add SyncSocket, SyncContext TypeAliases

and note in the docs about Generics

docs/source/api/zmq.md

@@ -9,6 +9,29 @@
 
 ## Basic Classes
 
+````{note}
+For typing purposes, `zmq.Context` and `zmq.Socket` are Generics,
+which means they will accept any Context or Socket implementation.
+
+The base `zmq.Context()` constructor returns the type
+`zmq.Context[zmq.Socket[bytes]]`.
+If you are using type annotations and want to _exclude_ the async subclasses,
+use the resolved types instead of the base Generics:
+
+```python
+ctx: zmq.Context[zmq.Socket[bytes]] = zmq.Context()
+sock: zmq.Socket[bytes]
+```
+
+in pyzmq 26, these are available as the Type Aliases (not actual classes!):
+
+```python
+ctx: zmq.SyncContext = zmq.Context()
+sock: zmq.SyncSocket
+```
+
+````
+
 ### {class}`Context`
 
 ```{eval-rst}

zmq/_typing.py

@@ -19,3 +19,12 @@ def __getitem__(self, key):
 
         class TypedDict(Dict):  # type: ignore
             pass
+
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+    from typing import TypeAlias
+else:
+    try:
+        from typing_extensions import TypeAlias
+    except ImportError:
+        TypeAlias = type  # type: ignore

zmq/sugar/context.py

@@ -13,13 +13,14 @@
 from weakref import WeakSet
 
 import zmq
+from zmq._typing import TypeAlias
 from zmq.backend import Context as ContextBase
 from zmq.constants import ContextOption, Errno, SocketOption
 from zmq.error import ZMQError
 from zmq.utils.interop import cast_int_addr
 
 from .attrsettr import AttributeSetter, OptValT
-from .socket import Socket
+from .socket import Socket, SyncSocket
 
 # notice when exiting, to avoid triggering term on exit
 _exiting = False
@@ -78,18 +79,18 @@ class Context(ContextBase, AttributeSetter, Generic[_SocketType]):
     _socket_class: type[_SocketType] = Socket  # type: ignore
 
     @overload
-    def __init__(self: Context[Socket[bytes]], io_threads: int = 1): ...
+    def __init__(self: SyncContext, io_threads: int = 1): ...
 
     @overload
-    def __init__(self: Context[Socket[bytes]], io_threads: Context):
+    def __init__(self: SyncContext, io_threads: Context):
         # this should be positional-only, but that requires 3.8
         ...
 
     @overload
-    def __init__(self: Context[Socket[bytes]], *, shadow: Context | int): ...
+    def __init__(self: SyncContext, *, shadow: Context | int): ...
 
     def __init__(
-        self: Context[Socket[bytes]],
+        self: SyncContext,
         io_threads: int | Context = 1,
         shadow: Context | int = 0,
     ) -> None:
@@ -415,4 +416,7 @@ def __delattr__(self, key: str) -> None:
                 del self.sockopts[opt]
 
 
-__all__ = ['Context']
+SyncContext: TypeAlias = Context[SyncSocket]
+
+
+__all__ = ['Context', 'SyncContext']

zmq/sugar/socket.py

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
 from warnings import warn
 
 import zmq
-from zmq._typing import Literal
+from zmq._typing import Literal, TypeAlias
 from zmq.backend import Socket as SocketBase
 from zmq.error import ZMQBindError, ZMQError
 from zmq.utils import jsonapi
@@ -1107,4 +1107,6 @@ def disable_monitor(self) -> None:
         self.monitor(None, 0)
 
 
-__all__ = ['Socket']
+SyncSocket: TypeAlias = Socket[bytes]
+
+__all__ = ['Socket', 'SyncSocket']