Change occurrences of % and format() to f-strings

zarr/_storage/absstore.py

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ def __init__(self, container=None, prefix='', account_name=None, account_key=Non
             from azure.storage.blob import ContainerClient
             blob_service_kwargs = blob_service_kwargs or {}
             client = ContainerClient(
-                "https://{}.blob.core.windows.net/".format(account_name), container,
+                f"https://{account_name}.blob.core.windows.net/", container,
                 credential=account_key, **blob_service_kwargs
                 )
 

zarr/_storage/store.py

@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def _validate_key(self, key: str):
             # TODO: Possibly allow key == ".zmetadata" too if we write a
             #       consolidated metadata spec corresponding to this?
         ):
-            raise ValueError("keys starts with unexpected value: `{}`".format(key))
+            raise ValueError(f"keys starts with unexpected value: `{key}`")
 
         if key.endswith('/'):
             raise ValueError("keys may not end in /")

zarr/convenience.py

@@ -248,7 +248,7 @@ def save_group(store: StoreLike, *args, zarr_version=None, path=None, **kwargs):
     try:
         grp = _create_group(_store, path=path, overwrite=True, zarr_version=zarr_version)
         for i, arr in enumerate(args):
-            k = 'arr_{}'.format(i)
+            k = f'arr_{i}'
             grp.create_dataset(k, data=arr, overwrite=True, zarr_version=zarr_version)
         for k, arr in kwargs.items():
             grp.create_dataset(k, data=arr, overwrite=True, zarr_version=zarr_version)
@@ -517,9 +517,9 @@ def _log_copy_summary(log, dry_run, n_copied, n_skipped, n_bytes_copied):
         message = 'dry run: '
     else:
         message = 'all done: '
-    message += '{:,} copied, {:,} skipped'.format(n_copied, n_skipped)
+    message += f'{n_copied:,} copied, {n_skipped:,} skipped'
     if not dry_run:
-        message += ', {:,} bytes copied'.format(n_bytes_copied)
+        message += f', {n_bytes_copied:,} bytes copied'
     log(message)
 
 
@@ -710,14 +710,14 @@ def copy_store(source, dest, source_path='', dest_path='', excludes=None,
 
             # take action
             if do_copy:
-                log('copy {}'.format(descr))
+                log(f'copy {descr}')
                 if not dry_run:
                     data = source[source_key]
                     n_bytes_copied += buffer_size(data)
                     dest[dest_key] = data
                 n_copied += 1
             else:
-                log('skip {}'.format(descr))
+                log(f'skip {descr}')
                 n_skipped += 1
 
         # log a final message with a summary of what happened
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ def copy_store(source, dest, source_path='', dest_path='', excludes=None,
 
 def _check_dest_is_group(dest):
     if not hasattr(dest, 'create_dataset'):
-        raise ValueError('dest must be a group, got {!r}'.format(dest))
+        raise ValueError(f'dest must be a group, got {dest!r}')
 
 
 def copy(source, dest, name=None, shallow=False, without_attrs=False, log=None,
@@ -915,7 +915,7 @@ def _copy(log, source, dest, name, root, shallow, without_attrs, if_exists,
         if do_copy:
 
             # log a message about what we're going to do
-            log('copy {} {} {}'.format(source.name, source.shape, source.dtype))
+            log(f'copy {source.name} {source.shape} {source.dtype}')
 
             if not dry_run:
 
@@ -986,7 +986,7 @@ def _copy(log, source, dest, name, root, shallow, without_attrs, if_exists,
             n_copied += 1
 
         else:
-            log('skip {} {} {}'.format(source.name, source.shape, source.dtype))
+            log(f'skip {source.name} {source.shape} {source.dtype}')
             n_skipped += 1
 
     elif root or not shallow:
@@ -1008,7 +1008,7 @@ def _copy(log, source, dest, name, root, shallow, without_attrs, if_exists,
         if do_copy:
 
             # log action
-            log('copy {}'.format(source.name))
+            log(f'copy {source.name}')
 
             if not dry_run:
 
@@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ def _copy(log, source, dest, name, root, shallow, without_attrs, if_exists,
             n_copied += 1
 
         else:
-            log('skip {}'.format(source.name))
+            log(f'skip {source.name}')
             n_skipped += 1
 
     return n_copied, n_skipped, n_bytes_copied

zarr/core.py

@@ -2256,7 +2256,7 @@ def _encode_chunk(self, chunk):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         t = type(self)
-        r = '<{}.{}'.format(t.__module__, t.__name__)
+        r = f'<{t.__module__}.{t.__name__}'
         if self.name:
             r += ' %r' % self.name
         r += ' %s' % str(self.shape)
@@ -2297,11 +2297,11 @@ def info_items(self):
     def _info_items_nosync(self):
 
         def typestr(o):
-            return '{}.{}'.format(type(o).__module__, type(o).__name__)
+            return f'{type(o).__module__}.{type(o).__name__}'
 
         def bytestr(n):
             if n > 2**10:
-                return '{} ({})'.format(n, human_readable_size(n))
+                return f'{n} ({human_readable_size(n)})'
             else:
                 return str(n)
 
@@ -2342,7 +2342,7 @@ def bytestr(n):
                 ('Storage ratio', '%.1f' % (self.nbytes / self.nbytes_stored)),
             ]
         items += [
-            ('Chunks initialized', '{}/{}'.format(self.nchunks_initialized, self.nchunks))
+            ('Chunks initialized', f'{self.nchunks_initialized}/{self.nchunks}')
         ]
 
         return items

zarr/hierarchy.py

@@ -316,7 +316,7 @@ def __len__(self):
 
     def __repr__(self):
         t = type(self)
-        r = '<{}.{}'.format(t.__module__, t.__name__)
+        r = f'<{t.__module__}.{t.__name__}'
         if self.name:
             r += ' %r' % self.name
         if self._read_only:
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
     def info_items(self):
 
         def typestr(o):
-            return '{}.{}'.format(type(o).__module__, type(o).__name__)
+            return f'{type(o).__module__}.{type(o).__name__}'
 
         items = []
 

zarr/indexing.py

@@ -880,7 +880,7 @@ def check_fields(fields, dtype):
                 # multiple field selection
                 out_dtype = np.dtype([(f, dtype[f]) for f in fields])
         except KeyError as e:
-            raise IndexError("invalid 'fields' argument, field not found: {!r}".format(e))
+            raise IndexError(f"invalid 'fields' argument, field not found: {e!r}")
         else:
             return out_dtype
     else:

zarr/storage.py

@@ -2807,7 +2807,7 @@ def __init__(self, prefix='zarr', dimension_separator=None, **kwargs):
         self.client = redis.Redis(**kwargs)
 
     def _key(self, key):
-        return '{prefix}:{key}'.format(prefix=self._prefix, key=key)
+        return f'{self._prefix}:{key}'
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         return self.client[self._key(key)]

zarr/tests/test_convenience.py

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def test_open_array(path_type, zarr_version):
 
     # path not found
     with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-        open('doesnotexist', mode='r')
+        open('doesnotexist')
 
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("zarr_version", _VERSIONS)

zarr/tests/test_core.py

@@ -1155,7 +1155,7 @@ def test_dtypes(self):
         # datetime, timedelta
         for base_type in 'Mm':
             for resolution in 'D', 'us', 'ns':
-                dtype = '{}8[{}]'.format(base_type, resolution)
+                dtype = f'{base_type}8[{resolution}]'
                 z = self.create_array(shape=100, dtype=dtype, fill_value=0)
                 assert z.dtype == np.dtype(dtype)
                 a = np.random.randint(np.iinfo('i8').min, np.iinfo('i8').max,
@@ -1348,7 +1348,7 @@ def compare_arrays(expected, actual, item_dtype):
 
         # convenience API
         for item_type in 'int', '<u4':
-            z = self.create_array(shape=data.shape, dtype='array:{}'.format(item_type))
+            z = self.create_array(shape=data.shape, dtype=f'array:{item_type}')
             assert z.dtype == object
             assert isinstance(z.filters[0], VLenArray)
             assert z.filters[0].dtype == np.dtype(item_type)
@@ -1987,7 +1987,7 @@ def test_object_arrays_vlen_array(self):
         # convenience API
         for item_type in 'int', '<u4':
             with pytest.raises(ValueError):
-                self.create_array(shape=data.shape, dtype='array:{}'.format(item_type))
+                self.create_array(shape=data.shape, dtype=f'array:{item_type}')
 
     def test_object_arrays_danger(self):
         # Cannot hacking out object codec as N5 doesn't allow object codecs