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rl-2009.xml
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<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-20.09">
<title>Release 20.09 (“Nightingale”, 2020.10/27)</title>
<para>
Support is planned until the end of April 2021, handing over to 21.03.
</para>
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-20.09-highlights">
<title>Highlights</title>
<para>
In addition to 7349 new, 14442 updated, and 8181 removed packages, this release has the
following highlights:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Core version changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
gcc: 9.2.0 -> 9.3.0
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
glibc: 2.30 -> 2.31
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
linux: still defaults to 5.4.x, all supported kernels available
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
mesa: 19.3.5 -> 20.1.7
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Desktop Environments:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
plasma5: 5.17.5 -> 5.18.5
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
kdeApplications: 19.12.3 -> 20.08.1
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
gnome3: 3.34 -> 3.36, see its <link xlink:href="https://help.gnome.org/misc/release-notes/3.36/">release notes</link>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
cinnamon: added at 4.6
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
NixOS now distributes an official <link xlink:href="https://nixos.org/download.html#nixos-iso">GNOME ISO</link>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Programming Languages and Frameworks:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Agda ecosystem was heavily reworked (see more details below)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PHP now defaults to PHP 7.4, updated from 7.3
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
PHP 7.2 is no longer supported due to upstream not supporting this version for the entire lifecycle of the 20.09 release
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Python 3 now defaults to Python 3.8 instead of 3.7
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Python 3.5 reached its upstream EOL at the end of September 2020: it
has been removed from the list of available packages
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Databases and Service Monitoring:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
MariaDB has been updated to 10.4, MariaDB Galera to 26.4. Please read the related upgrade instructions under <link linkend="sec-release-20.09-incompatibilities">backwards incompatibilities</link> before upgrading.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Zabbix now defaults to 5.0, updated from 4.4. Please read related sections under <link linkend="sec-release-20.09-incompatibilities">backwards compatibilities</link> before upgrading.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Major module changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Quickly configure a complete, private, self-hosted video
conferencing solution with the new Jitsi Meet module.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Two new options, <link linkend="opt-services.openssh.authorizedKeysCommand">authorizedKeysCommand</link>
and <link linkend="opt-services.openssh.authorizedKeysCommandUser">authorizedKeysCommandUser</link>, have
been added to the <literal>openssh</literal> module. If you have <literal>AuthorizedKeysCommand</literal>
in your <link linkend="opt-services.openssh.extraConfig">services.openssh.extraConfig</link> you should
make use of these new options instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
There is a new module for Podman (<varname>virtualisation.podman</varname>), a drop-in replacement for the Docker command line.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The new <varname>virtualisation.containers</varname> module manages configuration shared by the CRI-O and Podman modules.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Declarative Docker containers are renamed from <varname>docker-containers</varname> to <varname>virtualisation.oci-containers.containers</varname>.
This is to make it possible to use <literal>podman</literal> instead of <literal>docker</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The new option <link linkend="opt-documentation.man.generateCaches">documentation.man.generateCaches</link>
has been added to automatically generate the <literal>man-db</literal> caches, which are needed by utilities
like <command>whatis</command> and <command>apropos</command>. The caches are generated during the build of
the NixOS configuration: since this can be expensive when a large number of packages are installed, the
feature is disabled by default.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<varname>services.postfix.sslCACert</varname> was replaced by <varname>services.postfix.tlsTrustedAuthorities</varname> which now defaults to system certificate authorities.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The various documented workarounds to use steam have been converted to a module. <varname>programs.steam.enable</varname> enables steam, controller support and the workarounds.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Support for built-in LCDs in various pieces of Logitech hardware (keyboards and USB speakers). <varname>hardware.logitech.lcd.enable</varname> enables support for all hardware supported by the <link xlink:href="https://sourceforge.net/projects/g15daemon/">g15daemon project</link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The GRUB module gained support for basic password protection, which
allows to restrict non-default entries in the boot menu to one or more
users. The users and passwords are defined via the option
<option>boot.loader.grub.users</option>.
Note: Password support is only available in GRUB version 2.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
NixOS module changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The NixOS module system now supports freeform modules as a mix between <literal>types.attrsOf</literal> and <literal>types.submodule</literal>. These allow you to explicitly declare a subset of options while still permitting definitions without an associated option. See <xref linkend='sec-freeform-modules'/> for how to use them.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Following its deprecation in 20.03, the Perl NixOS test driver has been removed.
All remaining tests have been ported to the Python test framework.
Code outside nixpkgs using <filename>make-test.nix</filename> or
<filename>testing.nix</filename> needs to be ported to
<filename>make-test-python.nix</filename> and
<filename>testing-python.nix</filename> respectively.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Subordinate GID and UID mappings are now set up automatically for all normal users.
This will make container tools like Podman work as non-root users out of the box.
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-20.09-new-services">
<title>New Services</title>
<para>
In addition to 1119 new, 118 updated, and 476 removed options; 61 new modules were added since the last release:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
Hardware:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.system76.firmware-daemon.enable" /> adds easy support of system76 firmware
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.uinput.enable" /> loads uinput kernel module
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.video.hidpi.enable" /> enable good defaults for HiDPI displays
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.wooting.enable" /> support for Wooting keyboards
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-hardware.xpadneo.enable" /> xpadneo driver for Xbox One wireless controllers
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Programs:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-programs.hamster.enable" /> enable hamster time tracking
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-programs.steam.enable" /> adds easy enablement of steam and related system configuration
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Security:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-security.doas.enable" /> alternative to sudo, allows non-root users to execute commands as root
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-security.tpm2.enable" /> add Trusted Platform Module 2 support
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
System:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.initrd.network.openvpn.enable" /> start an OpenVPN client during initrd boot
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Virtualization:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-boot.enableContainers" /> use nixos-containers
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-virtualisation.oci-containers.containers" /> run OCI (Docker) containers
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-virtualisation.podman.enable" /> daemonless container engine
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Services:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.ankisyncd.enable" /> Anki sync server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.bazarr.enable" /> Subtitle manager for Sonarr and Radarr
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.biboumi.enable" /> Biboumi XMPP gateway to IRC
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.blockbook-frontend" /> Blockbook-frontend, a service for the Trezor wallet
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.cage.enable" /> Wayland cage service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.convos.enable" /> IRC daemon, which can be accessed throught the browser
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.engelsystem.enable" /> Tool for coordinating volunteers and shifts on large events
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.espanso.enable" /> text-expander written in rust
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.foldingathome.enable" /> Folding@home client
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.gerrit.enable" /> Web-based team code collaboration tool
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.go-neb.enable" /> Matrix bot
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.hardware.xow.enable" /> xow as a systemd service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.hercules-ci-agent.enable" /> Hercules CI build agent
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.jicofo.enable" /> Jitsi Conference Focus, component of Jitsi Meet
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.jirafeau.enable" /> A web file repository
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.jitsi-meet.enable" /> Secure, simple and scalable video conferences
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.jitsi-videobridge.enable" /> Jitsi Videobridge, a WebRTC compatible router
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.jupyterhub.enable" /> Jupyterhub development server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.k3s.enable" /> Lightweight Kubernetes distribution
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.magic-wormhole-mailbox-server.enable" /> Magic Wormhole Mailbox Server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.malcontent.enable" /> Parental Control support
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.matrix-appservice-discord.enable" /> Matrix and Discord bridge
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.mautrix-telegram.enable" /> Matrix-Telegram puppeting/relaybot bridge
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.mirakurun.enable" /> Japanese DTV Tuner Server Service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.molly-brown.enable" /> Molly-Brown Gemini server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.mullvad-vpn.enable" /> Mullvad VPN daemon
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.ncdns.enable" /> Namecoin to DNS bridge
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.nextdns.enable" /> NextDNS to DoH Proxy service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.nix-store-gcs-proxy" /> Google storage bucket to be used as a nix store
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.onedrive.enable" /> OneDrive sync service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.pinnwand.enable" /> Pastebin-like service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.pixiecore.enable" /> Manage network booting of machines
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.privacyidea.enable" /> Privacy authentication server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.quorum.enable" /> Quorum blockchain daemon
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.robustirc-bridge.enable" /> RobustIRC bridge
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.rss-bridge.enable" /> Generate RSS and Atom feeds
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.rtorrent.enable" /> rTorrent service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.smartdns.enable" /> SmartDNS DNS server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.sogo.enable" /> SOGo groupware
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.teeworlds.enable" /> Teeworlds game server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.torque.mom.enable" /> torque computing node
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.torque.server.enable" /> torque server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.tuptime.enable" /> A total uptime service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.urserver.enable" /> X11 remote server
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.wasabibackend.enable" /> Wasabi backend service
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.yubikey-agent.enable" /> Yubikey agent
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<xref linkend="opt-services.zigbee2mqtt.enable" /> Zigbee to MQTT bridge
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
<section xmlns="http://docbook.org/ns/docbook"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude"
version="5.0"
xml:id="sec-release-20.09-incompatibilities">
<title>Backward Incompatibilities</title>
<para>
When upgrading from a previous release, please be aware of the following
incompatible changes:
</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
MariaDB has been updated to 10.4, MariaDB Galera to 26.4.
Before you upgrade, it would be best to take a backup of your database.
For MariaDB Galera Cluster, see <link xlink:href="https://mariadb.com/kb/en/upgrading-from-mariadb-103-to-mariadb-104-with-galera-cluster/">Upgrading
from MariaDB 10.3 to MariaDB 10.4 with Galera Cluster</link> instead.
Before doing the upgrade read <link xlink:href="https://mariadb.com/kb/en/upgrading-from-mariadb-103-to-mariadb-104/#incompatible-changes-between-103-and-104">Incompatible
Changes Between 10.3 and 10.4</link>.
After the upgrade you will need to run <literal>mysql_upgrade</literal>.
MariaDB 10.4 introduces a number of changes to the authentication process, intended to make things easier and more
intuitive. See <link xlink:href="https://mariadb.com/kb/en/authentication-from-mariadb-104/">Authentication from MariaDB 10.4</link>.
unix_socket auth plugin does not use a password, and uses the connecting user's UID instead. When a new MariaDB data directory is initialized, two MariaDB users are
created and can be used with new unix_socket auth plugin, as well as traditional mysql_native_password plugin: root@localhost and mysql@localhost. To actually use
the traditional mysql_native_password plugin method, one must run the following:
<programlisting>
services.mysql.initialScript = pkgs.writeText "mariadb-init.sql" ''
ALTER USER root@localhost IDENTIFIED VIA mysql_native_password USING PASSWORD("verysecret");
'';
</programlisting>
When MariaDB data directory is just upgraded (not initialized), the users are not created or modified.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
MySQL server is now started with additional systemd sandbox/hardening options for better security. The PrivateTmp, ProtectHome, and ProtectSystem options
may be problematic when MySQL is attempting to read from or write to your filesystem anywhere outside of its own state directory, for example when
calling <literal>LOAD DATA INFILE or SELECT * INTO OUTFILE</literal>. In this scenario a variant of the following may be required:
- allow MySQL to read from /home and /tmp directories when using <literal>LOAD DATA INFILE</literal>
<programlisting>
systemd.services.mysql.serviceConfig.ProtectHome = lib.mkForce "read-only";
</programlisting>
- allow MySQL to write to custom folder <literal>/var/data</literal> when using <literal>SELECT * INTO OUTFILE</literal>, assuming the mysql user has write
access to <literal>/var/data</literal>
<programlisting>
systemd.services.mysql.serviceConfig.ReadWritePaths = [ "/var/data" ];
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
The MySQL service no longer runs its <literal>systemd</literal> service startup script as <literal>root</literal> anymore. A dedicated non <literal>root</literal>
super user account is required for operation. This means users with an existing MySQL or MariaDB database server are required to run the following SQL statements
as a super admin user before upgrading:
<programlisting>
CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'mysql'@'localhost' identified with unix_socket;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'mysql'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
</programlisting>
If you use MySQL instead of MariaDB please replace <literal>unix_socket</literal> with <literal>auth_socket</literal>. If you have changed the value of <xref linkend="opt-services.mysql.user"/>
from the default of <literal>mysql</literal> to a different user please change <literal>'mysql'@'localhost'</literal> to the corresponding user instead.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Zabbix now defaults to 5.0, updated from 4.4. Please carefully read through
<link xlink:href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/installation/upgrade/sources">the upgrade guide</link>
and apply any changes required. Be sure to take special note of the section on
<link xlink:href="https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/manual/installation/upgrade_notes_500#enabling_extended_range_of_numeric_float_values">enabling extended range of numeric (float) values</link>
as you will need to apply this database migration manually.
</para>
<para>
If you are using Zabbix Server with a MySQL or MariaDB database you should note that using a character set of <literal>utf8</literal> and a collate of <literal>utf8_bin</literal> has become mandatory with
this release. See the upstream <link xlink:href="https://support.zabbix.com/browse/ZBX-17357">issue</link> for further discussion. Before upgrading you should check the character set and collation used by
your database and ensure they are correct:
<programlisting>
SELECT
default_character_set_name,
default_collation_name
FROM
information_schema.schemata
WHERE
schema_name = 'zabbix';
</programlisting>
If these values are not correct you should take a backup of your database and convert the character set and collation as required. Here is an
<link xlink:href="https://www.zabbix.com/forum/zabbix-help/396573-reinstall-after-upgrade?p=396891#post396891">example</link> of how to do so, taken from
the Zabbix forums:
<programlisting>
ALTER DATABASE `zabbix` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;
-- the following will produce a list of SQL commands you should subsequently execute
SELECT CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", TABLE_NAME," CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;") AS ExecuteTheString
FROM information_schema.`COLUMNS`
WHERE table_schema = "zabbix" AND COLLATION_NAME = "utf8_general_ci";
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<package>maxx</package> package removed along with <varname>services.xserver.desktopManager.maxx</varname> module.
Please migrate to <package>cdesktopenv</package> and <varname>services.xserver.desktopManager.cde</varname> module.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="opt-services.matrix-synapse.enable">matrix-synapse</link> module no longer includes optional dependencies by default, they have to be added through the <link linkend="opt-services.matrix-synapse.plugins">plugins</link> option.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>buildGoModule</literal> now internally creates a vendor directory
in the source tree for downloaded modules instead of using go's <link
xlink:href="https://golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Module_proxy_protocol">module
proxy protocol</link>. This storage format is simpler and therefore less
likely to break with future versions of go. As a result
<literal>buildGoModule</literal> switched from
<literal>modSha256</literal> to the <literal>vendorSha256</literal>
attribute to pin fetched version data.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Grafana is now built without support for phantomjs by default. Phantomjs support has been
<link xlink:href="https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/guides/whats-new-in-v6-4/">deprecated in Grafana</link>
and the <package>phantomjs</package> project is
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/ariya/phantomjs/issues/15344#issue-302015362">currently unmaintained</link>.
It can still be enabled by providing <literal>phantomJsSupport = true</literal> to the package instantiation:
<programlisting>{
services.grafana.package = pkgs.grafana.overrideAttrs (oldAttrs: rec {
phantomJsSupport = true;
});
}</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <link linkend="opt-services.supybot.enable">supybot</link> module now uses <literal>/var/lib/supybot</literal>
as its default <link linkend="opt-services.supybot.stateDir">stateDir</link> path if <literal>stateVersion</literal>
is 20.09 or higher. It also enables a number of
<link xlink:href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#Sandboxing">systemd sandboxing options</link>
which may possibly interfere with some plugins. If this is the case you can disable the options through attributes in
<option>systemd.services.supybot.serviceConfig</option>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>security.duosec.skey</literal> option, which stored a secret in the
nix store, has been replaced by a new
<link linkend="opt-security.duosec.secretKeyFile">security.duosec.secretKeyFile</link>
option for better security.
</para>
<para>
<literal>security.duosec.ikey</literal> has been renamed to
<link linkend="opt-security.duosec.integrationKey">security.duosec.integrationKey</link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
<literal>vmware</literal> has been removed from the <literal>services.x11.videoDrivers</literal> defaults.
For VMWare guests set <literal>virtualisation.vmware.guest.enable</literal> to <literal>true</literal> which will include the appropriate drivers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The initrd SSH support now uses OpenSSH rather than Dropbear to
allow the use of Ed25519 keys and other OpenSSH-specific
functionality. Host keys must now be in the OpenSSH format, and at
least one pre-generated key must be specified.
</para>
<para>
If you used the <option>boot.initrd.network.ssh.host*Key</option>
options, you'll get an error explaining how to convert your host
keys and migrate to the new
<option>boot.initrd.network.ssh.hostKeys</option> option.
Otherwise, if you don't have any host keys set, you'll need to
generate some; see the <option>hostKeys</option> option
documentation for instructions.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Since this release there's an easy way to customize your PHP
install to get a much smaller base PHP with only wanted
extensions enabled. See the following snippet installing a
smaller PHP with the extensions <literal>imagick</literal>,
<literal>opcache</literal>, <literal>pdo</literal> and
<literal>pdo_mysql</literal> loaded:
<programlisting>
environment.systemPackages = [
(pkgs.php.withExtensions
({ all, ... }: with all; [
imagick
opcache
pdo
pdo_mysql
])
)
];</programlisting>
The default <literal>php</literal> attribute hasn't lost any
extensions. The <literal>opcache</literal> extension has been
added.
All upstream PHP extensions are available under <package><![CDATA[php.extensions.<name?>]]></package>.
</para>
<para>
All PHP <literal>config</literal> flags have been removed for
the following reasons:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>
The updated <literal>php</literal> attribute is now easily
customizable to your liking by using
<literal>php.withExtensions</literal> or
<literal>php.buildEnv</literal> instead of writing config files
or changing configure flags.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The remaining configuration flags can now be set directly on
the <literal>php</literal> attribute. For example, instead of
<programlisting>
php.override {
config.php.embed = true;
config.php.apxs2 = false;
}
</programlisting>
you should now write
<programlisting>
php.override {
embedSupport = true;
apxs2Support = false;
}
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The ACME module has been overhauled for simplicity and maintainability.
Cert generation now implicitly uses the <literal>acme</literal>
user, and the <literal>security.acme.certs._name_.user</literal> option
has been removed. Instead, certificate access from other services is now
managed through group permissions. The module no longer runs lego
twice under certain conditions, and will correctly renew certificates if
their configuration is changed. Services which reload nginx and httpd after
certificate renewal are now properly configured too so you no longer have
to do this manually if you are using HTTPS enabled virtual hosts. A mechanism
for regenerating certs on demand has also been added and documented.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Gollum received a major update to version 5.x and you may have to change
some links in your wiki when migrating from gollum 4.x. More information
can be found
<link xlink:href="https://github.com/gollum/gollum/wiki/5.0-release-notes#migrating-your-wiki">here</link>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Deluge 2.x was added and is used as default for new NixOS
installations where stateVersion is >= 20.09. If you are upgrading from a previous
NixOS version, you can set <literal>service.deluge.package = pkgs.deluge-2_x</literal>
to upgrade to Deluge 2.x and migrate the state to the new format.
Be aware that backwards state migrations are not supported by Deluge.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
Nginx web server now starting with additional sandbox/hardening options. By default, write access
to <literal>/var/log/nginx</literal> and <literal>/var/cache/nginx</literal> is allowed. To allow writing to other folders,
use <literal>systemd.services.nginx.serviceConfig.ReadWritePaths</literal>
<programlisting>
systemd.services.nginx.serviceConfig.ReadWritePaths = [ "/var/www" ];
</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Nginx is also started with the systemd option <literal>ProtectHome = mkDefault true;</literal>
which forbids it to read anything from <literal>/home</literal>, <literal>/root</literal>
and <literal>/run/user</literal> (see
<link xlink:href="https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.exec.html#ProtectHome=">ProtectHome docs</link>
for details).
If you require serving files from home directories, you may choose to set e.g.
<programlisting>
systemd.services.nginx.serviceConfig.ProtectHome = "read-only";
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The NixOS options <literal>nesting.clone</literal> and
<literal>nesting.children</literal> have been deleted, and
replaced with named <xref linkend="opt-specialisation"/>
configurations.
</para>
<para>
Replace a <literal>nesting.clone</literal> entry with:
<programlisting>{
<link xlink:href="#opt-specialisation">specialisation.example-sub-configuration</link> = {
<link xlink:href="#opt-specialisation._name_.configuration">configuration</link> = {
...
};
};</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
Replace a <literal>nesting.children</literal> entry with:
<programlisting>{
<link xlink:href="#opt-specialisation">specialisation.example-sub-configuration</link> = {
<link xlink:href="#opt-specialisation._name_.inheritParentConfig">inheritParentConfig</link> = false;
<link xlink:href="#opt-specialisation._name_.configuration">configuration</link> = {
...
};
};</programlisting>
</para>
<para>
To switch to a specialised configuration at runtime you need to
run:
<programlisting>
# sudo /run/current-system/specialisation/example-sub-configuration/bin/switch-to-configuration test
</programlisting>
Before you would have used:
<programlisting>
# sudo /run/current-system/fine-tune/child-1/bin/switch-to-configuration test
</programlisting>
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The Nginx log directory has been moved to <literal>/var/log/nginx</literal>, the cache directory
to <literal>/var/cache/nginx</literal>. The option <literal>services.nginx.stateDir</literal> has
been removed.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The httpd web server previously started its main process as root
privileged, then ran worker processes as a less privileged identity user.
This was changed to start all of httpd as a less privileged user (defined by
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.user"/> and
<xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.group"/>). As a consequence, all files that
are needed for httpd to run (included configuration fragments, SSL
certificates and keys, etc.) must now be readable by this less privileged
user/group.
</para>
<para>
The default value for <xref linkend="opt-services.httpd.mpm"/>
has been changed from <literal>prefork</literal> to <literal>event</literal>. Along with
this change the default value for
<link linkend="opt-services.httpd.virtualHosts">services.httpd.virtualHosts.<name>.http2</link>
has been set to <literal>true</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>systemd-networkd</literal> option
<literal>systemd.network.networks.<name>.dhcp.CriticalConnection</literal>
has been removed following upstream systemd's deprecation of the same. It is recommended to use
<literal>systemd.network.networks.<name>.networkConfig.KeepConfiguration</literal> instead.
See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The <literal>systemd-networkd</literal> option
<literal>systemd.network.networks._name_.dhcpConfig</literal>
has been renamed to
<xref linkend="opt-systemd.network.networks._name_.dhcpV4Config"/>
following upstream systemd's documentation change.
See <citerefentry><refentrytitle>systemd.network</refentrytitle>
<manvolnum>5</manvolnum></citerefentry> for details.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
In the <literal>picom</literal> module, several options that accepted
floating point numbers encoded as strings (for example
<xref linkend="opt-services.picom.activeOpacity"/>) have been changed
to the (relatively) new native <literal>float</literal> type. To migrate
your configuration simply remove the quotes around the numbers.
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para>