feat[cartesian]: add extra_link_args for flexible support of various compiler build

[xyuan]

add one more environment GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS for flexible support of various compiler build (this contribution is not copyrightable as it's a trivial change)

<type>:
    - build: Changes that affect the build system or external dependencies
    - ci: Changes to our CI configuration files and scripts
    - style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code
    - test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests

<scope>: cartesian 
# ONLY if changes are limited to a specific subsytem

• PR Description:
  add one more environment GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS for flexible support of various compiler build

Requirements

• All fixes and/or new features come with corresponding tests.
• Important design decisions have been documented in the approriate ADR inside the docs/development/ADRs/ folder.

If this PR contains code authored by new contributors please make sure:

• All the authors are covered by a valid contributor assignment agreement provided to ETH Zurich and signed by the employer if needed.
• The PR contains an updated version of the AUTHORS.md file adding the names of all the new contributors.

[havogt]

Thank you for the contribution!

• Could you please fix formatting, by using pre-commit. See https://github.com/GridTools/gt4py/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.
• Please also confirm (by a comment in this PR) that this contribution is not copyrightable as it's a trivial change. We don't need you to sign the CAA in that case.

[xyuan]

Thank you for the contribution!

• Could you please fix formatting, by using pre-commit. See https://github.com/GridTools/gt4py/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md.
• Please also confirm (by a comment in this PR) that this contribution is not copyrightable as it's a trivial change. We don't need you to sign the CAA in that case.

thanks, I had thought there is workflow test before PR, but I didn't find it. yeah, I will follow these workflows for my new PR

[xyuan]

the code pattern check here is interesting, we usually only check the code style, here is the output,

-extra_link_args: List[str] = (

• list(GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS.split(" ")) if GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS else []
  -)
  +extra_link_args: List[str] = list(GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS.split(" ")) if GT4PY_EXTRA_LINK_ARGS else []

however it is fine for extra_compile_args.

[havogt]

Can you write a short note here regarding this:

Please also confirm (by a comment in this PR) that this contribution is not copyrightable as it's a trivial change. We don't need you to sign the CAA in that case.

[xyuan]

Can you write a short note here regarding this:

Please also confirm (by a comment in this PR) that this contribution is not copyrightable as it's a trivial change. We don't need you to sign the CAA in that case.

yes, I did