Elzero Web School

Python Course

006 - Some Data Types Overviews

type() All Data in Python is Object

009 - Escape Sequences Characters

\b => Back Space \newline => Escape New Line +
\\ => Escape Back Slash \' => Escape Single Quotes \" => Escape Double Quotes \n => Line Feed \r => Carriage Return \t => Horizontal Tab \xhh => Character Hex Value

012 - Strings Indexing And Slicing

Slicing ( Access Multiple Sequence Items ) [Start:End] End Not Included [Start:End:Steps]

• [:0] => If Start Is Not Here Will Start From 0
• [0:] => If End Is Not Here Will Go To The End
• [:] => Full Data
• [::2] => take index+2
• [::-1] => reverse string

013 - Strings Methods Part 1

• len() => to get length of element

trim() equivlent in python

• .strip() => to remove spaces at start and end

• .rstrip() => to remove spaces at right

• .lstrip() => to remove spaces at left

• u can pass string to remove in bracktes eg. .rstrip("#") it will remove hashes from right

• .title() => to capitlize first char and char after digits

• .captalize() => to capitlize

• .zfill(width) => to fill string with zero

• .upper() => to capitlize each char

• .lower() => to make each char lowercase

014 - Strings Methods Part 2

• .split() => to make each char lowercase by default it split by spaces -- u can pass which char to split and how may element to split .split("-",3)
• .rsplit() => to make each char lowercase by default it split by spaces -- u can pass which char to split and how may element to split from right.rsplit("-",3)
• .center(9) => to center text between by default it center text between space -- u can define char to center text between .center(9,"#")
• .count("text") => to count text in string -- u can define range to sreach in .count("text", 0, 25)
• .swapcase() => to swap char case if upper make it lower
• .startswith("text") => check if text start with something -- u can define range to sreach in .startswith("text", 0, 25)
• .endswith("text") => check if text end with something -- u can define range to sreach in .endswith("text", 0, 25)

015 - Strings Methods Part 3

• .index("text") => to get index of subText in string -- u can define range index(SubString, Start, End) -- if text dosen't exsist it return error text not found
• .find("text") => to get index of subText in string -- u can define range find(SubString, Start, End) -- if text dosen't exsist it return -1
• .rjust(Width, Fill Char) .ljust(Width, Fill Char) => work like center
• .splitlines() => return lines in list
• .expandtabs(2) => control tab between text

check if text

• .istitle() =>
• .istitle() =>
• .islower() =>
• .isidentifier() => check if string can be variable name
• .isalpha() => check if string is a-zA-Z
• .isalnum() => check if string is alphapetic or number

016 - Strings Methods Part 4

• .replace(Old Value, New Value, Count) =>
• "#".join(Iterable) => join items with #

017 - Strings Formatting Old Way

placeholder

• %s => String
• %d => Number
• %f => Float -- u can control precsion like %.2f

n = "Osama"
l = "Python"
y = 10

print("My Name is %s Iam %s Developer With %d Years Exp" % (n, l, y))

Truncate String | Slice String

• %.5s => String control number of char to show

018 - Strings Formatting New Ways

placeholder

• {:s} => String
• {:d} => Number -- u can format money every 3 digit by {:_d} | {:,d} -- not all special char is vaild eg. {:&d} is wrong
• {:f} => Float -- u can control precsion like {.2f}

n = "Osama"
l = "Python"
y = 10

print("My Name is {} Iam {} Developer With {:d} Years Exp".format(n, l, y))

Truncate String | Slice String

• {.5s} => String control number of char to show

ReArrange Items

a, b, c = "One", "Two", "Three"
print("Hello {} {} {}".format(a, b, c))  # Hello One Two Three
print("Hello {2} {0} {1}".format(a, b, c))  # Hello Three One Two

x, y, z = 10, 20, 30
print("Hello {2:.2f} {0:.4f} {1:.5f}".format(x, y, z))

Format in Version 3.6+

• f"{VarName}"

myName = "Osama"
myAge = 36

print("My Name is : {myName} and My Age is : {myAge}")
print(f"My Name is : {myName} and My Age is : {myAge}")

019 - Numbers

• myComplexNumber = 5+6j -- .real => to print real part of complex -- .imag => to print imaginary part of complex

• [1] You Can Convert From Int To Float or Complex

• [2] You Can Convert From Float To Int or Complex

• [3] You Cannot Convert Complex To Any Type

• float(number) => to convert number to float

• complex(number) => to convert number to complex

• int(number) => to convert number to int

020 - Arithmetic Operators

• [+] Addition
• [-] Subtraction
• [*] Multiplication
• [/] Division
• [%] Modulus
• [**] Exponent
• [//] Floor Division

021 - Lists

• [1] List Items Are Enclosed in Square Brackets

• [2] List Are Ordered, To Use Index To Access Item

• [3] List Are Mutable => Add, Delete, Edit

• [4] List Items Is Not Unique

• [5] List Can Have Different Data Types

• list[index] => to access certin element by index if index grater than length it return index out of range

• list[start:end:step] => to slice list

• list[index] = => change element value

• list[start:end:step] = => replace slice with lsit ot item

022 - Lists Methods Part 1

• a.append(b) => add element to the end of the list -- if b is a list it will be added to list a as element list in list
• a.extend(b) => add list elements to list
• a.remove(element) => remove first found element from list a
• .sort() => to sort list of same type -- u can define soert direction by pass reverse to method .sort(reverse=True)
• .reverse() => reverse list of items

023 - Lists Methods Part 2

• .clear() => clear all items in list
• .copy() => make shallow copy of list -- shallow copy => any change made to original list not applied to shallow copy -- deep copy => any change made to original list applied to shallow copy
• .count(item) => count how many item in list
• .index(item) => get index of item in list
• .insert(index,item) => add item to list before given index
• .pop(index) => to remove item from given index return value is the deleted item

024 - Tuples And Methods Part 1

• [1] Tuple Items Are Enclosed in Parentheses
• [2] You Can Remove The Parentheses If You Want
• [3] Tuple Are Ordered, To Use Index To Access Item
• [4] Tuple Are Immutable => You Cant Add or Delete
• [5] Tuple Items Is Not Unique
• [6] Tuple Can Have Different Data Types
• [7] Operators Used in Strings and Lists Available In Tuples

025 - Tuples And Methods Part 2

• Tuple With One Element -- to make python know that we have a one element tuple we need to put comma after it

myTuple1 = ("Osama",)
myTuple2 = "Osama",

• Tuple Concatenation

a = (1, 2, 3, 4)
b = (5, 6)

c = a + b
d = a + ("A", "B", True) + b

• Tuple, List, String Repeat (*)

myString = "Osama"
myList = [1, 2]
myTuple = ("A", "B")

print(myString * 6)
print(myList * 6)
print(myTuple * 6)

• Tuple Destruct -- we use underscore _ to ignore values

a = ("A", "B", 4, "C")

x, y, _, z = a

026 - Set

• [1] Set Items Are Enclosed in Curly Braces
• [2] Set Items Are Not Ordered And Not Indexed
• [3] Set Indexing and Slicing Cant Be Done
• [4] Set Has Only Immutable Data Types (Numbers, Strings, Tuples) List and Dict Are Not
• [5] Set Items Is Unique

027 - Set Methods Part 1

• .clear()

• .union()

  b = {"One", "Two", "Three"}
  c = {"1", "2", "3"}
  x = {"Zero", "Cool"}

print(b | c)
print(b.union(c, x))

• .add()
• .copy()
• .remove()

g = {1, 2, 3, 4}
g.remove(1)
# g.remove(7)

• .discard()

h = {1, 2, 3, 4}
h.discard(1)
h.discard(7)

• .pop()
• .update()

j = {1, 2, 3}
k = {1, "A", "B", 2}
j.update(['Html', "Css"])
j.update(k)

028 - Set Methods Part 2

• a.difference(b) -- return diffrence between two tupels -- equal to a-b

a = {1, 2, 3, 4}
b = {1, 2, 3, "Osama", "Ahmed"}
print(a.difference(b))  # a - b

• difference_update() -- update orgin set to be the diffrence

c = {1, 2, 3, 4}
d = {1, 2, "Osama", "Ahmed"}
c.difference_update(d)  # c - d

• a.intersection(b) -- return similar items between tupels -- equal to a & b

e = {1, 2, 3, 4, "X", "Osama"}
f = {"Osama", "X", 2}
print(e.intersection(f))  # e & f

• a.intersection_update(b) -- update orgin set to be the similar items between tupels

g = {1, 2, 3, 4, "X", "Osama"}
h = {"Osama", "X", 2}
g.intersection_update(h)  # g & h

• a.symmetric_difference(b) -- return items not exsist in a and b -- equal to a ^ b

i = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "X"}
j = {"Osama", "Zero", 1, 2, 4, "X"}
print(i.symmetric_difference(j))  # i ^ j

• a.symmetric_difference_update(b) -- update orgin set to be items not exsist in a and b

i = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "X"}
j = {"Osama", "Zero", 1, 2, 4, "X"}
k.symmetric_difference_update(l)  # k ^ l

029 - Set Methods Part 3

• a.issuperset(b) -- check if a is superset of b or all element in b exsist in a
• a.issubset(b) -- check if a is subset of b or all element in a exsist in b
• a.isdisjoint(b) -- check if all items in a is diffrent from all items in b

g = {1, 2, 3, 4}
h = {1, 2, 3}
i = {10, 11, 12}

print(g.isdisjoint(h))  # False
print(g.isdisjoint(i))  # True

030 - Dictionary

• [1] Dict Items Are Enclosed in Curly Braces

• [2] Dict Items Are Contains Key : Value

• [3] Dict Key Need To Be Immutable => (Number, String, Tuple) List Not Allowed

• [4] Dict Value Can Have Any Data Types

• [5] Dict Key Need To Be Unique -- if there is repeated key the last one will applied

• [6] Dict Is Not Ordered You Access Its Element With Key

• Accessing values -- dic[key] -- dic.get(key) -- dic.keys => get all key -- dic.values => get all values

user = {
  "name": "Osama",
  "age": 36,
  "country": "Egypt",
  "skills": ["Html", "Css", "JS"],
  "rating": 10.5
}

print(user)
print(user['country'])
print(user.get("country"))

• Two-Dimensional Dictionary

languages = {
  "One": {
    "name": "Html",
    "progress": "80%"
  },
  "Two": {
    "name": "Css",
    "progress": "90%"
  },
  "Three": {
    "name": "Js",
    "progress": "90%"
  }
}

print(languages)
print(languages['One'])
print(languages['Three']['name'])

• len(dic) => to get the length of dictionary

031 - Dictionary Methods Part 1

• .clear()
• .update({"key": value}) => add new item -- u can do the same with dic[newkey] = newValue
• .copy()
• .keys() => return all keys
• .values() => return all values

032 - Dictionary Methods Part 2

• a.setdefault(key,value) -- get value of key and assign default value if key not exist in dictionary -- if default value not set and key not exsist it return none

• .popitem() -- return the last added number -- before v3 it was returning random item

• .items() => retun all items in tupels (key,value)

• fromkeys(iterable,value)

a = ('MyKeyOne', 'MyKeyTwo', 'MyKeyThree')
b = "X"

print(dict.fromkeys(a, b))

033 - Boolean

• [1] In Programming You Need to Known Your If Your Code Output is True Or False
• [2] Boolean Values Are The Two Constant Objects False + True.
• all empty object are false [] | () | {} |""

034 - Boolean Operators

• and
• or
• not

035 - Assignment Operators

• = =>
• += =>
• -= =>
• *= =>
• /= =>
• **= =>
• %= =>
• //= =>

036 - Comparison Operators

• [ == ] Equal
• [ != ] Not Equal
• [ > ] Greater Than
• [ < ] Less Than
• [ >= ] Greater Than Or Equal
• [ <= ] Less Than Or Equal

037 - Type Converstion

• str()
• tuple()
• list()
• set()
• dict() => required list or tuple to be nested with keys and values like (("A",1),("B",6),("C",5)) => Tuples [["A",1],["B",6],["C",5]] => Lists {{"A",1},{"B",6},{"C",5}} => Sets

038 - User Input

• input(msg) => to get input from user

fName = input('What\'s Is Your First Name?')

041 - Control Flow - If, Elif, Else

• If, Elif, Else

043 - Control Flow - Ternary Conditional Operator

• Condition If True | If Condition | Else | Condition If False

print("Movie S Not Good 4U" if age < movieRate else "Movie S Good 4U And Happy Watching")

045 - Membership Operators

• thing in somethings => check if thing is included in somethings
• not in => check if thing is not included in somethings

047 - Loop – While and Else

• while -- u can use break to stop loop

# while condition_is_true
#   Code Will Run Until Condition Become False
#   don't forget to put something that end loop
# else:
#   When the ondition_is_false

051 - Loop – For and Else

• For

# for item in iterable_object :
#   Do Something With Item
# else:
#   loop is finished

• item Is A Vairable You Create and Call Whenever You Want
• item refer to the current position and will run and visit all items to the end
• iterable_object => Sequence [ list, tuples, set, dict, string of charcaters, etc ... ]

054 - Break Continue Pass

• continue => stop current iteration and go to the next one
• break => stop iteration
• pass => to use it in empty block which will be implimented later

056 - Function and Return

• [1] A Function is A Reusable Block Of Code Do A Task
• [2] A Function Run When You Call It
• [3] A Function Accept Element To Deal With Called [Parameters]
• [4] A Function Can Do The Task Without Returning Data
• [5] A Function Can Return Data After Job is Finished
• [6] A Function Create To Prevent DRY
• [7] A Function Accept Elements When You Call It Called [Arguments]
• [8] There's A Built-In Functions and User Defined Functions
• [9] A Function Is For All Team and All Apps

058 - Function Packing, Unpacking Arguments

• must be last param in function arguments if there another argument

# define
def say_hello(*peoples):  # n1, n2, n3, n4

  for name in peoples:

    print(f"Hello {name}")

# call
say_hello("Osama", "Ahmed", "Sayed", "Mahmoud")

059 - Function Default Parameters

• It can be done by assign values to arguments
• Only in last arguments or all arguments

060 - Function Packing Unpacking Keyword

• Function Packing, Unpacking Arguments **KWArgs

def show_skills(*skills):

  print(type(skills))

  for skill in skills:

    print(f"{skill}")

show_skills("Html", "CSS", "JS")

mySkills = {
  'Html': "80%",
  'Css': "70%",
  'Js': "50%",
  'Python': "80%",
  "Go": "40%"
}

def show_skills(**skills):

  print(type(skills))

  for skill, value in skills.items():

    print(f"{skill} => {value}")

show_skills(**mySkills)

061 - Function Packing Unpacking Arguments

• ** => to unpack dictionary
• * => to unpack tupels

062 - Function Scope

• to make local var gloabal we use global var

063 - Function Recursion

• To Understand Recursion, You Need to First Understand Recursion
• A function that it call it self

# Test Word [ WWWoooorrrldd ] # print(x[1:])

def cleanWord(word):

  if len(word) == 1:

    return word

  print(f"Print Start Function {word}")

  if word[0] == word[1]:

    print(f"Print Before Condition {word}")

    return cleanWord(word[1:])

  print(f"Print Before Return {word}")

  return word[0] + cleanWord(word[1:])

  # Stash [ World ]

print(cleanWord("WWWoooorrrldd"))

064 - Function Lambda

• Anonymous Function
• [1] It Has No Name
• [2] You Can Call It Inline Without Defining It
• [3] You Can Use It In Return Data From Another Function
• [4] Lambda Used For Simple Functions and Def Handle The Large Tasks
• [5] Lambda is One Single Expression not Block Of Code
• [6] Lambda Type is Function

def say_hello(name, age) : return f"Hello {name} your Age Is: {age}"
print(say_hello("Ahmed", 36))

hello = lambda name, age : f"Hello {name} your Age Is: {age}"
print(hello("Ahmed", 36))

• U can get method or function name by using __name__

065 - Files Handling – Part 1 Intro

• file modes -- "a" Append Open File For Appending Values, Create File If Not Exists -- "r" Read [Default Value] Open File For Read and Give Error If File is Not Exists -- "w" Write Open File For Writing, Create File If Not Exists -- "x" Create Create File, Give Error If File Exists

• open(path,mode)

  • path can be relative or absolute
  • mode can be any from above

import os

# Main Current Working Directory
print(os.getcwd())

# Directory For The Opened File
print(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

# Change Current Working Directory
os.chdir(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))

print(os.getcwd())

print(os.path.abspath(__file__))

file = open(r"D:\Python\Files\nfiles\osama.txt")

file = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt")

• To make string ignore every special char and make it a raw string u must put r before quotes r"this is raw text and this \n won't work"

066 - Files Handling Part 2 Read Files

• By default when print file it give u data about it not the containing content

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "r")

print(myFile)  # File Data Object

• U can access certin data like that

print(myFile.name)
print(myFile.mode)
print(myFile.encoding)

• To read content use read() -- u can define bytes to read -- by default bytes is set to -1 mean get all content

print(myFile.read())
print(myFile.read(5))

• readline() used to get content from line -- u can specify bytes to read from this line -- if u called it again it will read the next line

print(myFile.readline(5))
print(myFile.readline())
print(myFile.readline())

print(myFile.readlines())
print(myFile.readlines(50))

• readlines to get all lines as a list

print(type(myFile.readlines()))

for line in myFile:

  print(line)

  if line.startswith("07"):

    break

• Best paractise is to close file after finishing ur stuff

# Close The File

myFile.close()

067 - Files Handling Part 3 Write and Append In Files

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "w")
myFile.write("Hello\n")
myFile.write("Third Line")

myFile = open(r"D:\Python\Files\fun.txt", "w")
myFile.write("Elzero Web School\n" * 1000)

myList = ["Oasma\n", "Ahmed\n", "Sayed\n"]

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "w")
myFile.writelines(myList)

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "a")
myFile.write("Elzero")

068 - Files Handling – Part 4 Important Info

• truncate(bytes) =>

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "a")
myFile.truncate(5)

• tell() => get cursor postion -- new line in windows calculate as two bytes

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "a")
print(myFile.tell())

• seek(bytes) => set cursor postion

myFile = open("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt", "r")
myFile.seek(11)
print(myFile.read())

• remove(path) => remove

os.remove("D:\Python\Files\osama.txt")

069 - Built In Functions Part 1

• all(iterable) => Check if all items in iterable are true then return true
• any(iterable) => Check if any item in iterable are true then return true
• bin(5532) => Convert to binary
• id(var) => Get id or iddress of var in memory

070 - Built In Functions Part 2

• sum(iterable,start) => Get sum of all items in iterable
• round(num,percision = 0) => Round flaoting number
• range(start = 0,end,step = 1) => Get range of number
• print() => print to console -- sep=" " => to define separtor between text when there is too many args to be printed by default it's add space -- end="\n" => to define end of text by default it add new ;ine

071 - Built In Functions Part 3

• abs() => get the absolute value of number
• pow(number,exponent) => equal to number**exp
• min(iteratable) => Get min from list
• max(iteratable) => Get max value from list
• a[slice(start,end ,step)] => Same as a[start:end:stop] but stop must write

072 - Built In Functions Part 4 – Map

• [1] Map Take A Function + Iterator

• [2] Map Called Map Because It Map The Function On Every Element

• [3] The Function Can Be Pre-Defined Function or Lambda Function

• Use Map With Predefined Function

def formatText(text):

  return f"- {text.strip().capitalize()} -"

myTexts = [" OSama ", "AHMED", "  sAYed  "]

myFormatedData = map(formatText, myTexts)

print(myFormatedData)

for name in list(map(formatText, myTexts)):

  print(name)

print("#" * 50)

• Use Map With Lambda Function

def formatText(text):

  return f"- {text.strip().capitalize()} -"

myTexts = [" OSama ", "AHMED", "  sAYed  "]

for name in list(map((lambda text: f"- {text.strip().capitalize()} -"), myTexts)):

  print(name)

073 - Built In Functions Part 5 – Filter

• [1] Filter Take A Function + Iterator

• [2] Filter Run A Function On Every Element

• [3] The Function Can Be Pre-Defined Function or Lambda Function

• [4] Filter Out All Elements For Which The Function Return True

• [5] The Function Need To Return Boolean Value

• Example 1

def checkNumber(num):

  return num > 10

myNumbers = [0, 0, 1, 19, 10, 20, 100, 5, 0]

myResult = filter(checkNumber, myNumbers)

for number in myResult:

  print(number)

print("#" * 50)

• Example 2

def checkName(name):

  return name.startswith("O")

myTexts = ["Osama", "Omer", "Omar", "Ahmed", "Sayed", "Othman"]

myReturnedData = filter(checkName, myTexts)

for person in myReturnedData:

  print(person)

print("#" * 50)

• Example 3

myNames = ["Osama", "Omer", "Omar", "Ahmed", "Sayed", "Othman", "Ameer"]

for p in filter(lambda name: name.startswith("A"), myNames):

  print(p)

074 - Built In Functions Part 6 – Reduce

• [1] Reduce Take A Function + Iterator
• [2] Reduce Run A Function On FIrst and Second Element And Give Result
• [3] Then Run Function On Result And Third Element
• [4] Then Run Function On Rsult And Fourth Element And So On
• [5] Till One ELement is Left And This is The Result of The Reduce
• [6] The Function Can Be Pre-Defined Function or Lambda Function

from functools import reduce

def sumAll(num1, num2):

  return num1 + num2

numbers = [1, 8, 2, 9, 100]

result = reduce(sumAll, numbers)

result = reduce(lambda num1, num2: num1 + num2, numbers)

print(result)

# ((((1 + 8) + 2) + 9) + 100)

075 - Built In Functions Part 7

• enumerate(iterable, start=0) => add counter to itertable

mySkills = ["Html", "Css", "Js", "PHP"]

mySkillsWithCounter = enumerate(mySkills, 20)

print(type(mySkillsWithCounter))

for counter, skill in mySkillsWithCounter:

  print(f"{counter} - {skill}")

print("#" * 50)

• help() => Get the manual of any function in python

print(help(print))

print("#" * 50)

• reversed(iterable) => Return reversed oreder iteratable

myString = "Elzero"

print(reversed(myString))

for letter in reversed(myString):

  print(letter)

for s in reversed(mySkills):

  print(s)

076 - Modules Part 1 - Intro And Built In Modules

• [1] Module is A File Contain A Set Of Functions

• [2] You Can Import Module in Your App To Help You

• [3] You Can Import Multiple Modules

• [4] You Can Create Your Own Modules

• [5] Modules Saves Your Time

• Import Main Module

import random
print(random)
print(f"Print Random Float Number {random.random()}")

• Show All Functions Inside Module

print(dir(random))

• Import One Or Two Functions From Module

from random import randint, random
print(f"Print Random Float {random()}")
print(f"Print Random Integer {randint(100, 900)}")

077 - Modules – Part 2 – Create Your Module

• Add path to import module from

import sys
sys.path.append(r"D:\Games")
print(sys.path)

• Import ur own module and use it -- dir(module) => to list all method included

import elzero
print(dir(elzero))

elzero.sayHello("Ahmed")

elzero.sayHowAreYou("Ahmed")

• Alias => give ur module shorten name or an alias -- can be make to module name or function in it

import elzero as ee

ee.sayHello("Ahmed")

ee.sayHowAreYou("Ahmed")

from elzero import sayHello

sayHello("Osama")

from elzero import sayHello as ss

ss("Osama")

• To solve problem of import in vscode cntrl+shift+P -- open settings json file -- add "python.autocomplete.extraPaths":["path"]

078 - Modules – Part 3 – Install External Packages

• [1] Module vs Package

• [2] External Packages Downloaded From The Internet

• [3] You Can Install Packages With Python Package Manager PIP

• [4] PIP Install the Package and Its Dependencies

• [5] Modules List "https://docs.python.org/3/py-modindex.html"

• [6] Packages and Modules Directory "https://pypi.org/"

• [7] PIP Manual "https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/"

• pip --version => To check if pip is installed

• pip list => List all installed packages or modules and its version

• pip install pakageName => Install package or module -- u can write all pakages pip install pakageName01 pakageName02 pakageName03 ... -- packName==versio => Specify certin version -- packName>=versio => Specify any version above this version

• pyfiglet => String to ASCI art

• termcolor => Color string in console

import termcolor
import pyfiglet

print(dir(pyfiglet))
print(pyfiglet.figlet_format("Elzero"))
print(termcolor.colored("Elzero", color="yellow"))

print(termcolor.colored(pyfiglet.figlet_format("Elzero"), color="yellow"))

079 - Date And Time Introduction

import datetime

# print(dir(datetime))
# print(dir(datetime.datetime))

# Print The Current Date and Time
print(datetime.datetime.now())

print("#" * 40)

# Print The Current Year
print(datetime.datetime.now().year)

# Print The Current Month
print(datetime.datetime.now().month)

# Print The Current Day
print(datetime.datetime.now().day)

print("#" * 40)

• Print Start and End Of Date

print(datetime.datetime.min)
print(datetime.datetime.max)

print("#" * 40)

# print(dir(datetime.datetime.now()))

• Print The Current Time

print(datetime.datetime.now().time())

print("#" * 40)

• Print The Current Time Hour

print(datetime.datetime.now().time().hour)

• Print The Current Time Minute

print(datetime.datetime.now().time().minute)

• Print The Current Time Second

print(datetime.datetime.now().time().second)

print("#" * 40)

• Print Start and End Of Time

print(datetime.time.min)
print(datetime.time.max)

print("#" * 40)

• Print Specific Date

print(datetime.datetime(1982, 10, 25))
print(datetime.datetime(1982, 10, 25, 10, 45, 55, 150364))

myBirthDay = datetime.datetime(1982, 10, 25)
dateNow = datetime.datetime.now()

print(f"My Birthday is {myBirthDay} And ", end="")
print(f"Date Now Is {dateNow}")

print(f" I Lived For {dateNow - myBirthDay}")
print(f" I Lived For {(dateNow - myBirthDay).days} Days.")

080 - Date And Time Format Date

• https://strftime.org/

import datetime

myBirthday = datetime.datetime(1982, 10, 25)

print(myBirthday)
print(myBirthday.strftime("%a"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%A"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%b"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%B"))

print(myBirthday.strftime("%d %B %Y"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%d, %B, %Y"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%d/%B/%Y"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%d - %B - %Y"))
print(myBirthday.strftime("%B - %Y"))

081 - Iterable Vs Iterator

• Iterable -- [1] Object Contains Data That Can Be Iterated Upon -- [2] Examples (String, List, Set, Tuple, Dictionary)

• Iterator -- [1] Object Used To Iterate Over Iterable Using next() Method Return 1 Element At A Time -- [2] You Can Generate Iterator From Iterable When Using iter() Method -- [3] For Loop Already Calls iter() Method on The Iterable Behind The Scene -- [4] Gives "StopIteration" If Theres No Next Element

myString = "Osama"

myList = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

for letter in myString:

  print(letter, end=" ")

for number in myList:

  print(number, end=" ")

myIterator = iter(myString)

print(next(myIterator))
print(next(myIterator))
print(next(myIterator))
print(next(myIterator))
print(next(myIterator))
print(next(myIterator))

for letter in iter("Elzero"):

  print(letter, end=" ")

082 - Generators

• [1] Generator is a Function With "yield" Keyword Instead of "return"
• [2] It Support Iteration and Return Generator Iterator By Calling "yield"
• [3] Generator Function Can Have one or More "yield"
• [4] By Using next() It Resume From Where It Called "yield" Not From Begining
• [5] When Called, Its Not Start Automatically, Its Only Give You The Control

def myGenerator():
  yield 1
  yield 2
  yield 3
  yield 4

myGen = myGenerator()

print(next(myGen), end=" ")
print("Hello From Python")
print(next(myGen), end=" ")

for number in myGen:
  print(number)

083 - Decorators – Intro

• [1] Sometimes Called Meta Programming
• [2] Everything in Python is Object Even Functions
• [3] Decorator Take A Function and Add Some Functionality and Return It
• [4] Decorator Wrap Other Function and Enhance Their Behaviour
• [5] Decorator is Higher Order Function (Function Accept Function As Parameter)

def myDecorator(func):  # Decorator

  def nestedFunc():  # Any Name Its Just For Decoration

    print("Before")  # Message From Decorator

    func()  # Execute Function

    print("After")  # Message From Decorator

  return nestedFunc  # Return All Data

• Sugar syntax recommended

@myDecorator

def sayHello():

  print("Hello From Say Hello Function")

sayHello()

@myDecorator

def sayHowAreYou():

  print("Hello From Say How Are You Function")

sayHowAreYou()

• replace for sugar format

afterDecoration = myDecorator(sayHello)

afterDecoration()

085 - Decorators – Function with Parameters

• Function accept one or more decoration

def myDecorator(func):  # Decorator

  def nestedFunc(num1, num2):  # Any Name Its Just For Decoration

    if num1 < 0 or num2 < 0:

      print("Beware One Of The Numbers Is Less Than Zero")

    func(num1, num2)  # Execute Function

  return nestedFunc  # Return All Data

def myDecoratorTwo(func):  # Decorator

  def nestedFunc(num1, num2):  # Any Name Its Just For Decoration

    print("Coming From Decorator Two")

    func(num1, num2)  # Execute Function

  return nestedFunc  # Return All Data

@myDecorator
@myDecoratorTwo

def calculate(n1, n2):

  print(n1 + n2)

calculate(-5, 90)

086 - Practical Loop on Many Iterators With Zip

• zip() Return A Zip Object Contains All Objects
• zip() Length Is The Length of Lowest Object

list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
list2 = ["A", "B", "C", "D"]
tuple1 = ("Man", "Woman", "Girl", "Boy")
dict1 = {"Name": "Osama", "Age": 36, "Country": "Egypt", "Skill": "Python"}

for item1, item2, item3, item4 in zip(list1, list2, tuple1, dict1):

  print("List 1 Item =>", item1)
  print("List 2 Item =>", item2)
  print("Tuple 1 Item =>", item3)
  print("Dict 1 Key =>", item4, "Value =>", dict1[item4])

ultimateList = zip(list1, list2)
print(ultimateList)
for item in ultimateList:
  print(item)

087 - Practical Image Manipulation With Pillow

from PIL import Image

# Open The Image
myImage = Image.open("D:\Python\Files\game.jpg")

# Show The Image
myImage.show()

# My Cropped Image
myBox = (300, 300, 800, 800)
myNewImage = myImage.crop(myBox)

# Show The New Image
myNewImage.show()

# My Converted Mode Image
myConverted = myImage.convert("L")
myConverted.show()

088 - Doc String & Commenting vs Documenting

• [1] Documentation String For Class, Module or Function

• [2] Can Be Accessed From The Help and Doc Attributes

• [3] Made For Understanding The Functionality of The Complex Code

• [4] Theres One Line and Multiple Line Doc Strings

• Single Line doc

def elzero_function(name):
  ''' DOC Text  '''
  print(f"Hello {name} From Elzero")

• MultiLine doc

def elzero_function(name):
  """
  Elzero Function
    It Say Hello From Elzero
  Parameter:
    name => Person Name That Use Function
  Return:
    Return Hello Message To The Person
  """
  print(f"Hello {name} From Elzero")

elzero_function("Ahmed")

print(dir(elzero_function))

print(elzero_function.__doc__)

help(elzero_function)

089 - Installing And Use Pylint For Better Code

• pip install pylint

• Vscode extension

• In Terminal pylint.exe fileLocation -- eg. pylint.exe d:/python/main.py

090 - Errors And Exceptions Raising

• [1] Exceptions Is A Runtime Error Reporting Mechanism
• [2] Exception Gives You The Message To Understand The Problem
• [3] Traceback Gives You The Line To Look For The Code in This Line
• [4] Exceptions Have Types (SyntaxError, IndexError, KeyError, Etc...)
• [5] Exceptions List
• [6] raise Keyword Used To Raise Your Own Exceptions

x = -10

if x < 0:

  raise Exception(f"The Number {x} Is Less Than Zero")

  print("This Will Not Print Because The Error")

else:

  print(f"{x} Is Good Number and Ok")

print('Print Message After If Condition')

y = 10

if type(y) != int:

  raise ValueError("Only Numbers Allowed")

print('Print Message After If Condition')

091 - Exceptions Handling Try, Except, Else, Finally

• Try => Test The Code For Errors
• Except => Handle The Errors
• Else => If No Errors
• Finally => Run The Code

number = int(input("Write Your Age: "))

print(number)
print(type(number))

try:  # Try The Code and Test Errors

  number = int(input("Write Your Age: "))

  print("Good, This Is Integer From Try")

except:  # Handle The Errors If Its Found

  print("Bad, This is Not Integer")

else:  # If Theres No Errors

  print("Good, This Is Integer From Else")

finally:

  print("Print From Finally Whatever Happens")


try:

  # print(10 / 0)
  # print(x)
  print(int("Hello"))

except ZeroDivisionError:

  print("Cant Divide")

except NameError:

  print("Identifier Not Found")

except ValueError:

  print("Value Error Elzero")

except:

  print("Error Happens")

093 - Debugging Code

my_list = [1, 2, 3]

my_dictionary = {"Name": "Osama", "Age": 36, "Country": "Egypt"}

for num in my_list:

  print(num)

for key, value in my_dictionary.items():

  print(f"{key} => {value}")

def function_one_one():

  print("Hello From Function One")

function_one_one()

094 - Type Hinting

• It's just a type hint for your code

• Not affect code or put restrict in runtime to var

• var : type

• def funNamr() -> type:

def say_hello(name) -> str:

  print(f"Hello {name}")

say_hello("Ahmed")

def calculate(n1, n2) -> str:

  print(n1 + n2)

calculate(10, 40)

095 - Regular Expressions Part 1 Intro

• [1] Sequence of Characters That Define A Search Pattern
• [2] Regular Expression is Not In Python Its General Concept
• [3] Used In [Credit Card Validation, IP Address Validation, Email Validation]
• [4] Test RegEx
• [5] Characters Sheet

096 - Regular Expressions Part 2 Quantifiers

• * 0 or more

• + 1 or more

• ? 0 or 1

• {2} Exactly 2

• {2, 5} Between 2 and 5

• {2,} 2 or more

• (,5} Up to 5

• regex101

098 - Regular Expressions Part 4 Assertions & Email Pattern

• ^ Start of String
• $ End of string

# [A-z0-9\.]+@[A-z0-9]+\.[A-z]+
# ^[A-z0-9\.]+@[A-z0-9]+\.(com|net|org|info)$

99 - Regular Expressions Part 5 Logical Or And Escaping

• | Or
• \ Escape Special Characters
• () Separate Groups

100 - Regular Expressions Part 6 Re Module Search And FindAll

• search() => Search A String For A Match And Return A First Match Only

• findall() => Returns A List Of All Matches and Empty List if No Match

• Email Pattern => [A-z0-9.]+@[A-z0-9]+.(com|net|org|info)

• .span() is postion of searched string

• .match is the searched string

• .string is the string u search into

• .group()

import re

my_search = re.search(r"[A-Z]{2}", "OOsamaEElzero")

print(my_search)
print(my_search.span())
print(my_search.string)
print(my_search.group())

is_email = re.search(r"[A-z0-9\.]+@[A-z0-9]+\.(com|net)", "os@osama.com")

if is_email:

  print("This is A Valid Email")

  print(is_email.span())
  print(is_email.string)
  print(is_email.group())

else:

  print("This is Not A Valid Email")

email_input = input("Please Write Your Email: ")

search = re.findall(r"[A-z0-9\.]+@[A-z0-9]+\.com|net", email_input)

empty_list = []

if search != []:

  empty_list.append(search)

  print("Email Added")

else:

  print("Invalid Email")

for email in empty_list:

  print(email)

101 - Regular Expressions Part 7 Re Module Split And Sub

• split(Pattern, String, MaxSplit) => Return A List Of Elements Splitted On Each Match
• sub(Pattern, Replace, String, ReplaceCount) => Replace Matches With What You Want

import re

string_one = "I Love Python Programming Language"

search_one = re.split(r"\s", string_one, 1)

print(search_one)

print("#" * 50)

string_two = "How-To_Write_A_Very-Good-Article"

search_two = re.split(r"-|_", string_two)

print(search_two)

print("#" * 50)

# Get Words From URL

for counter, word in enumerate(search_two, 1):

  if len(word) == 1:

    continue

  print(f"Word Number: {counter} => {word.lower()}")

print("#" * 50)

my_string = "I Love Python"

print(re.sub(r"\s", "-", my_string, 1))

102 - Regular Expressions Part 8 Group Trainings And Flags

• .group() => return matched string grouped as one word

• .groups() => return matched string in group -- if the group regx not exsist it returns none

• Flags -- ignorecase -- multiline -- notall -- notall -- verbose

103 - OOP – Part 1 Intro

• [1] Python Support Object Oriented Programming
• [2] OOP Is A Paradigm Or Coding Style OOP Paradigm => Means Structuring Program So The Methods[Functions] and Attributes[Data] Are Bundled Into Objects
• [3] Methods => Act As Function That Use The Information Of The Object
• [4] Python Is Multi-Paradigm Programming Language [Procedural, OOP, Functional] -- Procedural => Structure App Like Recipe, Sets Of Steps To Make The Task -- Functional => Built On the Concept of Mathematical Functions
• [5] OOP Allow You To Organize Your Code and Make It Readable and Reusable
• [6] Everything in Python is Object
• [7] If Man Is Object -- Attributes => Name, Age, Address, Phone Number, Info [Can Be Differnet] -- Methods[Behaviors] => Walking, Eating, Singing, Playing
• [8] If Car Is Object -- Attributes => Model, Colour, Price -- Methods[Behaviors] => Walking, Stopping
• [9] Class Is The Template For Creating Objects [Object Constructor | Blueprint] -- Class Car Can Create Many Cars Object

104 - OOP – Part 2 Class Syntax And Info

• [01] Class is The Blueprint Or Construtor Of The Object

• [02] Class Instantiate Means Create Instance of A Class

• [03] Instance => Object Created From Class And Have Their Methods and Attributes

• [04] Class Defined With Keyword class

• [05] Class Name Written With PascalCase [UpperCamelCase] Style

• [06] Class May Contains Methods and Attributes

• [07] When Creating Object Python Look For The Built In init Method

• [08] __init__ Method Called Every Time You Create Object From Class

• [09] __init__ Method Is Initialize The Data For The Object

• [10] Any Method With Two Underscore in The Start and End Called Dunder or Magic Method

• [11] self Refer To The Current Instance Created From The Class And Must Be First Param

• [12] self Can Be Named Anything

• [13] In Python You Dont Need To Call new() Keyword To Create Object

• any word with two underscoer __ called dander method or magic method

# Syntax
# class Name:
#     Constructor => Do Instantiation [ Create Instance From A Class ]
#     Each Instance Is Separate Object
#     def __init__(self, other_data)
#         Body Of Function

105 - OOP – Part 3 Instance Attributes and Methods Part 1

• Self: Point To Instance Created From Class
• Instance Attributes: Instance Attributes Defined Inside The Constructor
• Instance Methods: Take Self Parameter Which Point To Instance Created From Class
• Instance Methods Can Have More Than One Parameter Like Any Function
• Instance Methods Can Freely Access Attributes And Methods On The Same Object
• Instance Methods Can Access The Class Itself

class Member:
  def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name):
    self.fname = first_name
    self.mname = middle_name
    self.lname = last_name

member_one = Member("Osama", "Mohamed", "Elsayed")
member_two = Member("Ahmed", "Ali", "Mahmoud")
member_three = Member("Mona", "Ali", "Mahmoud")

# print(dir(member_one))

print(member_one.fname, member_one.mname, member_one.lname)
print(member_two.fname)
print(member_three.fname)

106 - OOP – Part 4 Instance Attributes and Methods Part 2

class Member:
  def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, gender):
    self.fname = first_name
    self.mname = middle_name
    self.lname = last_name
    self.gender = gender

  def full_name(self):
    return f"{self.fname} {self.mname} {self.lname}"

  def name_with_title(self):
    if self.gender == "Male":
      return f"Hello Mr {self.fname}"
    elif self.gender == "Female":
      return f"Hello Miss {self.fname}"
    else:
      return f"Hello {self.fname}"

  def get_all_info(self):
    return f"{self.name_with_title()}, Your Full Name Is: {self.full_name()}"


member_one = Member("Osama", "Mohamed", "Elsayed", "Male")
member_two = Member("Ahmed", "Ali", "Mahmoud", "Male")
member_three = Member("Mona", "Ali", "Mahmoud", "Female")

# print(dir(member_one))

# print(member_one.fname, member_one.mname, member_one.lname)
# print(member_two.fname)
# print(member_three.fname)

# print(member_two.full_name())
# print(member_two.name_with_title())

print(member_one.get_all_info())

107 - OOP – Part 5 Class Attributes

• Instance attributes exist in __main__ -- use self to refrenece it
• Class attributes exist in class itself -- use className to refrenece it

class Member:

  not_allowed_names = ["Hell", "Shit", "Baloot"]

  users_num = 0

  def __init__(self, first_name, middle_name, last_name, gender):

    self.fname = first_name

    self.mname = middle_name

    self.lname = last_name

    self.gender = gender

    Member.users_num += 1  # Member.users_num = Member.users_num + 1

  def full_name(self):

    if self.fname in Member.not_allowed_names:

      raise ValueError("Name Not Allowed")

    else:

      return f"{self.fname} {self.mname} {self.lname}"

  def name_with_title(self):

    if self.gender == "Male":

      return f"Hello Mr {self.fname}"

    elif self.gender == "Female":

      return f"Hello Miss {self.fname}"

    else:

      return f"Hello {self.fname}"

  def get_all_info(self):

    return f"{self.name_with_title()}, Your Full Name Is: {self.full_name()}"

  def delete_user(self):

    Member.users_num -= 1  # Member.users_num = Member.users_num -1

    return f"User {self.fname} Is Deleted."


print(Member.users_num)

member_one = Member("Osama", "Mohamed", "Elsayed", "Male")
member_two = Member("Ahmed", "Ali", "Mahmoud", "Male")
member_three = Member("Mona", "Ali", "Mahmoud", "Female")
member_four = Member("Shit", "Hell", "Metal", "DD")

print(Member.users_num)

print(member_four.delete_user())

print(Member.users_num)

print(dir(member_one))

print(member_one.fname, member_one.mname, member_one.lname)
print(member_two.fname)
print(member_three.fname)

print(member_two.full_name())
print(member_two.name_with_title())

print(member_three.get_all_info())

print(dir(Member))

108 - OOP – Part 6 Class Methods and Static Methods

• Class Methods: -- Marked With @classmethod Decorator To Flag It As Class Method -- It Take Cls Parameter Not Self To Point To The Class not The Instance -- It Doesn't Require Creation of a Class Instance -- Used When You Want To Do Something With The Class Itself

• Static Methods: -- Marked With @staticmethod Decorator To Flag It As Class Method -- It Takes No Parameters -- Its Bound To The Class Not Instance -- Used When Doing Something Doesnt Have Access To Object Or Class But Related To Class

print(member_one.full_name())
print(Member.full_name(member_one))

109 - OOP – Part 7 Class Magic Methods

-- Everything in Python is An Object

• __init__ Called Automatically When Instantiating Class
• self.__class__ The class to which a class instance belongs
• __str__ Gives a Human-Readable Output of the Object -- Called When We Use the print() Function on the Object
• __len__ Returns the Length of the Container -- Called When We Use the Built-in len() Function on the Object

class Skill:

  def __init__(self):

    self.skills = ["Html", "Css", "Js"]

  def __str__(self):

    return f"This is My Skills => {self.skills}"

  def __len__(self):

    return len(self.skills)

profile = Skill()
print(profile)
print(len(profile))

profile.skills.append("PHP")
profile.skills.append("MySQL")

print(len(profile))

print(profile.__class__)
my_string = "Osama"
print(type(my_string))
print(my_string.__class__)
print(dir(str))
print(str.upper(my_string))

110 - OOP – Part 8 Inheritance

class Food:  # Base Class

  def __init__(self, name, price):

    self.name = name

    self.price = price

    print(f"{self.name} Is Created From Base Class")

  def eat(self):

    print("Eat Method From Base Class")

class Apple(Food):  # Derived Class

  def __init__(self, name, price, amount):

    # Food.__init__(self, name)  # Create Instance From Base Class

    super().__init__(name, price)

    self.amount = amount

    print(f"{self.name} Is Created From Derived Class And Price Is {self.price} And Amount Is {self.amount}")

  def get_from_tree(self):

      print("Get From Tree From Derived Class")

# food_one = Food("Pizza")
food_two = Apple("Pizza", 150, 500)
food_two.eat()
food_two.get_from_tree()

111 - OOP – Part 9 Multiple Inheritance & Methods Override

• MRO => Method Resultion Order => order of class and its parents -- .mro

class BaseOne:

  def __init__(self):

    print("Base One")

  def func_one(self):

    print("One")

class BaseTwo:

  def __init__(self):

    print("Base Two")

  def func_two(self):

    print("Two")

class Derived(BaseOne, BaseTwo):

  pass

my_var = Derived()

# print(Derived.mro())

print(my_var.func_one)
print(my_var.func_two)

my_var.func_one()
my_var.func_two()

class Base:

  pass

class DerivedOne(Base):

  pass

class DerivedTwo(DerivedOne):

  pass

112 - OOP Part 10 - Polymorphism

• Double face method

• U can make method required to be implemented in child or derived calsses by writing raise NotImplementedError("Text to show)

n1 = 10
n2 = 20

print(n1 + n2)

s1 = "Hello"
s2 = "Python"

print(s1 + " " + s2)

print(len([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]))
print(len("Osama Elzero"))
print(len({"Key_One": 1, "Key_Two": 2}))

class A:

  def do_something(self):

    print("From Class A")

    raise NotImplementedError("Derived Class Must Implement This Method")

class B(A):

  def do_something(self):

    print("From Class B")

class C(A):

  def do_something(self):

    print("From Class C")

my_instance = B()
my_instance.do_something()

113 - OOP – Part 11 Encapsulation

• Encapsulation -- Restrict Access To The Data Stored in Attirbutes and Methods

• Public -- Every Attribute and Method That We Used So Far Is Public -- Attributes and Methods Can Be Modified and Run From Everywhere -- Inside Our Outside The Class

• Protected -- Attributes and Methods Can Be Accessed From Within The Class And Sub Classes -- Attributes and Methods Prefixed With One Underscore _ -- Python dosen't support that but the _ to tell U and developer that this thing mustn't accessed -- print(one._name)

• Private -- Attributes and Methods Can Be Accessed From Within The Class Or Object Only -- Attributes Cannot Be Modified From Outside The Class -- Attributes and Methods Prefixed With Two Underscores __ -- Python dosen't support that but the _ to tell U and developers that this thing mustn't accessed -- print(var._ClassOfVar_privateVar)

• Attributes = Variables = Properties

class Member:

  def __init__(self, name):

    self.name = name  # Public

one = Member("Ahmed")
print(one.name)
one.name = "Sayed"
print(one.name)

class Member:

  def __init__(self, name):

    self._name = name  # Protected

one = Member("Ahmed")
print(one._name)
one._name = "Sayed"
print(one._name)

class Member:

  def __init__(self, name):

    self.__name = name  # Private

  def say_hello(self):

    return f"Hello {self.__name}"

one = Member("Ahmed")
# print(one.__name)
print(one.say_hello())
print(one._Member__name)

114 - OOP Part 12 Getters And Setters

class Member:

  def __init__(self, name):

    self.__name = name  # Private

  def say_hello(self):

    return f"Hello {self.__name}"

  def get_name(self):  # Getter

    return self.__name

  def set_name(self, new_name):

    self.__name = new_name

one = Member("Ahmed")

one._Member__name = "Sayed"
print(one._Member__name)

print(one.get_name())
one.set_name('Abbas')
print(one.get_name())

115 - OOP – Part 13 @Property Decorator

• Any Method dosn't required any param and return values u can use @Property Decorator to use it like properties

class Member:

  def __init__(self, name, age):

    self.name = name

    self.age = age

  def say_hello(self):

    return f"Hello {self.name}"

  @property
  def age_in_days(self):

    return self.age * 365

one = Member("Ahmed", 40)

print(one.name)
print(one.age)
print(one.say_hello())
# print(one.age_in_days())

print(one.age_in_days)

116 - OOP – Part 14 ABC Abstract Base Class

• Class Called Abstract Class If it Has One or More Abstract Methods
• abc module in Python Provides Infrastructure for Defining Custom Abstract Base Classes.
• By Adding @absttractmethod Decorator on The Methods
• ABCMeta Class Is a Metaclass Used For Defining Abstract Base Class

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod

class Programming(metaclass=ABCMeta):

  @abstractmethod
  def has_oop(self):

    pass

  @abstractmethod
  def has_name(self):

    pass

class Python(Programming):

  def has_oop(self):

    return "Yes"

class Pascal(Programming):

  def has_oop(self):

    return "No"

  def has_name(self):

    return "Pascal"

one = Pascal()

print(one.has_oop())
print(one.has_name())

117 - Databases – Intro About Databases

• Database Is A Place Where We Can Store Data
• Database Organized Into Tables (Users, Categories)
• Tables Has Columns (ID, Username, Password)
• There's Many Types Of Databases (MongoDB, MySQL, SQLite)
• SQL Stand For Structured Query Language
• SQLite => Can Run in Memory or in A Single File
• You Can Browse File With https://sqlitebrowser.org/
• Data Inside Database Has Types (Text, Integer, Date)

118 - Databases – SQLite Create Database And Connect

• Connect
• Execute
• Close

# Import SQLite Module
import sqlite3

# Create Database And Connect
db = sqlite3.connect("app.db")

# Create The Tables and Fields
db.execute(
    "create table if not exists skills (name text, progress integer, user_id integer)")

# Close Database
db.close()

119 - Databases – SQLite Insert Data Into Database

• cursor => All Operation in SQL Done By Cursor Not The Connection Itself
• commit => Save All Changes

120 - Databases - SQLite Retrieve Data From

• fetchone => returns a single record or None if no more rows are available.
• fetchall => fetches all the rows of a query result. It returns all the rows as a list of tuples. An empty list is returned if there is no record to fetch.
• fetchmany(size) =>

122 - Databases - SQLite Update And Delete From Database

• Update Data -- if where condition not exist it will update every record

# cr.execute("update users set name = 'Ameer' where user_id = 3")

• Delete Data -- if where condition not exist it will delete all records

cr.execute("delete from users where user_id = 4")

127 - Databases - SQLite Very Important Information

• SQL injection

cr.execute("insert into skills values('pascal', '65' , 1)")

• To avoid sql injection

my_tuple = ('pascal', '65' , 1)
cr.execute("insert into skills values(?,?,?)",my_tuple)

128 - Advanced Lessons - __name__ And "__main__"

• if __name__ == "__main__":

• __name__ => Built In Variable

• "__main__" => Value Of The __name__ Variable Executions Methods

• Directly => Execute the Python File Using the Command Line.

• From Import => Import The Code From File To Another File

• In Some Cases You Want To Know If You Are Using A Module Method As Import

• Or You Use The Original Python File

• In Direct Mode Python Assign A Value __main__

• To The Built In Variable __name__ in The Background

129 - Advanced Lessons - Timing Your Code With Timeit

• timeit: - Get Execution Time Of Code By Running 1M Time And Give You Minimal Time -- It Used For Performance By Testing All Functionality

• timeit(stmt, setup, timer, number)

• timeit(pass, pass, default, 1.000.000) Default Values

• stmt: Code You Want To Measure The Execution Time

• setup: Setup Done Before The Code Execution (Import Module Or Anything)

• timer: The Timer Value

• number: How Many Execution That Will Run

import timeit

print(dir(timeit))

print(timeit.timeit("'Elzero' * 1000"))

name = "Elzero"

print(name * 1000)

print(timeit.timeit("name = 'Elzero'; name * 1000"))

# print(random.randint(0, 50))

print(timeit.timeit(stmt="random.randint(0, 50)", setup="import random"))

print(timeit.repeat(stmt="random.randint(0, 50)", setup="import random", repeat=4))

130 - Advanced Lessons - Add Logging To Your Code

• Print Out To Console Or File

• Print Logs Of What Happens

• DEBUG()

• INFO()

• WARNING()

• ERROR()

• CRITICAL()

• name => Logging Module Give It To The Default Logger.

• Basic Config -- level => Level of Severity -- filename => File Name and Extension -- mode => Mode Of The File a => Append -- format => Format For The Log Message

• getLogger => Return a Logger With the Specified Name

import logging

# print(dir(logging))

logging.basicConfig(filename="my_app.log",
                    filemode="a",
                    format="(%(asctime)s) | %(name)s | %(levelname)s => '%(message)s'",
                    datefmt="%d - %B - %Y, %H:%M:%S")

my_logger = logging.getLogger("Elzero")

my_logger.warning("This Is Warning Message")

131 - Advanced Lessons – Unit Testing With Unittest

• Test Runner -- The Module That Run The Unit Testing (unittest, pytest)

• Test Case -- Smallest Unit Of Testing -- It Use Asserts Methods To Check For Actions And Responses -Test Suite -- Collection Of Multiple Tests Or Test Cases -Test Report -- A Full Report Contains The Failure Or Succeed

• unittest -- Add Tests Into Classes As Methods -- Use a Series of Special Assertion Methods -- Link

import unittest

assert 3 * 8 == 24, "Should Be 24"

def test_case_one():

  assert 5 * 10 == 50, "Should Be 50"

def test_case_two():

  assert 5 * 50 == 250, "Should Be 250"

if __name__ == "__main__":

  test_case_one()
  test_case_two()

  print("All Tests Passed")

class MyTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

  def test_one(self):

    self.assertTrue(100 > 99, "Should Be True")

  def test_two(self):

    self.assertEqual(40 + 60, 100, "Should Be 100")

  def test_three(self):

    self.assertGreater(100, 101, "Should Be True")

if __name__ == "__main__":

  unittest.main()

132 - Advanced Lessons - Generate Random Serial Numbers

133 - Flask – Intro And Your First Page

134 - Flask – Create HTML Files

135 - Flask – Create And Extends HTML Templates

136 - Flask - Jinja Template

137 - Flask – Advanced CSS Task Using Jinja

138 - Flask – Skills Page Using List Data

139 - Flask - Customizing App With Css

140 - Flask - Adding The JS Files

141 - Web Scraping – Control Browser With Selenium

• Control Browser With Selenium For Automated Testing

• Download File From The Internet

• Subtitle Download And Add On Your Movies [ Many Modules ]

• Get Quotes From Websites

• Get Gold and Currencies Rate

• Get News From Websites

• pip install selenuim

• pip install webdriver-manager

from selenium import webdriver
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager

browser = webdriver.Chrome(ChromeDriverManager().install())

browser.get("https://elzero.org")

browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".search-field").send_keys("Front-End Developer")

browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".search-submit").click()

browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".all-search-posts .search-post:first-of-type h3 a").click()

browser.implicitly_wait(5)

views_count = browser.find_element_by_css_selector(".z-article-info .z-info:last-of-type span:last-child")

browser.implicitly_wait(5)

print(views_count.get_attribute('innerHTML'))

browser.quit()

142 - NumPy – Intro

• NumPy Is A Python Third-Party Module To Deal With Arrays & Matrices

• NumPy Stand For Numerical Python

• NumPy Is Open Source

• NumPy Support Dealing With Large Multidimensional Arrays & Matrices

• NumPy Has Many Mathematical Functions To Deal With This Elements

• Why We Use NumPy Array

• Consume Less Memory

• Very Fast Compared To Python List

• Easy To Use

• Support Element Wise Operation

• Elements Are Stored Contiguous

• Python Lists -- Homogeneous => Can Contains The Same Type of Objects -- Heterogeneous => Can Contains Different Types of Objects.

• The Items in The Array Have to Be Of The Same Type

• You Can Be Sure Whats The Storage Size Needed for The Array

• NumPy Arrays Are Indexed From 0

• NumPy On Github => https://github.com/numpy/numpy

import numpy as np
print(np.__version__)

143 - NumPy – Create Arrays

import numpy as np

# print(dir(np))

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_array = np.array(my_list)

print(my_list)
print(my_array)

print("#" * 50)

• Type

print(type(my_list))
print(type(my_array))

print("#" * 50)

• Accessing Elements

print(my_list[0])
print(my_array[0])

print("#" * 50)

a = np.array(10)
b = np.array([10, 20])
c = np.array( [ [1, 2], [3, 4] ] )
d = np.array( [ [ [5, 6], [7, 9] ], [ [1, 3], [4, 8] ] ] )

print(d[1][1][-1])
print(d[1, 1, 1])
print(d[1, 1, -1])

print("#" * 50)

• Number Of Dimensions

print(a.ndim)
print(b.ndim)
print(c.ndim)
print(d.ndim)

print("#" * 50)

• Custom Dimensions

my_custom_array = np.array([1, 2, 3], ndmin=3)
print(my_custom_array)
print(my_custom_array.ndim)

print(my_custom_array[0, 0, 0])

144 - NumPy – Compare Data Location And Type

import numpy as np

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
my_array = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(my_list[0])
print(my_list[1])

print(my_array[0])
print(my_array[1])

print("#" * 50)

print(id(my_list[0]))
print(id(my_list[1]))

print(id(my_array[0]))
print(id(my_array[1]))

print("#" * 50)

my_list_of_data = [1, 2, "A", "B", True, 10.50]
my_array_of_data = np.array([1, 2, "A", "B", True, 10.50])

print(my_list_of_data)
print(my_array_of_data)

print("#" * 50)

print(my_list_of_data[0])
print(my_array_of_data[0])

print(type(my_list_of_data[0]))
print(type(my_array_of_data[0]))

print("#" * 50)

my_list_of_data_two = [1, 2, "A", "B", True, 10.50]
my_array_of_data_two = np.array([1, 2, "A"])

print(my_list_of_data_two)
print(my_array_of_data_two)

print("#" * 50)

print(my_list_of_data_two[0])
print(my_array_of_data_two[0])

print(type(my_list_of_data_two[0]))
print(type(my_array_of_data_two[0]))

145 - NumPy – Compare Performance And Memory Use

• One line loop -- Noraml

for n1, n2 in zip(my_list1, my_list2):
    print(n1 + n2)
    ```

-- Shorten

[(n1 + n2) for n1, n2 in zip(my_list1, my_list2)]

• COde

import numpy as np
import time
import sys

elements = 150000

my_list1 = range(elements)
my_list2 = range(elements)

my_array1 = np.arange(elements)
my_array2 = np.arange(elements)

list_start = time.time()
list_result = [(n1 + n2) for n1, n2 in zip(my_list1, my_list2)]
print(f"List Time: {time.time() - list_start}")

array_start = time.time()
array_result = my_array1 + my_array2
print(f"Array Time: {time.time() - array_start}")

# for n1, n2 in zip(my_list1, my_list2):

# 	print(n1 + n2)

print(list_result)
print(array_result)

my_array = np.arange(100)

print(my_array)
print(my_array.itemsize)
print(my_array.size)
print(f"All Bytes: {my_array.itemsize * my_array.size}")

print("#" * 50)

my_list = range(100)
print(sys.getsizeof(1))
print(len(my_list))
print(f"All Bytes: {sys.getsizeof(1) * len(my_list)}")

146 - NumPy – Array Slicing

• Slicing => [Start:End:Steps] Not Including End

import numpy as np

# Slicing => [Start:End:Steps] Not Including End

a = np.array(["A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F"])

print(a.ndim)
print(a[1])
print(a[1:4])
print(a[:4])
print(a[2:])

print("#" * 50)

b = np.array([["A", "B", "X"], ["C", "D", "Y"], ["E", "F", "Z"], ["M", "N", "O"]])

print(b.ndim)
print(b[1])

print("#" * 50)

print(b[2:, :2])
print(b[2:, :2:2])

147 - NumPy – Data Types And Control Array

• Data types

• Specifying and constructing data types

• ? boolean

• b (signed) byte

• B unsigned byte

• i (signed) integer

• u unsigned integer

• f floating-point

• c complex-floating point

• m timedelta

• M datetime

• O (Python) objects

• S, 'a' zero-terminated bytes (not recommended)

• U Unicode string

• V raw data (void)

import numpy as np

• Show Array Data Type

my_array1 = np.array([1, 2, 3])
my_array2 = np.array([1.5, 20.15, 3.601])
my_array3 = np.array(["Osama_Elzero", "B", "Ahmed"])

print(my_array1.dtype)
print(my_array2.dtype)
print(my_array3.dtype)

print("#" * 50)

• Create Array With Specific Data Type

my_array4 = np.array([1, 2, 3], dtype=float) # float Or 'float' Or 'f'
my_array5 = np.array([1.5, 20.15, 3.601], dtype=int) # int Or 'int' Or 'i'
# my_array6 = np.array(["Osama_Elzero", "B", "Ahmed"], dtype=int) # Value Error

print(my_array4.dtype)
print(my_array5.dtype)
# print(my_array6.dtype)

print("#" * 50)

• Change Data Type Of Existing Array

my_array7 = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 4])
print(my_array7.dtype)
print(my_array7)

print("#" * 50)

my_array7 = my_array7.astype('float')
print(my_array7.dtype)
print(my_array7)

print("#" * 50)

my_array7 = my_array7.astype('bool')
print(my_array7.dtype)
print(my_array7)

print("#" * 50)

• Test Capacity

my_array8 = np.array([100, 200, 300, 400], dtype='f')
print(my_array8.dtype)
print(my_array8[0].itemsize) # 4 Bytes

my_array8 = my_array8.astype('float') # Change To Float64
print(my_array8.dtype)
print(my_array8[0].itemsize) # 8 Bytes

148 - NumPy – Arithmetic And Useful Operations

• min
• max
• sum
• ravel => Returns Flattened Array 1 Dimension With Same Type

import numpy as np

• Arithmetic Operations

my_array1 = np.array([10, 20, 30])
my_array2 = np.array([5, 2, 4])

print(my_array1 + my_array2) # result [15, 22, 34]
print(my_array1 - my_array2) # result [5, 18, 26]
print(my_array1 * my_array2) # result [50, 40, 120]
print(my_array1 / my_array2) # result [2, 10, 7.5]

print('#' * 50)

my_array3 = np.array([[1, 4], [5, 9]])
my_array4 = np.array([[2, 7], [10, 5]])

print(my_array3 + my_array4) # result [ [3, 11], [15, 14] ]
print(my_array3 - my_array4) # result [ [-1, -3], [-5, 4] ]
print(my_array3 * my_array4) # result [ [2, 28], [50, 45] ]
print(my_array3 / my_array4) # result [ [0.5, 0.57142857], [0.5, 1.8] ]

print('#' * 50)

• Min, Max, Sum

my_array5 = np.array([10, 20, 30])
print(my_array5.min())
print(my_array5.max())
print(my_array5.sum())

print('#' * 50)

my_array6 = np.array([[6, 4], [3, 9]])
print(my_array6.min())
print(my_array6.max())
print(my_array6.sum())

print('#' * 50)

• Ravel

my_array7 = np.array([[6, 4], [3, 9]])
print(my_array7.ravel())

my_array8 = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])
print(my_array8.ndim)
print(my_array8.ravel())
x = my_array8.ravel()
print(x.ndim)

149 - Numpy - Array Shape And ReShape

• Shape Returns A Tuple Contains The Number Of Elements in Each Dimension

import numpy as np

my_array1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
print(my_array1.ndim)
print(my_array1.shape)

print("#" * 50)

my_array2 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4], [1, 2, 3, 4]])
print(my_array2.ndim)
print(my_array2.shape)

print("#" * 50)

my_array3 = np.array([[[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]], [[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]])
print(my_array3.ndim)
print(my_array3.shape)

print("#" * 50)

my_array4 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12])
print(my_array4.ndim)
print(my_array4.shape)

reshaped_array4 = my_array4.reshape(3, 4)
print(reshaped_array4.ndim)
print(reshaped_array4.shape)
print(reshaped_array4)

print("#" * 50)

my_array5 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]])
print(my_array5.ndim)
print(my_array5.shape)

print("#" * 50)

# reshaped_array5 = my_array5.reshape(-1)
# reshaped_array5 = my_array5.reshape(4, 5)
reshaped_array5 = my_array5.reshape(2, 5, 2)
print(reshaped_array5.ndim)
print(reshaped_array5.shape)
print(reshaped_array5)

150 - Virtual Environment Part 1

• Virtual Environment exsist to handle packages

• Create env folder

• open folder in terminal

• Run=> python -m venv envNamw -- python -m venv ai

• U can have multi environment -- python -m venv ai -- python -m venv fire

151 - Virtual Environment Part 2

• To activate certin environment => source envName/Scripts/activate -- source ai/Scripts/activate

• deactivate => To close environment

• which python => To show where python run from

• To run file from env envName/Scripts/python.exe {path of file u want to run} -- ai/Scripts/python.exe d:/python/151/main.py

• pip freeze => To output all packages and its version from current environment -- to make a file from this command u can use unix commands lik command > fileName -- pip freeze > requirements.txt

• pip install -r FILE => To install packages from file -- pip install -r requirements.txt

• Virtual Environment Wrapper?

152 - The End And Resources

• Resources -- awesome-python