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A collection of awesome bio-foundation models, including protein, RNA, DNA, gene, single-cell, and so on.

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🧬📝 Awesome Bio-Foundation Models

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The repository is a collection of awesome bio-foundation modeling papers, various domains include DNA, RNA, gene, protein, single-cell, and multimodalities.

🌟 If you'd like to add a paper or resource, feel free to submit a pull request or open an issue.

Table of Content


Models

The following logo represents:

paper publisher with paper link

code link

Model model link

Papers are ranked chronologically.

DNA & Gene

  • (Enformer) Effective gene expression prediction from sequence by integrating long-range interactions

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  • MoDNA: motif-oriented pre-training for DNA language model

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  • Obtaining genetics insights from deep learning via explainable artificial intelligence

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  • Deciphering microbial gene function using natural language processing

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  • MoDNA: Motif-Oriented Pre-training For DNA Language Model

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  • To Transformers and Beyond: Large Language Models for the Genome

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  • GeneCompass: Deciphering Universal Gene Regulatory Mechanisms with Knowledge-Informed Cross-Species Foundation Model

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  • HyenaDNA: Long-Range Genomic Sequence Modeling at Single Nucleotide Resolution

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • (GeneFormer) Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology

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  • DNABERT: pre-trained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model for DNA-language in genome

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  • Species-aware DNA language modeling

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  • DNA language models are powerful predictors of genome-wide variant effects

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  • GPN-MSA: an alignment-based DNA language model for genome-wide variant effect prediction

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  • GENA-LM: A Family of Open-Source Foundational DNA Language Models for Long Sequences

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  • EpiGePT: a Pretrained Transformer model for epigenomics

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  • DNAGPT: A Generalized Pre-trained Tool for Multiple DNA Sequence Analysis Tasks

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  • The Nucleotide Transformer: Building and Evaluating Robust Foundation Models for Human Genomics

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  • DNABERT-2: Efficient Foundation Model and Benchmark for Multi-Species Genome

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  • DNABERT-S: Learning Species-Aware DNA Embedding with Genome Foundation Models

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  • Single-cell gene expression prediction from DNA sequence at large contexts

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  • Genomic language model predicts protein co-regulation and function

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

RNA

  • Clustering and classification methods for single-cell RNA-sequencing data

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  • EMDLP: Ensemble multiscale deep learning model for RNA methylation site prediction

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • scBERT as a large-scale pretrained deep language model for cell type annotation of single-cell RNA-seq data

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • scPML: pathway-based multi-view learning for cell type annotation from single-cell RNA-seq data

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  • (RNA-FM) Interpretable RNA Foundation Model from Unannotated Data for Highly Accurate RNA Structure and Function Predictions

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  • (RNABERT) Informative RNA base embedding for RNA structural alignment and clustering by deep representation learning

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  • (MRM-BERT) Prediction of Multiple Types of RNA Modifications via Biological Language Model

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  • (SpliceBERT) Self-supervised learning on millions of pre-mRNA sequences improves sequence-based RNA splicing prediction

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  • UNI-RNA: universal pre-trained models revolutionize RNA research

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  • A Deep Dive into Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Foundation Models

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  • xTrimoGene: An Efficient and Scalable Representation Learner for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data

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  • trRosettaRNA: automated prediction of RNA 3D structure with transformer network

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  • (RfamGen) Deep generative design of RNA family sequences

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  • (RNA-MFM) Multiple sequence alignment-based RNA language model and its application to structural inference

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  • RiNALMo: General-Purpose RNA Language Models Can Generalize Well on Structure Prediction Tasks

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  • ATOM-1: A Foundation Model for RNA Structure and Function Built on Chemical Mapping Data

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  • RNAformer: A Simple Yet Effective Deep LearningModel for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction

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  • scDisInFact: disentangled learning for integration and prediction of multi-batch multi-condition single-cell RNA-sequencing data

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  • CellPLM: Pre-training of Cell Language Model Beyond Single Cells

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  • Assessing GPT-4 for cell type annotation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis

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  • A 5′ UTR language model for decoding untranslated regions of mRNA and function predictions

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  • ERNIE-RNA: An RNA Language Model with Structure-enhanced Representations

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Protein

  • Parapred: antibody paratope prediction using convolutional and recurrent neural networks

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  • (UniRep) Unified rational protein engineering with sequence-based deep representation learning

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  • (TAPE) Evaluating Protein Transfer Learning with TAPE

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  • ProtTrans: Towards Cracking the Language of Life’s Code Through Self-Supervised Deep Learning and High Performance Computing

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  • (ESM) Biological structure and function emerge from scaling unsupervised learning to 250 million protein sequences

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  • (ESM-1v) Language models enable zero-shot prediction of the effects of mutations on protein function

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  • (IgLM) Generative language modeling for antibody design

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  • (ESM-2 & ESMFold) Language models of protein sequences at the scale of evolution enable accurate structure prediction

    Stars Model

  • ProtGPT2 is a deep unsupervised language model for protein design

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  • ProteinBERT: a universal deep-learning model of protein sequence and function

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  • OntoProtein: Protein Pretraining With Gene Ontology Embedding

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  • (AntiBERTa) Deciphering the language of antibodies using self-supervised learning

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  • AbLang: an antibody language model for completing antibody sequences

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  • ProGen2: Exploring the boundaries of protein language models

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  • SaProt: Protein Language Modeling with Structure-aware Vocabulary

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  • Ankh: Optimized Protein Language Model Unlocks General-Purpose Modelling

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  • (GearNet) Protein Representation Learning by Geometric Structure Pretraining

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  • ProtST: Multi-Modality Learning of Protein Sequences and Biomedical Texts

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  • Efficient evolution of human antibodies from general protein language models

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  • (CARP) Convolutions are competitive with transformers for protein sequence pretraining

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  • (HelixFold-Single) A method for multiple-sequence-alignment-free protein structure prediction using a protein language model

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  • (ABGNN) Pre-training Antibody Language Models for Antigen-Specific Computational Antibody Design

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • (ReprogBert) Reprogramming Pretrained Language Models for Antibody Sequence Infilling

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  • xTrimoPGLM: Unified 100B-Scale Pre-trained Transformer for Deciphering the Language of Protein

    Dynamic JSON Badge

  • ProLLaMA: A Protein Large Language Model for Multi-Task Protein Language Processing

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • (ESM-GearNet) A Systematic Study of Joint Representation Learning on Protein Sequences and Structures

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  • (ProteinINR) Pre-training Sequence, Structure, and Surface Features for Comprehensive Protein Representation Learning

    Stars

  • (CaLM) Codon language embeddings provide strong signals for use in protein engineering

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  • (DeepGo) Protein function prediction as approximate semantic entailment

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  • PLMSearch: Protein language model powers accurate and fast sequence search for remote homology

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • Genomic language model predicts protein co-regulation and function

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

Protein foundation models are hot topics, more papers can be found in

Single-cell

  • (DCell) Using deep learning to model the hierarchical structure and function of a cell

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • scVAE: variational auto-encoders for single-cell gene expression data

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • A sandbox for prediction and integration of DNA, RNA, and proteins in single cells

    Dynamic JSON Badge

  • scBERT as a large-scale pretrained deep language model for cell type annotation of single-cell RNA-seq data

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • scPML: pathway-based multi-view learning for cell type annotation from single-cell RNA-seq data

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • (scFoundation) Large Scale Foundation Model on Single-cell Transcriptomics

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  • (DPI) Modeling and analyzing single-cell multimodal data with deep parametric inference

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  • (ScPROTEIN) A Versatile Deep Graph Contrastive Learning Framework for Single-cell Proteomics Embedding

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  • scGPT: toward building a foundation model for single-cell multi-omics using generative AI

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  • scMulan: a multitask generative pre-trained language model for single-cell analysis

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • scDiffusion: conditional generation of high-quality single-cell data using diffusion model

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  • Cell2Sentence: Teaching Large Language Models the Language of Biology

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • CellPLM: Pre-training of Cell Language Model Beyond Single Cells

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • Assessing GPT-4 for cell type annotation in single-cell RNA-seq analysis

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

Multimodalities

  • (DPI) Modeling and analyzing single-cell multimodal data with deep parametric inference

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • Pretraining model for biological sequence data

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  • BioSeq-BLM: a platform for analyzing DNA, RNA and protein sequences based on biological language models

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  • A sandbox for prediction and integration of DNA, RNA, and proteins in single cells

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  • Galactica: A Large Language Model for Science

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • BioT5: Enriching Cross-modal Integration in Biology with Chemical Knowledge and Natural Language Associations

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • DARWIN Series: Domain Specific Large Language Models for Natural Science

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • (scMoFormer) Single-Cell Multimodal Prediction via Transformers

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars

  • BioT5+: Towards Generalized Biological Understanding with IUPAC Integration and Multi-task Tuning

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • ChatCell: Facilitating Single-Cell Analysis with Natural Language

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

  • (Evo) Sequence modeling and design from molecular to genome scale with Evo

    Dynamic JSON Badge Stars Model

Related Resources

Related Surveys

  • Learning the protein language: Evolution, structure, and function

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  • Protein Language Models and Structure Prediction: Connection and Progression

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  • Progress and Opportunities of Foundation Models in Bioinformatics

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  • Deep Learning for Genomics: From Early Neural Nets to Modern Large Language Models

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  • Applications of transformer-based language models in bioinformatics: a survey

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  • Best practices for single-cell analysis across modalities

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  • Domain Specialization as the Key to Make Large Language Models Disruptive: A Comprehensive Survey

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  • Scientific Large Language Models: A Survey on Biological & Chemical Domains

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  • Large language models in bioinformatics: applications and perspectives

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  • Leveraging Biomolecule and Natural Language through Multi-Modal Learning: A Survey

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  • Machine learning for functional protein design

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