bugfix: Flush async insert queue first on shutdown

[joelynch]

Fixes bug where on graceful shutdown the database catalog is shutdown before queries in the async insert queue run, causing all the queries to fail and data to be lost.

Can easily recreate by running

CREATE TABLE test (a String, b UInt64) ENGINE = MergeTree ORDER BY a;
SET async_insert = 1;
SET wait_for_async_insert = 0;
SET async_insert_busy_timeout_ms = 1000000;
INSERT INTO test VALUES ('world', 23456);

then shutting down the server. Expected behaviour: when ClickHouse is restarted, table test has 1 row. Actual behaviour: Clickhouse logs an ERROR and when restarted table test has 0 rows.

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fix bug in flushing of async insert queue on graceful shutdown.

[CLAassistant]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[robot-ch-test-poll]

This is an automated comment for commit 075c026 with description of existing statuses. It's updated for the latest CI running
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The overall status of the commit is 🔴 failure

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[joelynch]

Added a test

[joelynch]

Some errors in CI but seem unrelated to this change

[CurtizJ]

test_merge_tree_azure_blob_storage/test.py::test_table_manipulations is flaky.

test_storage_rabbitmq is unrelated.