Introduce setting date_time_overflow_behavior to control the overflow behavior when converting to Date / Date32 / DateTime / DateTime64

[zvonand]

Closes #51402, #39249.

This is a better version of #40217.

Changelog category (leave one):

• Improvement

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Introduced setting date_time_overflow_behavior with possible values ignore, throw, saturate that controls the overflow behavior when converting from Date, Date32, DateTime64, Integer or Float to Date, Date32, DateTime or DateTime64.

[zvonand]

Current behavior is left as default, but the behavior itself is not very good.
For instance, some functions are declared monotonic, but in some cases they aren't saturated -> they are not monotonic.

[robot-clickhouse-ci-2]

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[rschu1ze]

1. Sorry, I know I asked before but should we replace the if by a switch?

2. If the mode is ignore, we'll throw an exception. That doesn't sound right. EDIT: I think you wanted to preserve the previous behavior which was throw and therefore different from the setting default value ignore. So that's okay then, but please let's add a comment to not confuse future readers of the code.

[zvonand]

1. Yes, here it is fine to replace it
2. Comment added