[v3] Feature: Store open mode

src/zarr/abc/store.py

@@ -3,10 +3,31 @@
 from typing import Protocol, runtime_checkable
 
 from zarr.buffer import Buffer
-from zarr.common import BytesLike
+from zarr.common import BytesLike, OpenMode
 
 
 class Store(ABC):
+    _mode: OpenMode
+
+    def __init__(self, mode: OpenMode = "r"):
+        if mode not in ("r", "r+", "w", "w-", "a"):
+            raise ValueError("mode must be one of 'r', 'r+', 'w', 'w-', 'a'")
+        self._mode = mode
+
+    @property
+    def mode(self) -> OpenMode:
+        """Access mode of the store."""
+        return self._mode
+
+    @property
+    def writeable(self) -> bool:
+        """Is the store writeable?"""
+        return self.mode in ("a", "w", "w-")
+
+    def _check_writable(self) -> None:
+        if not self.writeable:
+            raise ValueError("store mode does not support writing")
+
     @abstractmethod
     async def get(
         self, key: str, byte_range: tuple[int | None, int | None] | None = None
@@ -147,6 +168,10 @@ def list_dir(self, prefix: str) -> AsyncGenerator[str, None]:
         """
         ...
 
+    def close(self) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """Close the store."""
+        pass
+
 
 @runtime_checkable
 class ByteGetter(Protocol):

src/zarr/common.py

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 Selection = slice | SliceSelection
 ZarrFormat = Literal[2, 3]
 JSON = None | str | int | float | Enum | dict[str, "JSON"] | list["JSON"] | tuple["JSON", ...]
+OpenMode = Literal["r", "r+", "a", "w", "w-"]
 
 
 def product(tup: ChunkCoords) -> int:

src/zarr/store/core.py

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
 from zarr.buffer import Buffer
+from zarr.common import OpenMode
 from zarr.store.local import LocalStore
 
 
@@ -60,13 +61,18 @@ def __eq__(self, other: Any) -> bool:
 StoreLike = Store | StorePath | Path | str
 
 
-def make_store_path(store_like: StoreLike) -> StorePath:
+def make_store_path(store_like: StoreLike, *, mode: OpenMode | None = None) -> StorePath:
     if isinstance(store_like, StorePath):
+        if mode is not None:
+            assert mode == store_like.store.mode
         return store_like
     elif isinstance(store_like, Store):
+        if mode is not None:
+            assert mode == store_like.mode
         return StorePath(store_like)
     elif isinstance(store_like, str):
-        return StorePath(LocalStore(Path(store_like)))
+        assert mode is not None
+        return StorePath(LocalStore(Path(store_like), mode=mode))
     raise TypeError
 
 

src/zarr/store/local.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
 from zarr.buffer import Buffer
-from zarr.common import concurrent_map, to_thread
+from zarr.common import OpenMode, concurrent_map, to_thread
 
 
 def _get(path: Path, byte_range: tuple[int | None, int | None] | None) -> Buffer:
@@ -69,7 +69,8 @@ class LocalStore(Store):
 
     root: Path
 
-    def __init__(self, root: Path | str):
+    def __init__(self, root: Path | str, *, mode: OpenMode = "r"):
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
         if isinstance(root, str):
             root = Path(root)
         assert isinstance(root, Path)
@@ -117,6 +118,7 @@ async def get_partial_values(
         return await concurrent_map(args, to_thread, limit=None)  # TODO: fix limit
 
     async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         assert isinstance(key, str)
         if isinstance(value, bytes | bytearray):
             # TODO: to support the v2 tests, we convert bytes to Buffer here
@@ -127,6 +129,7 @@ async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer) -> None:
         await to_thread(_put, path, value)
 
     async def set_partial_values(self, key_start_values: list[tuple[str, int, bytes]]) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         args = []
         for key, start, value in key_start_values:
             assert isinstance(key, str)
@@ -138,6 +141,7 @@ async def set_partial_values(self, key_start_values: list[tuple[str, int, bytes]
         await concurrent_map(args, to_thread, limit=None)  # TODO: fix limit
 
     async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         path = self.root / key
         if path.is_dir():  # TODO: support deleting directories? shutil.rmtree?
             shutil.rmtree(path)

src/zarr/store/memory.py

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
 from zarr.buffer import Buffer
-from zarr.common import concurrent_map
+from zarr.common import OpenMode, concurrent_map
 from zarr.store.core import _normalize_interval_index
 
 
@@ -17,7 +17,10 @@ class MemoryStore(Store):
 
     _store_dict: MutableMapping[str, Buffer]
 
-    def __init__(self, store_dict: MutableMapping[str, Buffer] | None = None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, store_dict: MutableMapping[str, Buffer] | None = None, *, mode: OpenMode = "r"
+    ):
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
         self._store_dict = store_dict or {}
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
@@ -47,6 +50,7 @@ async def exists(self, key: str) -> bool:
         return key in self._store_dict
 
     async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer, byte_range: tuple[int, int] | None = None) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         assert isinstance(key, str)
         if isinstance(value, bytes | bytearray):
             # TODO: to support the v2 tests, we convert bytes to Buffer here
@@ -62,6 +66,7 @@ async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer, byte_range: tuple[int, int] | None
             self._store_dict[key] = value
 
     async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         try:
             del self._store_dict[key]
         except KeyError:

src/zarr/store/remote.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
 from zarr.buffer import Buffer
+from zarr.common import OpenMode
 from zarr.store.core import _dereference_path
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -18,17 +19,22 @@ class RemoteStore(Store):
 
     root: UPath
 
-    def __init__(self, url: UPath | str, **storage_options: dict[str, Any]):
+    def __init__(
+        self, url: UPath | str, *, mode: OpenMode = "r", **storage_options: dict[str, Any]
+    ):
         import fsspec
         from upath import UPath
 
+        super().__init__(mode=mode)
+
         if isinstance(url, str):
             self.root = UPath(url, **storage_options)
         else:
             assert (
                 len(storage_options) == 0
             ), "If constructed with a UPath object, no additional storage_options are allowed."
             self.root = url.rstrip("/")
+
         # test instantiate file system
         fs, _ = fsspec.core.url_to_fs(str(self.root), asynchronous=True, **self.root._kwargs)
         assert fs.__class__.async_impl, "FileSystem needs to support async operations."
@@ -67,6 +73,7 @@ async def get(
         return value
 
     async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer, byte_range: tuple[int, int] | None = None) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         assert isinstance(key, str)
         fs, root = self._make_fs()
         path = _dereference_path(root, key)
@@ -80,6 +87,7 @@ async def set(self, key: str, value: Buffer, byte_range: tuple[int, int] | None
             await fs._pipe_file(path, value)
 
     async def delete(self, key: str) -> None:
+        self._check_writable()
         fs, root = self._make_fs()
         path = _dereference_path(root, key)
         if await fs._exists(path):

src/zarr/testing/store.py

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-from typing import Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -31,13 +31,43 @@ def get(self, store: S, key: str) -> Buffer:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-    def store(self) -> Store:
-        return self.store_cls()
+    def store_kwargs(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"mode": "w"}
+
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
+    def store(self, store_kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> Store:
+        return self.store_cls(**store_kwargs)
 
     def test_store_type(self, store: S) -> None:
         assert isinstance(store, Store)
         assert isinstance(store, self.store_cls)
 
+    def test_store_mode(self, store: S, store_kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        assert store.mode == "w", store.mode
+        assert store.writeable
+
+        with pytest.raises(AttributeError):
+            store.mode = "w"  # type: ignore
+
+        # read-only
+        kwargs = {**store_kwargs, "mode": "r"}
+        read_store = self.store_cls(**kwargs)
+        assert read_store.mode == "r", read_store.mode
+        assert not read_store.writeable
+
+    async def test_not_writable_store_raises(self, store_kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+        kwargs = {**store_kwargs, "mode": "r"}
+        store = self.store_cls(**kwargs)
+        assert not store.writeable
+
+        # set
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            await store.set("foo", Buffer.from_bytes(b"bar"))
+
+        # delete
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            await store.delete("foo")
+
     def test_store_repr(self, store: S) -> None:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
@@ -72,6 +102,7 @@ async def test_set(self, store: S, key: str, data: bytes) -> None:
         """
         Ensure that data can be written to the store using the store.set method.
         """
+        assert store.writeable
         data_buf = Buffer.from_bytes(data)
         await store.set(key, data_buf)
         observed = self.get(store, key)

tests/v3/conftest.py

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ def parse_store(
     store: Literal["local", "memory", "remote"], path: str
 ) -> LocalStore | MemoryStore | RemoteStore:
     if store == "local":
-        return LocalStore(path)
+        return LocalStore(path, mode="w")
     if store == "memory":
-        return MemoryStore()
+        return MemoryStore(mode="w")
     if store == "remote":
-        return RemoteStore()
+        return RemoteStore(mode="w")
     raise AssertionError
 
 
@@ -38,24 +38,24 @@ def path_type(request):
 # todo: harmonize this with local_store fixture
 @pytest.fixture
 def store_path(tmpdir):
-    store = LocalStore(str(tmpdir))
+    store = LocalStore(str(tmpdir), mode="w")
     p = StorePath(store)
     return p
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 def local_store(tmpdir):
-    return LocalStore(str(tmpdir))
+    return LocalStore(str(tmpdir), mode="w")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 def remote_store():
-    return RemoteStore()
+    return RemoteStore(mode="w")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
 def memory_store():
-    return MemoryStore()
+    return MemoryStore(mode="w")
 
 
 @pytest.fixture(scope="function")

tests/v3/test_codecs.py

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ async def set(self, value: np.ndarray):
 
 @pytest.fixture
 def store() -> Iterator[Store]:
-    yield StorePath(MemoryStore())
+    yield StorePath(MemoryStore(mode="w"))
 
 
 @pytest.fixture

tests/v3/test_store.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import MutableMapping
+from typing import Any
 
 import pytest
 
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@
 from zarr.testing.store import StoreTests
 
 
-@pytest.mark.parametrize("store_dict", (None, {}))
 class TestMemoryStore(StoreTests[MemoryStore]):
     store_cls = MemoryStore
 
@@ -20,21 +19,25 @@ def set(self, store: MemoryStore, key: str, value: Buffer) -> None:
     def get(self, store: MemoryStore, key: str) -> Buffer:
         return store._store_dict[key]
 
+    @pytest.fixture(scope="function", params=[None, {}])
+    def store_kwargs(self, request) -> dict[str, Any]:
+        return {"store_dict": request.param, "mode": "w"}
+
     @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-    def store(self, store_dict: MutableMapping[str, Buffer] | None):
-        return MemoryStore(store_dict=store_dict)
+    def store(self, store_kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> MemoryStore:
+        return self.store_cls(**store_kwargs)
 
     def test_store_repr(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
         assert str(store) == f"memory://{id(store._store_dict)}"
 
     def test_store_supports_writes(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_writes
 
     def test_store_supports_listing(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_listing
 
     def test_store_supports_partial_writes(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_partial_writes
 
     def test_list_prefix(self, store: MemoryStore) -> None:
         assert True
@@ -52,21 +55,21 @@ def set(self, store: LocalStore, key: str, value: Buffer) -> None:
             parent.mkdir(parents=True)
         (store.root / key).write_bytes(value.to_bytes())
 
-    @pytest.fixture(scope="function")
-    def store(self, tmpdir) -> LocalStore:
-        return self.store_cls(str(tmpdir))
+    @pytest.fixture
+    def store_kwargs(self, tmpdir) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {"root": str(tmpdir), "mode": "w"}
 
     def test_store_repr(self, store: LocalStore) -> None:
         assert str(store) == f"file://{store.root!s}"
 
     def test_store_supports_writes(self, store: LocalStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_writes
 
     def test_store_supports_partial_writes(self, store: LocalStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_partial_writes
 
     def test_store_supports_listing(self, store: LocalStore) -> None:
-        assert True
+        assert store.supports_listing
 
     def test_list_prefix(self, store: LocalStore) -> None:
         assert True