Add a feature to enable thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels #586

qluo0320github · 2023-11-27T21:25:56Z

Description

This PR adds the feature that enables thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels.

Cofiring relatively cleaner energy is one of the carbon mitigation options, such cofiring H2 in natural gas turbines. This feature enables thermal generators ("THERM" in GenX) to burn multiple fuels at the same time and also allows the user to specify the cofiring level during both startup and generation processes to meet potential regulations. (e.g., H2 blending requirements in combustion turbines proposed by EPA). This feature also allows users to specify heat rates for different fuels in case there is any efficiency penalty due to cofiring.

Variables in Generators_data.csv required to use this feature: "MULTI_FUELS", "Num_Fuels", "Fuel1", "Heat_Rate1_MMBTU_per_MWh", "Fuel1_Min_Cofire_Level", "Fuel1_Min_Cofire_Level_Start", , "Fuel1_Max_Cofire_Level", "Fuel1_Max_Cofire_Level_Start", "Fuel2", "Heat_Rate2_MMBTU_per_MWh", "Fuel2_Min_Cofire_Level", "Fuel2_Min_Cofire_Level_Start", , "Fuel2_Max_Cofire_Level", "Fuel2_Max_Cofire_Level_Start" (assuming "MULTI_FUELS" = 1 and "Num_Fuels" = 2).

What type of PR is this? (check all applicable)

Feature

Checklist

Code changes are sufficiently documented; i.e. new functions contain docstrings and .md files under /docs/src have been updated if necessary.
The latest changes on the target branch have been incorporated, so that any conflicts are taken care of before merging. This can be accomplished either by merging in the target branch (e.g. git merge develop) or by rebasing on top of the target branch (e.g. git rebase develop). Please do not hesitate to reach out to the GenX development team if you need help with this.
Code has been tested to ensure all functionality works as intended.
CHANGELOG.md has been updated (if this is a 'notable' change).
I consent to the release of this PR's code under the GNU General Public license.

How this can be tested

An example case is add to /Example_Systems/SmallNewEngland/ThreeZones_Multi_Fuel.
For any other cases without multi fuels, this feature should not change the results.

Post-approval checklist for GenX core developers

After the PR is approved

Check that the latest changes on the target branch are incorporated, either via merge or rebase
Remember to squash and merge if incorporating into develop

1. In load_fuels_data.jl, there is no need to scale fuel_co2 as it will cause scaling issues when the parameter scale is on. 2. In load_generator_data.jl, remove the start up fuel costs as all the costs associated with fuel consumption will be accounted in fuel.jl. 3. In discharge.jl, remove the fuel costs as they will be separately accounted in fuel.jl 4. In Generate_model.jl, remove emissions!(EP, inputs) as emissions.jl will be replaced by CO2.jl. include fuel.jl. 5. Fuel.jl is a module that tracks the consumption (MMBTU or billion BTU scaled) and costs ($ or million $) of fuels used in generators (startup fuels included as well). It also includes a piecewise fuel consumption option if you want to represent the fuel consumption during different load factor. 6. CO2.jl is an updated version of emissios.jl, and we don’t need emissions.jl when we have co2.jl. Also added BECCS options in CO2.jl, line 29 and line 39. Basically, when BECCS plants are included, “Generator_data.csv” should have a column named “BECCS”, and the values under “BECCS” column should be 1 for BECCS facilities and 0 for non-BECCS facilities. The amount of CO2 captured and stored for BECCS generators are accounted in the same way as other thermal generators, but its corresponding emissions should be negative. 7. Modified write_costs such that fuel costs are appropriately included. 8. Include write_co2.jl and write_fuel_consumption.jl, which give co2 emissions and fuel consumption for each generator. Co-Authored-By: Qingyu Xu <xuqingyu0610@gmail.com>

accidently deleted eEmissionsByZone... added them in this version. Co-Authored-By: Qingyu Xu <xuqingyu0610@gmail.com>

1. Reduce the number of variables by removing P1 and P2 2. Add a placeholder for possible different heat rates when cofiring 3. Change column name "Fuel1" back to "Fuel"

…a loading script to use defaults if second fuel is not in input file

Add constraints related to EPA new rules: capacity factor, emission rate, ...

Add varialbes "THERM_DUAL" and "THERM_SING" Apply maximum co-fire level constraints to THERM_DUAL \

allow users to specify "Fuel1", "Fuel2", ..., "FuelN" enable resources to use multi fuels for both startup and operations remove codes related to "fuel2" create a new example case "ThreeZones_Multi_Fuel"

include multiple fuels in write_fuel_consumption separate consumption and costs of fuels during startup and normal operations when writing outputs

add descriptions and math for multi fuels

make heat rates 0 for non-thermal resources add conditional evaluation to fuel.jl and write_fueL_consumption so that the model can run when multi_fuel does not exist.

Separate startup and generation fuels when writing outputs Add blending level constraints during startup processes and corresponding new columns in Generators_data.jl Fix bugs for blending constraints

1. add fuel cost for multi-fuel resources (ePlantCFuelOut_multi, ePlantCFuelOut_multi_start); 2. make eCFuel_out only consider fuel costs during generation; 3. change *_startup to _start to be consistent with other files; 4. delete the column for start fuel costs when writing costs and combine it with generation fuel cost 5. add error message when both "PieceWiseHeatRate" and "MULTI_FUELS" exist; 6. fix some typos when calculating fuel costs.

1. enable RETROFIT by commenting out the error message in load_generators_data.jl 2. add the variable "MULTI_FUELS" to indicate whether a resource uses multi fuels when writing fuel consumption 3. bug fix

1. Fix eFuelConsumption and fuel costs for MULTI_FUELS resources; 2. Fix bugs in writing out retrofitted capacity; 3. Disable writing some CO2 emission outputs when only unit-level CO2 emission constraints are used

1. Remove constraints on capacity factors 2. Remove constraints on unit-level emission rates 3. Change a column name in Fuel_cost_plant.csv (from "AnnualSum" to "AnnualSumCosts) 4. Remove EPA example system

Add an optional formulation for scheduled maintenance. Plants with this formulation active (so far, limited to thermal-commit plants, THERM=1) need to undergo a certain number of contiguous hours of maintenance every y >= 1 years. During this time they produce no power. This may be particularly useful in modeling fission plants, which need roughly 4 weeks of maintenance every 18 or 24 months. (Here, 18 would need to be rounded up to 24, as only maintenance cycles which are an integer number of years work with this formulation.)

Change the New_Build column to accept only {0, 1}; add a new required column Can_Retire which handles that feature separately (also {0, 1}). The change is backward-compatible, with a warning to update. --------- Co-authored-by: Gabe Mantegna <gabe.mantegna@princeton.edu>

Fixed computation of cumulative minimum retirements in multistage code. Previously, minimum capacity retirement parameters were not added up and this resulted in the minimum retirement constraints enforcing wrong lower bounds (#542)

undo changes to files which are comment-only or whitespace-only

….csv

lbonaldo

Thank you, @qluo0320github; this is an excellent contribution! I added a few comments with suggestions for minor changes, but overall, this PR is already in great shape.

lbonaldo · 2023-12-01T21:31:23Z

src/load_inputs/load_generators_data.jl

 	inputs_gen["RETRO"] = gen_in[gen_in.RETRO.==1,:R_ID]
    # Disable Retrofit while it's under development
    if !(isempty(inputs_gen["RETRO"]))
        error("The Retrofits feature, which is activated by nonzero data in a 'RETRO' column in Generators_data.csv, is under development and is not ready for public use. Disable this message to enable this *experimental* feature.")
    end

+	# Set of multi-fuel resources
+	if "MULTI_FUELS" ∉ names(gen_in)
+		gen_in[!, "MULTI_FUELS"] = zero(gen_in[!, "R_ID"])


You could use zeros(G) to create a vector of zero elements of length G (it should be faster because it doesn't read the data frame)

Suggested change

gen_in[!, "MULTI_FUELS"] = zero(gen_in[!, "R_ID"])

gen_in[!, "MULTI_FUELS"] = zeros(G)

lbonaldo · 2023-12-01T21:38:44Z

src/load_inputs/load_generators_data.jl

@@ -219,7 +223,7 @@ function load_generators_data!(setup::Dict, path::AbstractString, inputs_gen::Di
 	end

 	load_vre_stor_data!(inputs_gen, setup, path)
-
+	load_multi_fuels_data!(inputs_gen, setup, path)


I'd suggest defining here the two entries inputs_gen["SINGLE_FUEL"] and inputs_gen["MULTI_FUELS"] instead of inside the load_multi_fuels_data!, and adding the function call inside a if !isempty(inputs_gen["MULTI_FUELS"]) end block. Something like:

# Single-fuel resources inputs_gen["SINGLE_FUEL"] = gen_in[gen_in.MULTI_FUELS.!=1,:R_ID] # Multi-fuel resources inputs_gen["MULTI_FUELS"] = gen_in[gen_in.MULTI_FUELS.==1,:R_ID] if !isempty(inputs_gen["MULTI_FUELS"]) # If there are any resources using multi fuels, read relevant data load_multi_fuels_data!(inputs_gen, setup, path) end

lbonaldo · 2023-12-01T21:40:11Z

src/load_inputs/load_generators_data.jl

+		inputs_gen["NUM_FUELS"] = gen_in[!,:Num_Fuels]   # Number of fuels that this resource can use
+		max_fuels = maximum(inputs_gen["NUM_FUELS"])
+		fuel_cols = [ Symbol(string("Fuel",i)) for i in 1:max_fuels ]
+		heat_rate_cols = [ Symbol(string("Heat_Rate",i, "_MMBTU_per_MWh")) for i in 1:max_fuels ]


for f in 1:max_fuels might be more readable than for i in 1:max_fuels

lbonaldo · 2023-12-01T22:02:00Z

src/model/core/fuel.jl

+            else
+                error("Multi-fuel option is not available when piece-wise heat rates are used. Please remove multi fuels to avoid this error.")


Yes, I'd also suggest moving this check in load_generators_data (for example, inside process_piecewisefuelusage! or load_multi_fuels_data!)

lbonaldo · 2023-12-01T22:21:20Z

src/write_outputs/write_net_revenue.jl

@@ -169,7 +178,7 @@ function write_net_revenue(path::AbstractString, inputs::Dict, setup::Dict, EP::
 	end

 	dfNetRevenue.Revenue = dfNetRevenue.EnergyRevenue .+ dfNetRevenue.SubsidyRevenue .+ dfNetRevenue.ReserveMarginRevenue .+ dfNetRevenue.ESRRevenue .+ dfNetRevenue.RegSubsidyRevenue
-	dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost
+	dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost +dfNetRevenue.CO2SequestrationCost


Formally, it's identical, but for consistency, you could do the following:

Suggested change

dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost +dfNetRevenue.CO2SequestrationCost

dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost .+ dfNetRevenue.CO2SequestrationCost

…es when reading generators_data.csv; 2. change i into f in load_generators_data.jl in "for i in 1:max_fuels"

…in function load_multi_fuels_data

…y when UCommit > 1

…y when THERM_COMMIT_PWFU exists but is not empty

sambuddhac · 2024-01-18T15:32:10Z

Needs to check the write time performance once again by allocating more memory. @qluo0320github @filippopecci

qluo0320github · 2024-01-18T19:12:07Z

I ran multiple times with different memory and it did not change writing time significantly. @sambuddhac

fc4uk and others added 30 commits May 16, 2023 18:11

Update co2.jl

f44eeb8

accidently deleted eEmissionsByZone... added them in this version. Co-Authored-By: Qingyu Xu <xuqingyu0610@gmail.com>

Add a second fuel

3c9a23a

Edit dual fuel

4983584

Remove variables P1 and P2

fbc6395

1. Reduce the number of variables by removing P1 and P2 2. Add a placeholder for possible different heat rates when cofiring 3. Change column name "Fuel1" back to "Fuel"

Cleaned up unused input data and added some comments

e0e34d2

no change made to example systems

4c3b11c

Added option for two different heat rates, and modified generator dat…

ae47121

…a loading script to use defaults if second fuel is not in input file

Add EPA new rules constraints

84b0f5f

Add constraints related to EPA new rules: capacity factor, emission rate, ...

epa separation commit

7e32e58

Add max cofire level for resources without retro

9fa2a31

Add varialbes "THERM_DUAL" and "THERM_SING" Apply maximum co-fire level constraints to THERM_DUAL \

Add max co-fire variable to input file

8fb2e2b

Enable resources in GenX to use multi fuel

70333d6

allow users to specify "Fuel1", "Fuel2", ..., "FuelN" enable resources to use multi fuels for both startup and operations remove codes related to "fuel2" create a new example case "ThreeZones_Multi_Fuel"

changes when writing outputs

f06db58

include multiple fuels in write_fuel_consumption separate consumption and costs of fuels during startup and normal operations when writing outputs

Add documentation about multi fuel in fuel.jl

d3e14cc

add descriptions and math for multi fuels

Update Generators_data.csv

56ddfec

make heat rates 0 for non-thermal resources add conditional evaluation to fuel.jl and write_fueL_consumption so that the model can run when multi_fuel does not exist.

Remove outdated HiGHS setting simplex_dualise_strategy

896e942

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into multi_fuels

23a33aa

Add blending level constraints during startup processes

e2e0df3

Separate startup and generation fuels when writing outputs Add blending level constraints during startup processes and corresponding new columns in Generators_data.jl Fix bugs for blending constraints

Merge branch 'multi_fuels' into epa_ghg

0de8a13

apply CF constraints to certain resources

7e5b829

1. enable RETROFIT by commenting out the error message in load_generators_data.jl 2. add the variable "MULTI_FUELS" to indicate whether a resource uses multi fuels when writing fuel consumption 3. bug fix

fix bugs related to multi fuels and unit-level emission constraints

9aecca8

1. Fix eFuelConsumption and fuel costs for MULTI_FUELS resources; 2. Fix bugs in writing out retrofitted capacity; 3. Disable writing some CO2 emission outputs when only unit-level CO2 emission constraints are used

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into epa_ghg

f998ec4

fix bugs after merge

b0d2ec2

Only keep constraints about multi-fuels

1660932

1. Remove constraints on capacity factors 2. Remove constraints on unit-level emission rates 3. Change a column name in Fuel_cost_plant.csv (from "AnnualSum" to "AnnualSumCosts) 4. Remove EPA example system

Remove unneeded check when loading fuel data (#545)

79162ea

Endogenous retirements bugfix

6e5d76c

Fixed computation of cumulative minimum retirements in multistage code. Previously, minimum capacity retirement parameters were not added up and this resulted in the minimum retirement constraints enforcing wrong lower bounds (#542)

qluo0320github added 5 commits November 28, 2023 13:32

Removed unused space, variables, and comments

eb157d1

undo changes to some files

15ba005

undo changes to files which are comment-only or whitespace-only

Add a function to read data related to multi fuels in Generators_data…

c0c89b8

….csv

Assign variables at the beginning functions

2a1616e

Define variables for MULTI_FUELS only when MULTI_FUELS exists

8dd4aff

lbonaldo reviewed Dec 1, 2023

View reviewed changes

lbonaldo and others added 9 commits December 5, 2023 09:37

Move if statement before fun call in load_generators_data

77afe78

Add multi_fuels test

8f48fa4

1. check the compatibility between multi-fuels and piesewise heat rat…

5b983be

…es when reading generators_data.csv; 2. change i into f in load_generators_data.jl in "for i in 1:max_fuels"

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into multi_fuels

4ac5a63

define THERM_COMMIT_PWFU in function load_multi_fuels_data

4805818

use process_piecewisefuelusage so that THERM_COMMIT_PWFU can be used …

d518d99

…in function load_multi_fuels_data

check compatibility between piese wise heat rates and multi-fuels onl…

ab22570

…y when UCommit > 1

check compatibility between piese wise heat rates and multi-fuels onl…

92ad0cf

…y when THERM_COMMIT_PWFU exists but is not empty

use variable "fuel_cols" when multi-fuel exists

6bc4c5b

qluo0320github and others added 9 commits January 19, 2024 08:58

reduce # of constraints to reduce memory use

8ec89b0

remove used println()

e8fc0cb

define CCS when loading input

488d849

Modify write outputs scripts for CCS

289558b

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/develop' into multi_fuels

a0f4a70

Add units to fuel outputs; fix bugs in fuel.jl

c06660b

Add tests and fix HAS_FUEL flag

0f54cc5

Fix resources filename

1b25178

Update CHANGELOG.md

3ca43a4

lbonaldo self-assigned this Feb 20, 2024

lbonaldo approved these changes Feb 20, 2024

View reviewed changes

lbonaldo merged commit 744896c into develop Feb 20, 2024
9 checks passed

lbonaldo deleted the multi_fuels branch April 29, 2024 15:16

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Add a feature to enable thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels #586

Add a feature to enable thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels #586

qluo0320github commented Nov 27, 2023 •

edited by lbonaldo

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sambuddhac commented Jan 18, 2024

qluo0320github commented Jan 18, 2024

	gen_in[!, "MULTI_FUELS"] = zero(gen_in[!, "R_ID"])
	gen_in[!, "MULTI_FUELS"] = zeros(G)

		else
		error("Multi-fuel option is not available when piece-wise heat rates are used. Please remove multi fuels to avoid this error.")

	dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost +dfNetRevenue.CO2SequestrationCost
	dfNetRevenue.Cost = dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Inv_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MW .+ dfNetRevenue.Fixed_OM_cost_MWh .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_out .+ dfNetRevenue.Var_OM_cost_in .+ dfNetRevenue.Fuel_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.Charge_cost .+ dfNetRevenue.EmissionsCost .+ dfNetRevenue.StartCost .+ dfNetRevenue.CO2SequestrationCost

Add a feature to enable thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels #586

Add a feature to enable thermal power plants to burn multiple fuels #586

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qluo0320github commented Nov 27, 2023 • edited by lbonaldo Loading

Description

What type of PR is this? (check all applicable)

Checklist

How this can be tested

Post-approval checklist for GenX core developers

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sambuddhac commented Jan 18, 2024

qluo0320github commented Jan 18, 2024

qluo0320github commented Nov 27, 2023 •

edited by lbonaldo

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