MDEV-32130 Port MySQL test on protocol bug #106352 to MariaDB

[grooverdan]

• The Jira issue number for this PR is: MDEV-32130

Description

Port the test case from MySQL to MariaDB:

MySQL fix Bug#33813951, Change-Id: I2448e3f2f36925fe70d882ae5681a6234f0d5a98.

Function test_simple_temporal() from MySQL ported from C++ to pure C.

This includes one change:

• DIE_UNLESS(field->type == MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME);

• DIE_UNLESS(field->type == MYSQL_TYPE_TIMESTAMP);

The bound param of SELECT ? is TIMESTAMP in this code. MySQL returns it back as DATETIME. MariaDB preserves TIMESTAMP.

How can this PR be tested?

TODO: modify the automated test suite to verify that the PR causes MariaDB to behave as intended.
Consult the documentation on "Writing good test cases".

If the changes are not amenable to automated testing, please explain why not and carefully describe how to test manually.

Basing the PR against the correct MariaDB version

• This is a new feature and the PR is based against the latest MariaDB development branch.
• This is a bug fix and the PR is based against the earliest maintained branch in which the bug can be reproduced.
• *this is a test case backported to the earliest version supported/where it passes.

PR quality check

• I checked the CODING_STANDARDS.md file and my PR conforms to this where appropriate.
• For any trivial modifications to the PR, I am ok with the reviewer making the changes themselves.

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[grooverdan]

tests manually run as MDEV-16641 has them blocked.

main.mysql_client_test                   w1 [ pass ]  33134
main.mysql_client_test_nonblock          w2 [ pass ]  33134
main.mysql_client_test_comp              w3 [ pass ]  33134

Unblocked test: https://buildbot.mariadb.org/#/grid?branch=bb-10.4-MDEV-32130