
<small>AlertManager</small>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Simplify
- Google Identity-Aware-Proxy to protect all dashboards
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Infra repo
Terraform:
- Prometheus
- Grafana
- Centralized logging - EFK
- DNS entries
- Setup 3rd party, e.g., OpsGenie and StatusCake
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Infra repo
Config files:
- alertManager rules
- alertManager routing
- graph definitions
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Infra repo
Extras:
- TF for Google Identity-Aware-Proxy [*]
- external services pointing to AWS instances with <code>kubectl</code>
<small>[*] Setting up LB and Health-Checks</li>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Sum up
1. Kubectl and Kubernetes config files [*]
2. Terraform for the rest
3. Gopass for sharing secrets and configs
<small>[*] some components still needed manual intervention</small>
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h5>Google Container Engine</h5>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-6'>
<ul>
<li>Managed k8s</li>
<li>Integrated with Google Cloud</li>
<li>Identity-Aware Proxy</li>
<li>Google 2-factor auth</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-4'>
<img src="img/google_gce.svg" width="80%" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Managed
- Painless (1-2 second off-line) upgrades
- Scale-up and Scale-down
- No need to login to the nodes
- Google Docker Repository with no surprises
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Integration
- Load-Balancer and Health-checks
- Persistent volumes
- Graphic-card support added
- Sane Service accounts for CD and CI
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
#### Our final setup
- 2 clusters: staging and production
- use Google Database [*]
- instance for Prometheus+AlertManager and EFK
- 3rd parties: Opsgenie and StatusCake
- Still use AWS components: Lambda and Cloudfront
<small>[*] was planned</small>
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h8>Architecture During Migration</h8>
<img src="img/lyke_immediately_architecture.svg" width="85%"><!-- br /-->
<!-- small>No dev?</small -->
</section>
<section>
<h6>New with Old</h6>
<img src="img/lyke_new_with_old.svg" width="80%">
</section>
<section>
<h6>Old with new</h6>
<ul>
<li>Ad-hoc</li>
<li>DNS entries to nodes</li>
<li>Some talking over (secured) public endpoints</li>
</ul>
<small>I wish I introduced HashiCorp Consul earlier</small>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Change the Development practices</h2>
<small>See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conway%27s_law">Conway's law</a></small>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 1. Clean up
- Single script for repo - Makefile [1]
- Resurrect the README
<small>[1] With zsh or bash auto-completion plugin in your terminal.</small>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 2. Get back all the knowledge
- Puppet, Chef, ... ➡ Dockerfile
- Check the instances ➡ Dockerfile, README.rst
- Nagios, ... ➡ README.rst, <code>checks/</code>
</script>
</section>
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<script type="text/template">
### 3. Introduce run_local
- <code>make run_local</code>
- A nice section on how to run in README.rst
- Use: <code>docker-compose</code>
The most crucial point.
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 4. Get to kubernetes
- <code>make kube_create_config</code>
- <code>make kube_apply</code>
- Generate the yaml files if your envs differ
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 5. Continuous Deployment
Travis:
- test code, build docker, push to docker repo
- only run the rolling update:<br />
<code>kubectl set image deployment/api-status nginx=nginx:1.9.1</code>
- did not create any kubernetes artificats [*]
[*]
</script>
</section>
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### 5. Continuous Deployment
Complex components:
- with label-based matching, the sky is the limit
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<script type="text/template">
### 6. Keep it running
Bridge the new with old:
- Use external services in Kubernetes
- Add Kubernetes services to your Service Discovery [1]
<small>[1] I evaluated feeding K8S events to HashiCorp consul</small>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### 7. Introduce smoke-test
<pre><code class="bash"> TARGET_URL=127.0.0 make smoke_test
TARGET_URL=api.example.com/users make smoke_test</code></pre>
</script>
<small>Cut pinging tester or ... to check whether component really is running</small>
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<script type="text/template">
### 8. Got first micro-services
To offload the biggest components:
- Keep the light on of the old components
- New functionality delegated to micro-services
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</section>
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<script type="text/template">
### 9. Get performance testing
- introduce wrk for evaluating performance (more like a check for dockers)
- load test the real system
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</section>
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<script type="text/template">
### Service self-consciousness
Add to old services:
1. <i>metrics/</i>
2. <i>health/</i>
3. <i>info/</li>
4. <i>alertrules/</i> - PoC
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Change the work organization
- From Scrum
- To Kanban
For the next talk
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h6>What I would do different</h6>
<ul>
<li>More aggressive getting k8s components running in production</li>
<li>Cut all PoC to 2 weeks max (consul, Vault, Hydra,...)</li>
<li>Introduce HashiCorp in the old stack first</li>
<li>Migrate the data to Google Mysql earlier</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h6>Building new systems</h6>
<ul>
<li>Ability to replicate user traffic</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!--
-->
<section>
<img src="img/smacc_logo.png" width="60%">
</section>
<section>
<h3>SMACC</h3>
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class='col-md-5'>
<ul>
<li>End-to-end Automation<br />of Accounting</li>
<li>Recognized AI FinTech Startup in Germany</li>
<li>https://www.smacc.io/en/</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='col-md-7'>
<img src="img/smacc_invoice_understanding.png" width="100%" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
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<script type="text/template">
### Great Points
- Strong AI and Data Science Team
- Deep know how on accounting and finance processes
- a lot of tested code, strong engineering
<img src="img/smacc_brain.png" />
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Challenge
- Before noneed for strong System Engineering
- Initial experiment with ECS, not amazing
- Few monolith oversized components
- Business Pressure on choosing a EU cloud provider
- Customers at the gates!
</script>
</section>
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### Choice: ProfitBricks
- Terraform provider [X]
- Basic Load Balancing (layer 3) [X]
- DE [X]
</script>
</section -->
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<script type="text/template">
### Intermiediate state
- VPN between AWS and ProfitBricks
- smooth the transition period
</script>
</section -->
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<script type="text/template">
### Kubernetes
- OAuth2 from Azure DS
- TravisCI for Continuous Deployment
- ProfitBrikcs S3
- Databases as separate nodes
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### ProfitBricks
- Terraform provider [X]
- Basic Load Balancing (layer 3) [X]
- DE [X]
- Thanks to Kubernetes, we can eaily move to Amazon EKS, Google CE, or Azure Kubernetes if needed
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Next steps
- Building new services around the core AI product
- Tech-debt in check, we can focus on building an effective (modern) architecture
- Evaluating new: <a>linkerd.io</a>, <a>istio.io</a>
- missy - an auto-wiring microservice Open Source framework to forge our lesson-learnt into code (more on that next year :) )
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Next steps
- More on our platfrom and OpenSource projects in one of the next meetups
<img src="img/smacc_wallpainting.jpg" width="60%">
</script>
</section>
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<script type="text/template">
### Fun part
- 1 Person, 2 weeks: k8s + auth + CD
- developers can just focus on their applications
- We might move to Amazon EKS, Google CE, or Azure Kubernetes if needed
- Hard part: quotas, CPU and Memory limits...
</script>
</section -->
<section>
<h3>Summary</h3>
<ul>
<li>Changes happens: Single point of entry, README.rst</li>
<li>Kubernetes is the new Linux!</li>
<li>Less important your cloud provider</li>
<li>RAFT... CAP... in the end it is about people</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section data-background="img/smacc_header_IT_source.jpg" data-background-repeat="" data-background-size="100%" data-background-position="bottom" style="position: relative; top:0">
<h1>Thank you</h1>
</section>
<section>
<h7>From our developers, Warsaw Office in BL Astoria:</h7>
<img src="img/smacc_we_are_hiring.jpg" />
</section>
<section data-background="img/smacc_header_IT_source.jpg" data-background-repeat="" data-background-size="100%" data-background-position="bottom"
style="position: relative; top:0">
<h4>Questions?</h4>
</section>
<!--
BACKUP SLIDES
-->
<section data-background="img/smacc_header_IT_source.jpg" data-background-repeat="" data-background-size="100%" data-background-position="bottom" style="position: relative; top:0">
<h1>Backup Slides</h1>
</section>
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<script type="text/template">
#### Everything runs in Pod
Kubernetes administrated with kubernetes:
- everything run in pods
- e.g., you deploy your log collectors for k8s as pods:
<small>http://wbarczynski.pl/centralized-logging-for-kubernetes-with-fluentd-and-elasticsearch/</small>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Basic concepts
- config / secret ➡ config and files
- ingress-controller ➡ url pattern ➡ service
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</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Config
- env variables in deployment:
<pre><code class="yaml" data-trim="">
env:
- name: SEARCH_ENGINE_USER
value: mighty_mouse
</code></pre>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Config
- feed envs from configmaps:
<pre><code class="yaml" data-trim="" width="100%">
env:
- name: SEARCH_ENGINE_USER
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: my-config
key: search.user</code></pre>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Config
- you can ship files using configmaps/secrets
<pre><code class="bash">kubectl create configmap my-config-file
--from-file=config.json</code>
</pre>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Config
You can also run your own:
- HashiCorp Consul or etcd
- HashiCorp Vault
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## There is so much more
- resource quotas
- events in Kubernetes
- readiness probes
- liveness probes
- volumes
- stateful
- namespaces
- ...
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
## Kuberentes
- Awesome command-line
- Resilient platform
- simple YAML files to setup your service,
- service discovery included
- annotations and metadata discovery included
</script>
</section>
<section>
<h1>0.1 ➡ 1.0</h1>
<p>Your component needs to get much more smarter.</p>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Service self-consciousness
Your endpoint:
- <i>metrics/</i>
- <i>alertrules/</i>- [WIP]
- <i>health/</i> or <i>healthz/</i>
- <i>info/</li>
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Deep look inside
- when I am ready to serve requests
- when I need to restart myself
- what to do when dependent services are down
- ...
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>
<script type="text/template">
### Deep look inside
- Am I really stateless?
- Caching?
- fail-fast, start fast
</script>
</section>
<section data-markdown>