Backport to 22.8: Fix moving broken parts to the detached for the object storage disk on startup

[aalexfvk]

Clickhouse-server version 22.8 throws exception on startup when a metadata file on object storage disk has incorrect content.
The fixing code has been extracted from the PR

Error log:

0. DB::Exception::Exception(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, int, bool) @ 0xa3fb75a in /usr/bin/clickhouse
1. DB::throwReadAfterEOF() @ 0xa4026c0 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
2. void DB::readIntTextImpl<unsigned int, void, (DB::ReadIntTextCheckOverflow)0>(unsigned int&, DB::ReadBuffer&) @ 0xa5af217 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
3. DB::DiskObjectStorageMetadata::deserialize(DB::ReadBuffer&) @ 0x145994e3 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
4. DB::MetadataStorageFromDisk::readMetadataUnlocked(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, std::__1::shared_lock<std::__1::shared_mutex>&) const @ 0x14594878 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
5. DB::MetadataStorageFromDisk::getFileSize(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) const @ 0x14594446 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
6. DB::DiskRestartProxy::getFileSize(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&) const @ 0x145e4f11 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
7. ? @ 0x157a8dcd in /usr/bin/clickhouse
8. DB::DataPartStorageOnDisk::calculateTotalSizeOnDisk() const @ 0x157a8938 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
9. ? @ 0x158e491d in /usr/bin/clickhouse
10. ThreadPoolImpl<ThreadFromGlobalPool>::worker(std::__1::__list_iterator<ThreadFromGlobalPool, void*>) @ 0xa4bf9e6 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
11. void std::__1::__function::__policy_invoker<void ()>::__call_impl<std::__1::__function::__default_alloc_func<ThreadFromGlobalPool::ThreadFromGlobalPool<void ThreadPoolImpl<ThreadFromGlobalPool>::scheduleImpl<void>(std::__1::function<void ()>, int, std::__1::optional<unsigned long>)::'lambda0'()>(void&&)::'lambda'(), void ()> >(std::__1::__function::__policy_storage const*) @ 0xa4c1337 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
12. ThreadPoolImpl<std::__1::thread>::worker(std::__1::__list_iterator<std::__1::thread, void*>) @ 0xa4bd308 in /usr/bin/clickhouse
13. ? @ 0xa4c051d in /usr/bin/clickhouse
14. start_thread @ 0x76db in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread-2.27.so
15. __clone @ 0x12161f in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc-2.27.so
 (version 22.8.13.20 (official build))

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

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