emuBOOB

What is emuBOOB?

It's an emulator of INTeL processor i8008.

Table of contents

• Roadmap
• Description
  • Diagram
  • Basement
    • CPU
      • Registers
      • Flags
      • ALU
      • Stack
      • IS
    • Memory
      • PROM
      • RAM
  • Emulator
  • Compiler
    • Rules
• Deployment
  • Rust
  • Installation
  • Uninstallation
• Usage
  • Building
  • Running
• Examples
• References and manuals

RoadMap

• Main implementations of ALU and Instruction Decoder
• Simple memory RAM/PROM
• Dumps of memory and processor
• Implementation of all Instructions (46/46)
• Real memory as in MCS-8
• Translator for assembly code
• Normal usage
• TUI / GUI

Description

Diagram

+---------------+    +-------+       +--------+    +-----------------+
| dictionary.rs |    | INPUT |       | cpu.rs | <- | instructions.rs |
+---------------+    +-------+       +--------+    +-----------------+
  |                      |            ^   ^  |
  |                      |            |   |  \-------------\
  |                      V            V   \------\         V
  |  +--------+     +---------+      +--------+  |    +---------+
  |  | cmp.rs | <-- | main.rs | <--> | mcs.rs |  |    | dump.rs |
  |  +--------+     +---------+      +--------+  |    +---------+
  |       |             ^   ^         |   /------/         ^
  \---\   |             |   \----\    |   |  /-------------/
      V   V             |        |    V   V  |
+---------------+    +--------+  |   +--------+      +----------+
| translator.rs | -> | OUTPUT |  |   | mem.rs |   /- | cli.yaml |
+---------------+    +--------+  |   +--------+   |  +----------+
                                 \----------------/

Basement

This project is based on MCS-8.
Parametres of MCS-8:

• CPU: i8008-1
• Memory:
  • PROM: 2 KB
  • RAM: 1 KB

CPU

i8008-1 is impoved version of standart i8008 with decreased cycle time (from 20 µs to 12.5 µs).
Futher in the text i8008-1 will be named just 8008

Registers

Name	Length	Description
A	8 bit	Accumulator
B	8 bit	GPR1
C	8 bit	GPR
D	8 bit	GPR
E	8 bit	GPR
H	8 bit	GPR/High byte of address for MI2
L	8 bit	GPR/Low byte of address for MI
PC	14 bit	Program Counter3
SP	3 bit	Stack Pointer

Flags

Name	Description
C	Carry
Z	Zero
S	Sign
P	Parity

ALU

ALU can do arithmetic and logical operations: ADD, ADD with carry, SUBTRACT, SUBSTRACT with borrow, AND, EXCLUSIVE OR, OR, COMPARE, INCREMENT, DECREMENT

All ALU operations have influence on flags' flip-flops.
But INCREMENT and DECREMENT don't touch C (carry) flag.

Stack

Stack in 8008 is located in proccessor. Subsequently, it has only 7 levels of deepnest.
SP is 3 bit length and you can't change its value.

If you overflow stack level it would erase first levels. Try to prevent this overflow!

Instruction Set

Took from page 8-9 of 8008 manual

Memory

In MCS-8 memory block is separated into 2 parts.

PROM

Capacity of PROM is 2 KB.
One word length is 1 Byte.

PROM is used to contain programme's code.
You CAN'T write in PROM in runtime. For this use RAM

RAM

Capacity of RAM is 1 KB.
One word length is 1 Byte

RAM is used to save data in runtime.
After finishing executing programme all data from RAM would be erased.

Emulator

Emulator is very close to real structure and ecosystem of MCS-8.
Emualator has pretty dump output of CPU and Memory.

See more information:

• $ emuBOOB run help
• $ man emuBOOB

Compiler

Assembler Syntax Rules

• No comments
• No free lines
• First line is with CPU command and value 8008 (see examples)
• All instructions should be shifted on one tab of 4 spaces
• Labels should be without shift
• After label should be colon :
• Label should be before labaled block on another line
• All values/labels which is needful for the instruction should be on same line and separated with whitespace from instruction
• Values should be in decimal form
• Calling or jumping to a label, the label name should starts from ampersand (&)
• You can write values in different bases, for specify base you should write after value ('d', 'h', 'o', 'b') for decimal, hexadecimal, octal and binary accordingly

Deployment

NOTE
YOU SHOULD HAVE RUST AND CARGO TO INSTALL THIS EMULATOR

Rust Installation

Try run: $ curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh

And see official guide.

For cargo try this:

• Ubuntu / Debian $ sudo apt-get install cargo
• Arch $ sudo pacman -S cargo

Or see official guide

Installation

1. Download or clone this repo:
   • Git: $ git clone https://github.com/MrZloHex/emuBOOB.git
2. Change working directory to lscc:
   • $ cd emuBOOB
3. Run installation script:
   • $ ./deployment.sh -i
   • NOTE You need to have sudo access.

Uninstallation

1. Change working directory to lscc:
   • $ cd emuBOOB
2. Run uninstallation script:
   • $ ./deployment.sh -u
3. Go out from directory:
   • $ cd ..

Usage

Building

emuBOOB's compiler supporting only .asm files with very strcit rules.
For build your assembly code for i8008 run this:
$ emuBOOB build --input="<PATH TO YOUR CODE>"

This would make bianry file in same directory, which after you can execute in emulator

Options for build subcommand:

• -i, --input:
  This is obligatory option, where you specify the path to the source file.
  E. g. $ emuBOOB build --input="project8008/src/main.asm"
• -o, --output:
  With this option you can specify path and name of output bianry file.
  E. g. $ emuBOOB build --input="project8008/src/main.asm" --output="target/my_app"

Flags for build subcommand:

• -v, --verbose:
  Will be displayed your assembly code and after opcodes for i8008.
• -V, --version:
  You will see version of compiler for 8008.
• -h, --help:
  Display help information about compiler.

Running

Emulator can execute binary made obly by emuBOOB's compiler.
To run compiled binary on i8008 run:
$ emuBOOB run --input="<PATH TO BINARY>"

Options for run subcommand:

• -i, --input:
  This is obligatory option, where you specify the path to the binary file or source code (see -b flag)
  E. g. $ emuBOOB run --input="target/my_app"
• -o, --ouput:
  This option is usefull only with -b flag, when you building before executing.
  E. g. $ emuBOOB run --input="project/src/main.asm" --output="target/my_app" --build

Flags for run subcommand:

• -v, --verbose:
  Will be displayed more information about instructions and will display memory dump.
• -b, --build:
  This flag specifying that you would build input file and after that execute output file in emulator.
• -m, --manual:
  This flag giving opportunity to execute instructions one by one with control
  
  • Press enter to execute next instruction
    
  • Press q to stop executing
• -V, --version:
  You will see version of emulator of 8008.
• -h, --help:
  Display help information about emulator.

Examples

There are some examples of programs in examples directory.

Try emulate multiply.asm in emuBOOB. For this run:
$ emuBOOB run --input="examples/multiply.asm" --output="exaples_target/multiply" --build

References

• Wiki with general info about
• Wiki with internal system of i8008
• INTeL's original reference for i8008
• MCS-8 datasheet

Footnotes

1: GPR- General Purpose Register. This registers can be used for contain any data
2: MI - Memory Instruction. This instruction addressing to RAM for write or read
3: PC - Program Counter (Modern: IP - Instruction Pointer). This register is used to point address of next opcode in memory