spirv-fuzz: Add fuzzer passes to add loads/stores

[afd]

This change adds fuzzer passes that sprinkle loads and stores into a
module at random, with stores restricted to occur in either dead
blocks, or to use pointers for which it is known that the pointee
value does not influence the module's overall behaviour.

The change also generalises the VariableValueIsArbitrary fact to
PointeeValueIsIrrelevant, to allow stores through access chains or
object copies of variables whose values are known to be irrelevant.

The change includes some other minor refactorings.