upgrade windows and macos test environments to Python 3.12 #1325

Job	Run time
build (linux-3.12, 3.12, ubuntu-latest)	1m 29s
build (windows-3.12, 3.12, windows-latest)	3m 46s
build (macos-12-skip-exe, 3.12, macos-12)	1m 4s
build (macos-11-skip-exe, 3.12, macos-11)	1m 10s
build (linux-3.12-lint-update-help-skip-exe, 3.12, ubuntu-latest)	41s
build (linux-3.11-skip-exe, 3.11, ubuntu-latest)	19s
build (linux-3.10-pytype-skip-exe, 3.10, ubuntu-latest)	4m 55s
build (linux-3.9-skip-exe, 3.9, ubuntu-latest)	23s
build (linux-3.8-skip-exe, 3.8, ubuntu-latest)	25s
build (linux-pypy-3.10-skip-exe, pypy-3.10, ubuntu-latest)	1m 14s
build (linux-pypy-3.9-skip-exe, pypy-3.9, ubuntu-latest)	1m 15s
build (linux-pypy-3.8-skip-exe, pypy-3.8, ubuntu-latest)	1m 11s
	17m 52s

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