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main.go
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// Copyright (c) 2015 The Decred Developers
// Use of this source code is governed by an ISC
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
package main
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/ecdsa"
"crypto/rand"
"flag"
"fmt"
"io"
"os"
"github.com/btcsuite/btcd/btcec"
"github.com/decred/dcraddrgen/address"
"github.com/decred/dcraddrgen/hdkeychain"
"github.com/decred/dcraddrgen/pgpwordlist"
)
// The hierarchy described by BIP0043 is:
// m/<purpose>'/*
// This is further extended by BIP0044 to:
// m/44'/<coin type>'/<account>'/<branch>/<address index>
//
// The branch is 0 for external addresses and 1 for internal addresses.
// maxCoinType is the maximum allowed coin type used when structuring
// the BIP0044 multi-account hierarchy. This value is based on the
// limitation of the underlying hierarchical deterministic key
// derivation.
const maxCoinType = hdkeychain.HardenedKeyStart - 1
// MaxAccountNum is the maximum allowed account number. This value was
// chosen because accounts are hardened children and therefore must
// not exceed the hardened child range of extended keys and it provides
// a reserved account at the top of the range for supporting imported
// addresses.
const MaxAccountNum = hdkeychain.HardenedKeyStart - 2 // 2^31 - 2
// ExternalBranch is the child number to use when performing BIP0044
// style hierarchical deterministic key derivation for the external
// branch.
const ExternalBranch uint32 = 0
// InternalBranch is the child number to use when performing BIP0044
// style hierarchical deterministic key derivation for the internal
// branch.
const InternalBranch uint32 = 1
// Magics.
// MainHDPrivateKeyID is the hd private key id for mainnet.
// starts with dprv
var MainHDPrivateKeyID = [4]byte{0x02, 0xfd, 0xa4, 0xe8}
// MainHDPublicKeyID is the hd public key id for mainnet.
// starts with dpub
var MainHDPublicKeyID = [4]byte{0x02, 0xfd, 0xa9, 0x26}
// PubKeyHashAddrIDMain is the public key hash address id for mainnet.
var PubKeyHashAddrIDMain = [2]byte{0x07, 0x3f}
// MainHDCoinType is the cointype for mainnet.
var MainHDCoinType = uint32(20)
// TestHDPrivateKeyID is the hd private key id for testnet.
// starts with tprv
var TestHDPrivateKeyID = [4]byte{0x04, 0x35, 0x83, 0x97}
// TestHDPublicKeyID is the hd public key id for testnet.
// starts with tpub
var TestHDPublicKeyID = [4]byte{0x04, 0x35, 0x87, 0xd1}
// PubKeyHashAddrIDTest is the public key hash address id for testnet.
var PubKeyHashAddrIDTest = [2]byte{0x0f, 0x21}
// TestHDCoinType is the cointype for testnet.
var TestHDCoinType = uint32(11)
// SimHDPrivateKeyID is the hd private key id for simnet.
// starts with sprv
var SimHDPrivateKeyID = [4]byte{0x04, 0x20, 0xb9, 0x03}
// SimHDPublicKeyID is the hd public key id for testnet.
// starts with spub
var SimHDPublicKeyID = [4]byte{0x04, 0x20, 0xbd, 0x3d}
// PubKeyHashAddrIDSim is the public key hash address id for simnet.
var PubKeyHashAddrIDSim = [2]byte{0x0e, 0x91}
// SimHDCoinType is the cointype for simnet.
var SimHDCoinType = uint32(115)
// RegHDPrivateKeyID is the hd private key id for regtest.
// starts with Tprv
var RegHDPrivateKeyID = [4]byte{0x02, 0x2d, 0xbb, 0x24}
// RegHDPublicKeyID is the hd public key id for regtest.
// starts with Tpub
var RegHDPublicKeyID = [4]byte{0x02, 0x2d, 0xbf, 0x5d}
// PubKeyHashAddrIDReg is the public key hash address id for regtest.
var PubKeyHashAddrIDReg = [2]byte{0x0e, 0x01}
// RegHDCoinType is the cointype for regtest.
var RegHDCoinType = uint32(10)
var curve = btcec.S256()
var privateKeyID = PrivateKeyIDMain
var pubKeyHashAddrID = PubKeyHashAddrIDMain
var hdPrivateKeyID = MainHDPrivateKeyID
var hdPublicKeyID = MainHDPublicKeyID
var hdCoinType = MainHDCoinType
// Flag arguments.
var testnet = flag.Bool("testnet", false, "")
var simnet = flag.Bool("simnet", false, "")
var regtest = flag.Bool("regtest", false, "")
var noseed = flag.Bool("noseed", false, "Generate a single keypair instead of "+
"an HD extended seed")
func setupFlags(msg func(), f *flag.FlagSet) {
f.Usage = msg
}
// writeNewFile writes data to a file named by filename.
// Error is returned if the file does exist. Otherwise writeNewFile creates the file with permissions perm;
// Based on ioutil.WriteFile, but produces an err if the file exists.
func writeNewFile(filename string, data []byte, perm os.FileMode) error {
f, err := os.OpenFile(filename, os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, perm)
if err != nil {
return err
}
n, err := f.Write(data)
if err == nil && n < len(data) {
// There was no error, but not all the data was written, so report an error.
err = io.ErrShortWrite
}
if err == nil {
// There was an error, so close file (ignoreing any further errors) and return the error.
f.Close()
return err
}
err = f.Close()
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// generateKeyPair generates and stores a secp256k1 keypair in a file.
func generateKeyPair(filename string) error {
key, err := ecdsa.GenerateKey(curve, rand.Reader)
if err != nil {
return err
}
pub := btcec.PublicKey{
Curve: curve,
X: key.PublicKey.X,
Y: key.PublicKey.Y,
}
priv := btcec.PrivateKey{
PublicKey: key.PublicKey,
D: key.D,
}
addr, err := address.NewAddressPubKeyHash(Hash160(pub.SerializeCompressed()),
pubKeyHashAddrID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
privWif := NewWIF(priv)
var buf bytes.Buffer
buf.WriteString("Address: ")
buf.WriteString(addr.EncodeAddress())
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString("Private key: ")
buf.WriteString(privWif.String())
buf.WriteString("\n")
err = writeNewFile(filename, buf.Bytes(), 0644)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
// deriveCoinTypeKey derives the cointype key which can be used to derive the
// extended key for an account according to the hierarchy described by BIP0044
// given the coin type key.
//
// In particular this is the hierarchical deterministic extended key path:
// m/44'/<coin type>'
func deriveCoinTypeKey(masterNode *hdkeychain.ExtendedKey,
coinType uint32) (*hdkeychain.ExtendedKey, error) {
// Enforce maximum coin type.
if coinType > maxCoinType {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad coin type")
}
// The hierarchy described by BIP0043 is:
// m/<purpose>'/*
// This is further extended by BIP0044 to:
// m/44'/<coin type>'/<account>'/<branch>/<address index>
//
// The branch is 0 for external addresses and 1 for internal addresses.
// Derive the purpose key as a child of the master node.
purpose, err := masterNode.Child(44 + hdkeychain.HardenedKeyStart)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Derive the coin type key as a child of the purpose key.
coinTypeKey, err := purpose.Child(coinType + hdkeychain.HardenedKeyStart)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return coinTypeKey, nil
}
// deriveAccountKey derives the extended key for an account according to the
// hierarchy described by BIP0044 given the master node.
//
// In particular this is the hierarchical deterministic extended key path:
// m/44'/<coin type>'/<account>'
func deriveAccountKey(coinTypeKey *hdkeychain.ExtendedKey,
account uint32) (*hdkeychain.ExtendedKey, error) {
// Enforce maximum account number.
if account > MaxAccountNum {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("account num too high")
}
// Derive the account key as a child of the coin type key.
return coinTypeKey.Child(account + hdkeychain.HardenedKeyStart)
}
// checkBranchKeys ensures deriving the extended keys for the internal and
// external branches given an account key does not result in an invalid child
// error which means the chosen seed is not usable. This conforms to the
// hierarchy described by BIP0044 so long as the account key is already derived
// accordingly.
//
// In particular this is the hierarchical deterministic extended key path:
// m/44'/<coin type>'/<account>'/<branch>
//
// The branch is 0 for external addresses and 1 for internal addresses.
func checkBranchKeys(acctKey *hdkeychain.ExtendedKey) error {
// Derive the external branch as the first child of the account key.
if _, err := acctKey.Child(ExternalBranch); err != nil {
return err
}
// Derive the external branch as the second child of the account key.
_, err := acctKey.Child(InternalBranch)
return err
}
// generateSeed derives an address from an HDKeychain for use in wallet. It
// outputs the seed, address, and extended public key to the file specified.
func generateSeed(filename string) error {
seed, err := hdkeychain.GenerateSeed(hdkeychain.RecommendedSeedLen)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Derive the master extended key from the seed.
root, err := hdkeychain.NewMaster(seed, hdPrivateKeyID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Derive the cointype key according to BIP0044.
coinTypeKeyPriv, err := deriveCoinTypeKey(root, hdCoinType)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Derive the account key for the first account according to BIP0044.
acctKeyPriv, err := deriveAccountKey(coinTypeKeyPriv, 0)
if err != nil {
// The seed is unusable if the any of the children in the
// required hierarchy can't be derived due to invalid child.
if err == hdkeychain.ErrInvalidChild {
return fmt.Errorf("the provided seed is unusable")
}
return err
}
// Ensure the branch keys can be derived for the provided seed according
// to BIP0044.
if err := checkBranchKeys(acctKeyPriv); err != nil {
// The seed is unusable if the any of the children in the
// required hierarchy can't be derived due to invalid child.
if err == hdkeychain.ErrInvalidChild {
return fmt.Errorf("the provided seed is unusable")
}
return err
}
// The address manager needs the public extended key for the account.
acctKeyPub, err := acctKeyPriv.Neuter()
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert private key for account 0")
}
index := uint32(0) // First address
branch := uint32(0) // External
// The next address can only be generated for accounts that have already
// been created.
acctKey := acctKeyPub
// Derive the appropriate branch key and ensure it is zeroed when done.
branchKey, err := acctKey.Child(branch)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer branchKey.Zero() // Ensure branch key is zeroed when done.
key, err := branchKey.Child(index)
if err != nil {
return err
}
addr, err := key.Address(pubKeyHashAddrID)
if err != nil {
return err
}
var buf bytes.Buffer
buf.WriteString("First address: ")
buf.WriteString(addr.EncodeAddress())
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString("Extended public key: ")
acctKeyStr, err := acctKey.String()
if err != nil {
return err
}
buf.WriteString(acctKeyStr)
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString("Seed: ")
seedStr, err := pgpwordlist.ToStringChecksum(seed)
if err != nil {
return err
}
buf.WriteString(seedStr)
buf.WriteString("\n")
buf.WriteString("Seed hex: ")
buf.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%x", seed))
buf.WriteString("\n")
err = writeNewFile(filename, buf.Bytes(), 0644)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func main() {
helpMessage := func() {
fmt.Println("Usage: dcraddrgen [-testnet] [-simnet] [-regtest] [-noseed] [-h] filename")
fmt.Println("Generate a Decred private and public key or wallet seed. " +
"These are output to the file 'filename'.\n")
fmt.Println(" -h \t\tPrint this message")
fmt.Println(" -testnet \tGenerate a testnet key instead of mainnet")
fmt.Println(" -simnet \tGenerate a simnet key instead of mainnet")
fmt.Println(" -regtest \tGenerate a regtest key instead of mainnet")
fmt.Println(" -noseed \tGenerate a single keypair instead of a seed")
}
setupFlags(helpMessage, flag.CommandLine)
flag.Parse()
if flag.Arg(0) == "" {
helpMessage()
return
}
// Alter the globals to specified network.
if *testnet {
if *simnet || *regtest {
fmt.Println("Error: Only specify one network.")
return
}
privateKeyID = PrivateKeyIDTest
pubKeyHashAddrID = PubKeyHashAddrIDTest
hdPrivateKeyID = TestHDPrivateKeyID
hdPublicKeyID = TestHDPublicKeyID
hdCoinType = TestHDCoinType
}
if *simnet {
if *regtest {
fmt.Println("Error: Only specify one network.")
return
}
privateKeyID = PrivateKeyIDSim
pubKeyHashAddrID = PubKeyHashAddrIDSim
hdPrivateKeyID = SimHDPrivateKeyID
hdPublicKeyID = SimHDPublicKeyID
hdCoinType = SimHDCoinType
}
if *regtest {
privateKeyID = PrivateKeyIDReg
pubKeyHashAddrID = PubKeyHashAddrIDReg
hdPrivateKeyID = RegHDPrivateKeyID
hdPublicKeyID = RegHDPublicKeyID
hdCoinType = RegHDCoinType
}
// Single keypair generation.
if *noseed {
err := generateKeyPair(flag.Arg(0))
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error generating key pair: %v\n", err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Printf("Successfully generated keypair and stored it in %v.\n",
flag.Arg(0))
fmt.Printf("Your private key is used to spend your funds. Do not " +
"reveal it to anyone.\n")
return
}
// Derivation of an address from an HDKeychain for use in wallet.
err := generateSeed(flag.Arg(0))
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error generating seed: %v\n", err.Error())
return
}
fmt.Printf("Successfully generated seed and stored it in %v.\n",
flag.Arg(0))
fmt.Printf("Your seed is used to spend your funds. Do not " +
"reveal it to anyone. Your extended public key can be " +
"used to derive all your addresses. Keep it private.\n")
}