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#math #linear-algebra | ||
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sources: | ||
[khan academy: Unit 1: Vectors and spaces](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces) | ||
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# Vector Definition | ||
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It is something that has a magnitude and a direction. | ||
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Intuitive example ([source](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces/vectors/v/vector-introduction-linear-algebra)): | ||
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![](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/Pasted%20image%2020231104130417.png) | ||
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# Vector Notation | ||
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It has notation like the following: | ||
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$$\vec{v}=\left(5,0\right)=\left[\begin{array}{l}{5}\cr{0}\end{array}\right]=5i+0j$$ | ||
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Such that: | ||
* $5$ and $0$ are called ***components*** of a vector, while $(5,0)$ is called a ***2-tuple*** in a 2-D real coordinate space $\left(\mathbb{R}^2\right)$ ([source](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces/vectors/v/real-coordinate-spaces)). | ||
* Side note 1: $\mathbb{R}^2$ is also called a ***set***, such that $\vec{v}\in\mathbb{R}^2$ is called " vector $\vec{v}$ belongs in the set $\mathbb{R}^2$ " | ||
* It can also be represented using unit vectors $i$ and $j$ , as explained in the [Unit vector](#Unit%20Vector) section. | ||
* It can be [added](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces/vectors/v/adding-vectors) and [multiplied (by scalers)](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces/vectors/v/multiplying-vector-by-scalar) | ||
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## Vector Addition | ||
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Addition visualization ([interactive source](https://sciencepickleapps.com/VisuallyAddingVectorsV1-0-0/), from [this](https://sciencepickle.com/earth-systems/vectors-and-forces/adding-vectors/)): | ||
![vector-addition](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/vector-addition.mp4) | ||
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Example: | ||
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$$\vec{v}=\vec{red}+\vec{green}+\vec{blue}=\left[\begin{array}{c}{-9}\cr{3}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}{2}\cr{3}\end{array}\right]+\left[\begin{array}{c}{2}\cr{0.2}\end{array}\right]=\left[\begin{array}{c}{-5}\cr{6.2}\end{array}\right]$$ | ||
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## Vector Multiplication | ||
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Multiplication visualization ([source](https://makeagif.com/gif/vector-multiplication-by-scalar-G4qCVh)): | ||
![vector-scalar-multiplication](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/vector-scalar-multiplication.gif) | ||
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Formula of a scalar-multiplied vector's magnitude: $||c\cdot \vec v||=|c|\cdot ||\vec v||$ | ||
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To get the reverse direction of a vector, add 180 to its direction. | ||
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Example ([source](https://www.khanacademy.org/math/linear-algebra/vectors-and-spaces/vectors/e/scaling_vectors)): | ||
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![](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/Pasted%20image%2020231104110053.png) | ||
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Answer: | ||
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![](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/Pasted%20image%2020231104112518.png) | ||
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![](Attachments%20-%20Vectors/Pasted%20image%2020231104112617.png) | ||
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## Unit Vector | ||
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