Cache the regularized form of union types (microsoft#37749)

* Cache the regularized form of union types

* Inline function because why not

* Introduce two fastpasths into isRelatedTo

src/compiler/checker.ts

@@ -13489,7 +13489,7 @@ namespace ts {
 
         function getRegularTypeOfLiteralType(type: Type): Type {
             return type.flags & TypeFlags.Literal ? (<LiteralType>type).regularType :
-                type.flags & TypeFlags.Union ? getUnionType(sameMap((<UnionType>type).types, getRegularTypeOfLiteralType)) :
+                type.flags & TypeFlags.Union ? ((<UnionType>type).regularType || ((<UnionType>type).regularType = getUnionType(sameMap((<UnionType>type).types, getRegularTypeOfLiteralType)) as UnionType)) :
                 type;
         }
 
@@ -15487,6 +15487,16 @@ namespace ts {
                     return isIdenticalTo(source, target);
                 }
 
+
+                // We fastpath comparing a type parameter to exactly its constraint, as this is _super_ common,
+                // and otherwise, for type parameters in large unions, causes us to need to compare the union to itself,
+                // as we break down the _target_ union first, _then_ get the source constraint - so for every
+                // member of the target, we attempt to find a match in the source. This avoids that in cases where
+                // the target is exactly the constraint.
+                if (source.flags & TypeFlags.TypeParameter && getConstraintOfType(source) === target) {
+                    return Ternary.True;
+                }
+
                 // Try to see if we're relating something like `Foo` -> `Bar | null | undefined`.
                 // If so, reporting the `null` and `undefined` in the type is hardly useful.
                 // First, see if we're even relating an object type to a union.
@@ -15820,7 +15830,16 @@ namespace ts {
             function eachTypeRelatedToType(source: UnionOrIntersectionType, target: Type, reportErrors: boolean, intersectionState: IntersectionState): Ternary {
                 let result = Ternary.True;
                 const sourceTypes = source.types;
-                for (const sourceType of sourceTypes) {
+                for (let i = 0; i < sourceTypes.length; i++) {
+                    const sourceType = sourceTypes[i];
+                    if (target.flags & TypeFlags.Union && (target as UnionType).types.length === sourceTypes.length) {
+                        // many unions are mappings of one another; in such cases, simply comparing members at the same index can shortcut the comparison
+                        const related = isRelatedTo(sourceType, (target as UnionType).types[i], /*reportErrors*/ false, /*headMessage*/ undefined, intersectionState);
+                        if (related) {
+                            result &= related;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
                     const related = isRelatedTo(sourceType, target, reportErrors, /*headMessage*/ undefined, intersectionState);
                     if (!related) {
                         return Ternary.False;

src/compiler/types.ts

@@ -4653,6 +4653,8 @@ namespace ts {
     export interface UnionType extends UnionOrIntersectionType {
         /* @internal */
         resolvedReducedType: Type;
+        /* @internal */
+        regularType: UnionType;
     }
 
     export interface IntersectionType extends UnionOrIntersectionType {