Update workflow to use subpackage install.

[terabytesoftw]

Q	A
Is bugfix?	❌
New feature?	✔️
Breaks BC?	❌

[what-the-diff]

PR Summary

• New Windows job added
  A new job is now included for the latest Windows version.
• Psalm config updated
  The configuration has been adjusted to use the GitHub output format and the PHP version from the strategy matrix.
• Removed os,php variables
  These variables have been removed since they are part of the strategy matrix.
• DB installation steps integrated
  The database installation steps have been moved to this workflow, and the external call to the yiisoft GitHub file is no longer needed.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch and project coverage have no change.

Comparison is base (c17e36b) 99.11% compared to head (502b528) 99.11%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff            @@
##             master     #270   +/-   ##
=========================================
  Coverage     99.11%   99.11%           
  Complexity      191      191           
=========================================
  Files            13       13           
  Lines           566      566           
=========================================
  Hits            561      561           
  Misses            5        5           

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