Make the __init__ in GMP more statically compilable (#55012)

Co-authored-by: Jeff Bezanson <jeff.bezanson@gmail.com>

base/gmp.jl

@@ -30,10 +30,13 @@ else
     const libgmp = "libgmp.so.10"
 end
 
-version() = VersionNumber(unsafe_string(unsafe_load(cglobal((:__gmp_version, libgmp), Ptr{Cchar}))))
+_version() = unsafe_string(unsafe_load(cglobal((:__gmp_version, libgmp), Ptr{Cchar})))
+version() = VersionNumber(_version())
+major_version() = _version()[1]
 bits_per_limb() = Int(unsafe_load(cglobal((:__gmp_bits_per_limb, libgmp), Cint)))
 
 const VERSION = version()
+const MAJOR_VERSION = major_version()
 const BITS_PER_LIMB = bits_per_limb()
 
 # GMP's mp_limb_t is by default a typedef of `unsigned long`, but can also be configured to be either
@@ -102,7 +105,7 @@ const ALLOC_OVERFLOW_FUNCTION = Ref(false)
 
 function __init__()
     try
-        if version().major != VERSION.major || bits_per_limb() != BITS_PER_LIMB
+        if major_version() != MAJOR_VERSION || bits_per_limb() != BITS_PER_LIMB
             msg = """The dynamically loaded GMP library (v\"$(version())\" with __gmp_bits_per_limb == $(bits_per_limb()))
                      does not correspond to the compile time version (v\"$VERSION\" with __gmp_bits_per_limb == $BITS_PER_LIMB).
                      Please rebuild Julia."""