string.opa

/*
    Copyright © 2011, 2012 MLstate

    This file is part of Opa.

    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.

    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*/

/**
 * @author Nicolas Pelletier, 2010
 * @author Valentin Gatien-Baron, 2010 (documentation)
 * @destination public
 * @stability unknown
 * @category data
 */

/**
 * {1 About this module}
 *
 * Definition of the string library
 *
 * Strings are immutable containers of characters.
 *
 * {1 Where should I start ?}
 *
 * {1 What if I need more?}
 */

/*
 * TODO:
 * define string_insert in opa
 * define string_escaped in ??
 */

/**
 * {1 Types defined in this module}
 */

/**
 * Order type label for string
 */
type String.order = Order.default
@abstract type String.order_ci = void

/**
 * {1 Interface}
 */

String =
{{
  /**
   * {2 Primitive operations}
   */

  /**
   * Compare two string
   */
  compare(a,b): Order.comparison =
    @opensums(ordering(a,b))


  /**
   * Compare two string
   */
  ordering = %%BslString.ordering%%

  compare_raw = %% BslPervasives.compare_string %%

  /**
   * Check equality of two string
   */
  equals = eq
  /*
   * cannot call these functions <, > etc. because
   * then the rest of the module cannot call the polymorphic >
   */
  `lt` = %%BslString.lt%%
  `gt` = %%BslString.gt%%
  `le` = %%BslString.leq%%
  `ge` = %%BslString.geq%%
  `ne` = %%BslString.neq%%
  `eq` = %%BslString.eq%%
  `^`  = %% BslString.concat %%

  /**
   * Returns the length of the string
   */
  length = %% BslString.length %%

  /**
   * Determine if a string is empty
   *
   * @return true if the string is empty, false otherwise
   */
  is_empty(s): bool =
     length(s) == 0

  /**
   * Returns the string composed of the nth character of the given string
   * (starting at index 0)
   *
   * Exits with an error when the index is out of bounds
   */
  get(offset: int, source: string): string=
    f= %% BslString.get %%
    if offset < length(source) && offset >= 0 then f(source, offset)
    else error("get out of range")
  : string

  /**
   * [index(substring, string)] finds a sub-string in a string
   *
   * @return {none} if [substring] doesn't appear in [string]
   * @return {some} containing the index of the first occurrence of the
   * sub-string otherwise
   */
  index = %% BslString.index %%

  /**
   * [contains(string, substring)] checks if a string contains a substring
   */
  contains(string:string, substring:string) =
    Option.is_some(index(substring, string))

  /**
   * [init(f, n)] creates a string which consists of the flattening of
   * [f(0)],[f(1)], ..., [f(n-1)]
   * Efficiency note: as the length of [f(0)] ... [f(n-1)] are not known in
   * advance, [init] is not very efficient. For constant [f], [repeat] is faster.
   */
  init(f, n) = flatten(List.init(f, n))

  /**
   * [repeat(s, n)] returns a string which consists in [n] repetitions of string [s]
   */
  repeat(s, n) = %% BslString.repeat %%(n, s)

  /**
   * [replace(substring, replacement, source)] replaces every occurrence of
   * [substring] by [replacement]
   *
   * Characters from the input cannot belong to several overlapping occurrences
   * of the sub-string
   * eg: [replace("aba","c","ababa")] will return ["cba"]
   */
  replace = %% BslString.replace %%

  /**
   * Create a string in the reverse order of the original one
   */
  reverse = %% BslString.reverse %%

  /**
   * [substring_opt(offset, length, source)] returns an option
   * containing the string composed of the characters of [source],
   * starting at [offset] (indexed from 0) and of length [length]
   *
   * Returns [Option.none] when [length(source) < offset+length]
   */
  substring_opt(offset: int, len: int, source: string): option(string) =
  (
    src_len= length(source)
    if len < 0 || offset < 0 || offset + len > src_len then
      Option.none
    else
      // if we suppose that the previous verification are enough then this call must always work
      Option.some(substring_unsafe(offset, len, source))
  )

  /**
   * A variant of [substring] that can raise an exception if offsets are incorrect
   */
  substring_unsafe(offset:int, len:int, source:string): string =
     llsub = %% BslString.sub %%
     src_len = length(source)
     if offset == 0 && src_len == len then source
     else llsub(offset, len, source)

  /**
   * [substring(offset, length, source)] returns the string composed of the
   * characters of [source], starting at [offset] (indexed from 0) and of length
   * [length]
   *
   * Exits with an error when [length(source) < offset+length]
   */
  substring(offset: int, len: int, source: string)=
    match (substring_opt(offset, len, source)) : option(string) with
      | { ~some } -> some
      | { none } -> error("[substring] out of range in \"{source}\" ({offset}, {len}, {length(source)} )")
  : string

  /**
   * Gets a prefix of a given string of given length.
   *
   * @param length prefix length
   * @param source source string
   * @return [length]-character length prefix of [source] or [none] if
   *         [source] is shorter than [length] characters.
   */
  get_prefix(length: int, source: string) : option(string) =
    String.substring_opt(0, length, source)

  /**
   * Gets a suffix of a given string of given length.
   *
   * @param length suffix length
   * @param source source string
   * @return [length]-character length suffix of [source] or [none] if
   *         [source] is shorter than [length] characters.
   */
  get_suffix(length: int, source: string) : option(string) =
    String.substring_opt(String.length(source) - length, length, source)

  /**
   * [replace the first character by his uppercase]
   *
   * eg: [capitalize("toTo")] will return ["ToTo"]
   */
  capitalize(str: string)=
    len= length(str)
    if len < 1 then ""
    else to_upper(get(0, str))^substring(1, len - 1, str)

  /**
   * Order for string comparison
   *
   * The comparison differenciates lowercase from uppercase,
   * use the "ASCII order" to compare them.
   */
  order =
    Order.make(ordering) : order(string, String.order)

  /**
   * Order for string comparison
   *
   * Same behavior than [String.order], but case insensitive.
   */
  order_ci =
    Order.make(x,y -> ordering(to_lower(x),to_lower(y)))
    : order(string, String.order_ci)

  /**
   * Create the string representation of an integer
   */
  of_int= %% BslString.of_int %%

  /**
   * Create the string representation of a float
   */
  of_float= %% BslNumber.Float.to_string %%

  /**
   * Create the string representation of a void
   */
  of_void(_: void)= "\{\}"

  /**
   * Converts all the characters of the string to lowercase
   */
  to_lower= %% BslCactutf.lowercase %%

  /**
   * Converts all the characters of the string to uppercase
   */
  to_upper= %% BslCactutf.uppercase %%

  /**
   * Removes some accents
   */
   //FIXME 1: this should be done in a more complete way and moved to Catcutf
   //FIXME 2: the server version probably breaks UTF-8 strings
   //WARNING: used in external projects
  remove_accents = %% Bslstring.remove_accents %%

  /**
   * Returns the UTF8 representation of a positive integer
   *
   * Exits with an error when the integer is negative
   */
  of_utf8_val= %% BslString.to_character %%

  /**
   * Build a string from a byte value.
   * Useful if you use strings for outputs in binary format
  **/
  of_byte_val = %% BslString.of_byte_val %%

  /**
   * Build a string from a byte value.
   * Unsafe: may raise an error
  **/
  of_byte_unsafe = %% BslString.of_byte_unsafe %%

  /**
   * Peeks the nth byte in a string
   * Unsafe: may raise an error
   * Unsound: may give different results on server and client
  **/
  byte_at_unsafe = %% BslString.byte_at_unsafe %%

  /**
    * Escapes some characters. Used internally.
    * Very slow: replace or improve
   **/
  escape_non_utf8_special(v) =
    /* see json.org */
    transform =
    | "\"" -> "\\\""
    | "\\" -> "\\\\"
/*   | "\/" -> "\\\/"
    | "\b" -> "\\n"
    | "\f" -> "\\f" include in fallback*/
    | "\n" -> "\\n"
    | "\r" -> "\\r"
    | "\t" -> "\\t"
    | c ->
      i = Cactutf.look(c,0)
      if i < 32 then
        if i < 10 then "\\u000{i}"
        else "\\u00{i}"
      else c
    String.map(transform,v)

  /**
   * {2 Additional functions}
   */

  /**
   * [replace_first(substring, replacement, source)] replaces the leftmost
   * occurrence of [substring] in [source] by [replacement] (if any)
   */
  replace_first(search: string, replacement: string, source: string)=
    lfun= offset ->
      len= offset + length(search)
      sub(0, offset, source)^replacement^drop_left(len, source)
    Option.switch(lfun, source, index(search, source))
  : string

  /**
   * the same as index but insensitive
   */
  index_i(needle: string, source: string)=
    index(to_lower(needle), to_lower(source))
    : option(int)

  /**
   * Returns the right part of [source], [len] is the left part length
   */
  drop_left(len: int, source: string)=
    sub(len, length(source) - len, source)
  : string

  /**
   * Returns the left part of [source], [len] is the right part length
   */
  drop_right(len: int, source: string)=
    sub(0, length(source) - len, source)
  : string

  /**
   * same as get but from the end
   */
  get_end(offset: int, source: string)=
    get(length(source) - offset - 1, source)
  : string

  /**
   * [check_substring(string, pos, substr)] checks that the sub-string
   * of [string] starting at [pos] begins with [substr]
   */
  check_substring : string, int, string -> bool = %% BslString.check_match_literal %%

  /**
   * Splits a string into a list of segments separated by a given string.
   *
   * @param separator a string to act as a separator
   * @param source a source string
   * @param chain_sep if true then two or more occurrences of a separator
   *        are treated as one. If false then empty strings occur between
   *        consecutive separators. I.e.
   *        [explode_with("/", "/a//b/", true) = ["a","b"]]
   *        [explode_with("/", "/a//b/", false) = ["a","","b"]]
   * @return A list of segments from the string [source] in between
   *         [separator]s.
   */
  explode_with(separator: string, source: string, chain_sep: bool) : list(string) =
    sep_len = length(separator)
    if sep_len == 0 then [ source ] else
    source_len = length(source)
    rec aux_sep(acc,pos) =
      if Int.equals(pos,source_len) then
        List.rev(acc)
      else
        if check_substring(source,pos,separator) then
          aux_sep(if chain_sep then acc else ["" | acc],pos+sep_len)
        else
          aux_not_sep(acc,pos,pos+1)
    and aux_not_sep(acc,start_pos,pos) =
      if Int.`>=`(pos,source_len) then
        acc = [substring_unsafe(start_pos,pos-start_pos,source)|acc]
        List.rev(acc)
      else
        if check_substring(source,pos,separator) then
          acc = [substring_unsafe(start_pos,pos-start_pos,source)|acc]
          aux_sep(acc,pos+sep_len)
        else
          aux_not_sep(acc,start_pos,pos+1)
    aux_sep([],0)

  /**
   * Splits a string into a list of segments separated by a given string.
   * Two consecutive occurrences of a separator are treated as one; if
   * that's not what you want check [String.explode_with].
   *
   * @param separator a string to act as a separator
   * @param source a source string
   * @return A list of segments from the string [source] in between
   *         [separator]s.
   */
  explode(separator: string, source: string) : list(string) =
    explode_with(separator, source, true)

  ws_length(s) =
    len = length(s)
    rec aux(pos) =
      if Int.equals(pos,len) then
        pos
      else
        match get(pos,s) with
        | " " | "\n" | "\r" | "\t" | /*"\v"*/"\11" | "\0" -> aux(pos+1)
        | _ -> pos
    aux(0)

  /**
   * Returns a copy of [source] string without padding which match with
   * [" ", "\n", "\r", "\t", "\v", "\0"]
   */
  strip(source: string): string=
    len   = length(source)
    left  = ws_length(source)
    if len == left then ""
    else
        right = ws_length(rev(source))
        sub(left, len - left - right, source)

  /**
   * the same as trim but strip only the left part
   */
  strip_left(source: string)=
    padding= ws_length(source)
    drop_left(padding, source)
  : string

  /**
   * the same as trim but strip only the right part
   */
  strip_right(source)=
    padding= ws_length(rev(source))
    drop_right(padding, source)
  : string

  /**
   * map each unicode character of [source] using the given character mapping function
   */
  map(f: string -> string, source: string):string=
    len=length(source)
    if len > 0 then
      buffer=Buffer.create(len*2)
      rec aux(byte) =
        do Buffer.append(buffer, f(Cactutf.cons(Cactutf.look(source,byte))))
        byte=Cactutf.next(source,byte)
        if byte < len then aux(byte)
      do aux(0) // we know len>0
      Buffer.contents(buffer)
    else source

  /**
   * Replace all unicode characters [c] of the [source] by [e(c)] when [f(c)]
   * returns bool.
   */
  replace_char(source:string,
               f:Unicode.character -> bool,
               e:Unicode.character -> string):string =
    len = String.length(source)
    rec aux(i, stable, acc, size) =
      if i >= len then
        match acc with
        | [] -> source
        | _ ->
          acc = if stable != i then [Cactutf.sub(source, stable, i - stable) | acc] else acc
          b = Buffer.create(size)
          do List.iter(Buffer.append(b, _), List.rev(acc))
          Buffer.contents(b)
      else
        c = Cactutf.look(source, i)
        n = Cactutf.next(source, i)
        if f(c) then
          esc = e(c)
          acc = if stable != i then [Cactutf.sub(source, stable, i - stable) | acc] else acc
          aux(n, n, [esc | acc], String.length(esc) + size + i - stable)
        else aux(n, stable, acc, size)
    aux(0, 0, [], 0)

  /**
   * iter on each character of [source] and call the function [callback] with the current character
   * and an accumulator [accumulator]
   * @return the last accumulator
   */
  fold(callback:string, 'a -> 'a, source: string, accumulator: 'a)=
    len= length(source)
    rec aux= offset, accu ->
      if offset < len
        then aux(offset + 1, callback(get(offset, source), accu))
        else accu
    aux(0, accumulator)
  : 'a

  /**
   * @return true if the source contains only white spaces characters, false otherwise
   */
  is_blank(source: string) : bool =
    strip_left(source) == ""

  /**
   * concatenates the list of alphas, inserting string [separator] between each.
   * each element of this list is given to callback to make a string
   */
  of_list(callback:'a -> string, separator: string, list: list('a)) : string =
    concat(separator, List.map(callback, list))

  /**
   * The same as of_list but the list must contain strings
   */
  @opacapi
  concat(separator: string, list: list(string)) : string =
    flatten(List.intersperse(separator, list))

  /**
   * The same as of_list but the list must contain strings and there is no separator
   */
  flatten(list: list(string)): string=
  (
    size = List.fold(((x:string),(acc:int) -> String.length(x) + acc),  list, 0)
    llbuff     = Buffer.create(size)
    do List.iter(Buffer.append(llbuff, _), list)
    Buffer.contents(llbuff)
  )

  /**
   * This function returns an unsigned int to count blocks of non blank
   */
  word_count(source: string)=
    lfun= char, accu -> if xor(is_blank(char), accu.f1) then (not(accu.f1), accu.f2 + 1) else accu
    (fold(lfun, source, (true, 0)).f2 + 1) / 2
  : int

  /**
   * Returns the index of unmatched char
   * Returns 0 if both strings [left] and [right] are equal
   * Returns 1 if the first char differ
   */
  diff(left: string, right: string)=
    len = Int.min(length(left), length(right))
    rec aux= offset ->
      if get(offset, left) == get(offset, right) then if offset < len - 1 then aux(offset + 1) else len
      else offset + 1
    if len > 0 then res= aux(0) if res == Int.max(length(left), length(right)) then 0 else res
    else 0
  : int

  /**
   * same as diff but case insensitive
   */
  diff_i(left: string, right: string)=
    diff(to_lower(left), to_lower(right))
  : int

  /**
   * this function completes the [source] string to get the length wanted [len] with the string [padder]
   */
  padding_left(padder: string, len: int, source: string)=
    src_len= length(source)
    pad_len= length(padder)
    if len < src_len || pad_len < 1 then source
    else sub(0, len - src_len, repeat(((len - src_len) / pad_len) + 1, padder))^source
  : string

  /**
   * the same as padding by pad on right
   */
  padding_right(padder: string, len: int, source: string)=
    src_len= length(source)
    pad_len= length(padder)
    if len < src_len || pad_len < 1 then source
    else source^sub(0, len - src_len, repeat(((len - src_len) / pad_len) + 1, padder))
  : string

  /**
   * Returns a string that succeed [source]
   */
  next(source: string) : string =
    if source == "" then "a"
    else
      last = length(source) - 1
      i = byte_at_unsafe(last, source)
      if (i >= 65 && i < 90) || (i >= 97 && i < 122)
      then
        substring(0, last, source) ^ of_byte_unsafe(i+1)
      else
        source ^ "a"

  /**
   * Returns a string fresh generator.
   */
  fresh(init : int) =
    ofint(i) =
      if (i <= 25) then String.of_utf8_val(i + 65) //Capital Letter
      else String.of_utf8_val(i + 72) //Small Letter
    rec gen(i, l) =
      if (i <= 50) then String.flatten(ofint(i)+>l)
      else
        gen(i/50, ofint(mod(i, 50))+>l)
    x = Reference.create(init)
    // We don't use Fresh module (because cyclic-dependencies)
    ->
      gen(@atomic(
        i = Reference.get(x)
        do Reference.set(x, i+1)
        i), [])

  /**
   * Returns true iff the source string has a given prefix.
   *
   * @param prefix a prefix to check
   * @param source a source string
   * @reutrn true iff [source] has prefix [prefix]
   */
  has_prefix(prefix: string, source: string) : bool =
    match get_prefix(length(prefix), source)
    | {none} -> false
    | {some=source_prefix} -> equals(prefix, source_prefix)

  /**
   * Returns true iff the source string has a given suffix.
   *
   * @param suffix a suffix to check
   * @param source a source string
   * @reutrn true iff [source] has suffix [suffix]
   */
  has_suffix(suffix: string, source: string) : bool =
    match get_suffix(length(suffix), source)
    | {none} -> false
    | {some=source_suffix} -> equals(suffix, source_suffix)

  /**
   * Returns a String with the [n] first letters capitalized
   *
   * @param len the number of characters to uppercase
   * @param source a source string
   */
  // Use of Text because it should be cheaper to append Text than String
  uppercase_first(len, source) =
    String.fold(s, (cpt, acc) ->
      if cpt < len then
        s = String.uppercase(s)
        (cpt+1, Text.insert_right(acc, s))
      else (cpt+1, Text.insert_right(acc, s))
    , source, (0, Text.cons(""))).f2
    |> Text.to_string(_)

  /**
   *  ALIAS / SHORTHAND OF PREEXISTING FUNCTIONS
   */

  strpos             = index
  strposi            = index_i
  rev                = reverse
  sub_opt            = substring_opt
  substr             = substring
  sub                = substring
  trim               = strip
  rtrim              = strip_right
  ltrim              = strip_left
  implode            = of_list
  pad_left           = padding_left
  pad_right          = padding_right
  uppercase          = to_upper
  lowercase          = to_lower

  of_string          = identity:string -> string
  to_int             = Int.of_string
  to_float           = Float.of_string
  to_string          = of_string

  /**
   * DEPRECATED FUNCTIONS
   */

  print_list = source -> "["^concat(",", source)^"]"
}}

@opacapi
String_flatten = String.flatten