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#1475 tag equation with the default label
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wojtask committed May 7, 2023
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Before we formulate the main theorem, we will need the following lemma.
\begin{lemma}
Let $G=(V,E)$ be an undirected graph, where $|V|\ge3$ and
\begin{equation} \label{eq:degrees-sum}
\degree(u)+\degree(v) \ge |V| \tag{$*$}
\begin{equation} \label{eq:non-adjacent-vertices-degrees-sum}
\degree(u)+\degree(v) \ge |V|
\end{equation}
for every pair of non-adjacent vertices $u$, $v\in V$.
Then $G$ is hamiltonian\footnote{See page 1056 in the book.}.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Suppose the lemma does not hold, that is there is a graph $G=(V,E)$ with at least 3 vertices, that satisfies the property (\ref{eq:degrees-sum}), but is not hamiltonian.
Suppose the lemma does not hold, that is there is a graph $G=(V,E)$ with at least 3 vertices, that satisfies the property \eqref{eq:non-adjacent-vertices-degrees-sum}, but is not hamiltonian.
Among all such graphs let us consider that of the greatest number of edges $|E|$.
Let $n=|V|$.
Then $G$ must have a hamiltonian path\footnote{See Exercise 34.2-6.} $\langle v_1$, $v_2$, \dots, $v_n\rangle$\dash otherwise we could add the missing edges without violating (\ref{eq:degrees-sum}) and get a graph with more than $|E|$ edges.
Then $G$ must have a hamiltonian path\footnote{See Exercise 34.2-6.} $\langle v_1$, $v_2$, \dots, $v_n\rangle$\dash otherwise we could add the missing edges without violating \eqref{eq:non-adjacent-vertices-degrees-sum} and get a graph with more than $|E|$ edges.
Since $G$ does not have a hamiltonian cycle, $(v_1,v_n)\notin E$.
By assumption, we have that $\degree(v_1)+\degree(v_n)\ge n$.

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