Re-implement open source solvers #363

The advantage of an initialize() method is to pre-cache an expensive operation. For QPSolver: QPSolvers are always instantiated, then solved immediately. There's no caching going on here. For MIQPSolver: In BIC threshold loops, MIQP solver.solve is run a few times. The initialize method can either a. be made private here, since it saves us N loop iterations * 2 inner products b. be thrown away, since these inner products are pretty cheap as there aren't many conformers for MIQP I've decided on (a), as I don't know the performance improvement of pre-caching here, and maybe later on MIQP will be done in situations with lots of conformers?

…lable solvers to user. **Single responsibility** - The solvers.py module shouldn't be responsible / shouldn't contain the logic for deciding _which_ solver to use. This should be left up to the invocation script (e.g. qfit_protein.py). - We should however, guarantee that all Solvers will conform to a particular interface. solvers.py is thus an _adapter_ module between a variety of solver packages and the common interface we define here. **importlib hooks, lazy module loading** (utils/optional_lazy_import.py) - We will provide some helper functions to allow the invocation scripts to know what solvers are available (and present them as options to the user). - Each solver must try to import its own 'driver' module (e.g. cplex, cvxopt). This is _modular_. - We also want to have a lazy import: modules are not executed when they are imported, only on first property call. Without a LazyLoader, since all solver 'driver' modules are imported during creating the argparse options, they would be eagerly executed, taking a lot of time for the user. With a LazyLoader, while the driver modules have been "imported", we delay their code execution until when they are first used.

This rolls back commit a2bba46, and updates it for the current architecture.

If the user installs with `pip install qfit[cplex]`, they get the cvxopt and cplex solver modules. `pip install qfit[osqp]` installs the osqp + miosqp solver modules.

All SciPy subpackages need to be imported separately (https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/tutorial/index.html)

This is required to get pytest to test these modules

This test actually runs a QFitLigand job, so needs to know which solver to use. WARNING: test_qfit_protein.py does not actually run a QFitProtein job, so it doesn't need this same mod. It should be re-written.

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Re-implement open source solvers #363

Re-implement open source solvers #363

Commits on Oct 2, 2023